• Ansible8:Playbook循环【转】


    在使用ansible做自动化运维的时候,免不了的要重复执行某些操作,如:添加几个用户,创建几个MySQL用户并为之赋予权限,操作某个目录下所有文件等等。好在playbook支持循环语句,可以使得某些需求很容易而且很规范的实现。

    1、with_items

    with_items是playbooks中最基本也是最常用的循环语句:

    tasks:
    - name:Secure config files
       file: path=/etc/{{ item }} mode=0600 owner=root group=root
       with_items:
           - my.cnf
           - shadow
           - fstab

    上面例子表示,创建三个文件分别为my.cnf、shadow、fstab

    也可以将文件列表提前赋值给一个变量,然后在循环语句中调用:

        with_items: "{{ somelist }}"

    使用with_items迭代循环的变量可以是个单纯的列表,也可以是一个较为复杂 的数据结果,如字典类型:

    tasks:

    - name: add several users

      user: name={{ item.name }} state=present groups={{ item.groups }}

      with_items:

        - { name: 'testuser1', groups: 'wheel' }

        - { name: 'testuser2', groups: 'root' }

    2、with_nested嵌套循环

    示例:

    tasks:

    - name: give users access to multiple databases

      mysql_user: name={{ item[0] }} priv={{ item[1] }}.*:ALL append_privs=yes password=foo

      with_nested:

        - [ 'alice', 'bob' ]

        - [ 'clientdb', 'employeedb', 'providerdb' ]

    item[0]是循环的第一个列表的值['alice','bob']。item[1]是第二个列表的值。表示循环创建alice和bob两个用户,并且为其赋予在三个数据库上的所有权限。

    也可以将用户列表事先赋值给一个变量:

    tasks:

    - name: here, 'users' contains the above list of employees

      mysql_user: name={{ item[0] }} priv={{ item[1] }}.*:ALL append_privs=yes password=foo

      with_nested:

        - "{{users}}"

        - [ 'clientdb', 'employeedb', 'providerdb' ]

    3、with_dict

    with_dict可以遍历更复杂的数据结构:
    假如有如下变量内容:
    users:
      alice:
        name: Alice Appleworth
        telephone: 123-456-7890
      bob:
        name: Bob Bananarama
        telephone: 987-654-3210
    现在需要输出每个用户的用户名和手机号:
    tasks:
      - name: Print phone records
        debug: msg="User {{ item.key }} is {{ item.value.name }} ({{ item.value.telephone }})"
        with_dict: "{{ users }}"
    4、with_fileglob文件匹配遍历
    可以指定一个目录,使用with_fileglob可以循环这个目录中的所有文件,示例如下:
    tasks:
    - name:Make key directory    
         file: path=/root/.sshkeys ensure=directory mode=0700 owner=root group=root    
    - name:Upload public keys    
         copy: src={{ item }} dest=/root/.sshkeys mode=0600 owner=root group=root    
         with_fileglob:
           - keys/*.pub    
    - name:Assemble keys into authorized_keys file    
         assemble: src=/root/.sshkeys dest=/root/.ssh/authorized_keysmode=0600 owner=root group=root    
    5、with_subelement遍历子元素

    假如现在需要遍历一个用户列表,并创建每个用户,而且还需要为每个用户配置以特定的SSH key登录。变量文件内容如下:

    users:

      - name: alice

        authorized:

          - /tmp/alice/onekey.pub

          - /tmp/alice/twokey.pub

        mysql:

            password: mysql-password

            hosts:

              - "%"

              - "127.0.0.1"

              - "::1"

              - "localhost"

            privs:

              - "*.*:SELECT"

              - "DB1.*:ALL"

      - name: bob

        authorized:

          - /tmp/bob/id_rsa.pub

        mysql:

            password: other-mysql-password

            hosts:

              - "db1"

            privs:

              - "*.*:SELECT"

              - "DB2.*:ALL"

     

    playbook中定义如下:

    - user: name={{ item.name }} state=present generate_ssh_key=yes

      with_items: "{{users}}"

    - authorized_key: "user={{ item.0.name }} key='{{ lookup('file', item.1) }}'"

      with_subelements:

         - users

         - authorized

     

    也可以遍历嵌套的子列表:

    - name: Setup MySQL users

      mysql_user: name={{ item.0.name }} password={{ item.0.mysql.password }} host={{ item.1 }} priv={{ item.0.mysql.privs | join('/') }}

      with_subelements:

        - users

        - mysql.hosts

    6、with_sequence循环整数序列

    with_sequence可以生成一个自增的整数序列,可以指定起始值和结束值,也可以指定增长步长。 参数以key=value的形式指定,format指定输出的格式。数字可以是十进制、十六进制、八进制:

    - hosts: all

      tasks:

        # create groups

        - group: name=evens state=present

        - group: name=odds state=present

        # create some test users

        - user: name={{ item }} state=present groups=evens

          with_sequence: start=0 end=32 format=testuser%02d

        # create a series of directories with even numbers for some reason

        - file: dest=/var/stuff/{{ item }} state=directory

          with_sequence: start=4 end=16 stride=2    # stride用于指定步长

        # a simpler way to use the sequence plugin

        # create 4 groups

        - group: name=group{{ item }} state=present

          with_sequence: count=4

    7、with_random_choice随机选择

    从列表中随机取一个值:

    - debug: msg={{ item }}

      with_random_choice:

         - "go through the door"

         - "drink from the goblet"

         - "press the red button"

         - "do nothing"

    8、do-Util循环

    示例:

    - action: shell /usr/bin/foo

      register: result

      until: result.stdout.find("all systems go") != -1

      retries: 5

      delay: 10

    重复执行shell模块,当shell模块执行的命令输出内容包含"all systems go"的时候停止。重试5次,延迟时间10秒。retries默认值为3,delay默认值为5。任务的返回值为最后一次循环的返回结果。

    9、循环注册变量

    在循环中使用register时,保存的结果中包含results关键字,该关键字保存模块执行结果的列表

    - shell: echo "{{ item }}"

      with_items:

        - one

        - two

      register: echo

    变量echo内容如下:

    {

        "changed": true,

        "msg": "All items completed",

        "results": [

            {

                "changed": true,

                "cmd": "echo "one" ",

                "delta": "0:00:00.003110",

                "end": "2013-12-19 12:00:05.187153",

                "invocation": {

                    "module_args": "echo "one"",

                    "module_name": "shell"

                },

                "item": "one",

                "rc": 0,

                "start": "2013-12-19 12:00:05.184043",

                "stderr": "",

                "stdout": "one"

            },

            {

                "changed": true,

                "cmd": "echo "two" ",

                "delta": "0:00:00.002920",

                "end": "2013-12-19 12:00:05.245502",

                "invocation": {

                    "module_args": "echo "two"",

                    "module_name": "shell"

                },

                "item": "two",

                "rc": 0,

                "start": "2013-12-19 12:00:05.242582",

                "stderr": "",

                "stdout": "two"

            }

        ]

    }

    遍历注册变量的结果:

    - name: Fail if return code is not 0

      fail:

        msg: "The command ({{ item.cmd }}) did not have a 0 return code"

      when: item.rc != 0

      with_items: "{{echo.results}}"

    10、with_together遍历数据并行集合

    示例:

    - hosts: webservers

      remote_user: root

      vars:

        alpha: [ 'a','b','c','d']

        numbers: [ 1,2,3,4 ]

      tasks:

        - debug: msg="{{ item.0 }} and {{ item.1 }}"

          with_together:

             - "{{ alpha }}"

             - "{{ numbers }}"

    输出的结果为:

    ok: [192.168.1.65] => (item=['a', 1]) => {

        "item": [

            "a",

            1

        ],

        "msg": "a and 1"

    }

    ok: [192.168.1.65] => (item=['b', 2]) => {

        "item": [

            "b",

            2

        ],

        "msg": "b and 2"

    }

    ok: [192.168.1.65] => (item=['c', 3]) => {

        "item": [

            "c",

            3

        ],

        "msg": "c and 3"

    }

    ok: [192.168.1.65] => (item=['d', 4]) => {

        "item": [

            "d",

            4

        ],

        "msg": "d and 4"

    }

    loop模块一般在下面的场景中使用

    1. 类似的配置模块重复了多遍

    2. fact是一个列表

    3. 创建多个文件,然后使用assemble聚合成一个大文件

    4. 使用with_fileglob匹配特定的文件管理

    本文出自 “无名小卒” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://breezey.blog.51cto.com/2400275/1757636

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/paul8339/p/6159234.html
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