c语言实行泛型hashmap

代码出处：A simple string hashmap in C  https://github.com/petewarden/c_hashmap

main.c

(main2是官方源代码，main是博主写的代码，实现了String类型及Char类型的存取，看官可以根据以下代码触类旁通，限于博主的c语言

功底有限，此处的实现仅为poc代码，不保证严谨性以及稳定性，如果使用到生产环境请多斟酌，测试，如果你有更完善的代码分享，将感激不尽）

/*
* A unit test and example of how to use the simple C hashmap
*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>

#include "hashmap.h"

#define KEY_MAX_LENGTH (256)
#define KEY_PREFIX ("somekey")
#define KEY_COUNT (1024*1024)

typedef struct data_struct_s
{
    char key_string[KEY_MAX_LENGTH];
    int number;
} data_struct_t;

typedef struct data_struct_String
{
    char key_string[KEY_MAX_LENGTH];
    char str[20];
} ds_String;

typedef struct data_struct_Char
{
    char key_string[KEY_MAX_LENGTH];
    char ch;
}ds_Char;

void hashmap_putString(map_t *map, ds_String *string)
{
    hashmap_put(map, string->key_string, string);
}
void hashmap_getStringValue(map_t *map, char* key)
{
    ds_String *out;
    hashmap_get(map, key, (void**)(&out));

    printf("key:%s, value:%s
", out->key_string, out->str);
}

void hashmap_putChar(map_t *map, ds_Char *ch)
{
    hashmap_put(map, ch->key_string, ch);
}
void hashmap_getCharValue(map_t *map, char* key)
{
    ds_Char *out;
    hashmap_get(map, key, (void**)(&out));

    printf("key:%s, value:%c
", out->key_string, out->ch);
}
int main()
{
    map_t mymap;
    mymap = hashmap_new();
    
    ds_String *str;
    

    ds_Char *ch;


    str = malloc(sizeof(ds_String));

    ch = malloc(sizeof(ds_Char));

    //写入String值
    snprintf(str->key_string, KEY_MAX_LENGTH, "%s%d", "str", 1);
    strcpy(str->str, "hello World");
    hashmap_putString(mymap, str);
    hashmap_getStringValue(mymap, str->key_string);

    //写入Char
    ch->ch = 'A';
    snprintf(ch->key_string, KEY_COUNT, "%s%d", "ch", 1);
    hashmap_putChar(mymap, ch);
    hashmap_getCharValue(mymap, ch->key_string);  
}


int main2(char* argv, int argc)
{
    int index;
    int error;
    map_t mymap;
    char key_string[KEY_MAX_LENGTH];
    data_struct_t* value;

    mymap = hashmap_new();

    /* First, populate the hash map with ascending values */
    for (index = 0; index<KEY_COUNT; index += 1)
    {
        /* Store the key string along side the numerical value so we can free it later */
        value = malloc(sizeof(data_struct_t));
        snprintf(value->key_string, KEY_MAX_LENGTH, "%s%d", KEY_PREFIX, index);
        value->number = index;

        error = hashmap_put(mymap, value->key_string, value);
        assert(error == MAP_OK);
    }

    /* Now, check all of the expected values are there */
    for (index = 0; index<KEY_COUNT; index += 1)
    {
        snprintf(key_string, KEY_MAX_LENGTH, "%s%d", KEY_PREFIX, index);

        error = hashmap_get(mymap, key_string, (void**)(&value));

        /* Make sure the value was both found and the correct number */
        assert(error == MAP_OK);
        assert(value->number == index);
    }

    /* Make sure that a value that wasn't in the map can't be found */
    snprintf(key_string, KEY_MAX_LENGTH, "%s%d", KEY_PREFIX, KEY_COUNT);

    error = hashmap_get(mymap, key_string, (void**)(&value));

    /* Make sure the value was not found */
    assert(error == MAP_MISSING);

    /* Free all of the values we allocated and remove them from the map */
    for (index = 0; index<KEY_COUNT; index += 1)
    {
        snprintf(key_string, KEY_MAX_LENGTH, "%s%d", KEY_PREFIX, index);

        error = hashmap_get(mymap, key_string, (void**)(&value));
        assert(error == MAP_OK);

        error = hashmap_remove(mymap, key_string);
        assert(error == MAP_OK);

        free(value);
    }

    /* Now, destroy the map */
    hashmap_free(mymap);

    return 1;
}

输出结果

hashmap.h

/*
 * Generic hashmap manipulation functions
 *
 * Originally by Elliot C Back - http://elliottback.com/wp/hashmap-implementation-in-c/
 *
 * Modified by Pete Warden to fix a serious performance problem, support strings as keys
 * and removed thread synchronization - http://petewarden.typepad.com
 */
#ifndef __HASHMAP_H__
#define __HASHMAP_H__

#define MAP_MISSING -3  /* No such element */
#define MAP_FULL -2     /* Hashmap is full */
#define MAP_OMEM -1     /* Out of Memory */
#define MAP_OK 0     /* OK */

/*
 * any_t is a pointer.  This allows you to put arbitrary structures in
 * the hashmap.
 */
typedef void *any_t;

/*
 * PFany is a pointer to a function that can take two any_t arguments
 * and return an integer. Returns status code..
 */
typedef int (*PFany)(any_t, any_t);

/*
 * map_t is a pointer to an internally maintained data structure.
 * Clients of this package do not need to know how hashmaps are
 * represented.  They see and manipulate only map_t's.
 */
typedef any_t map_t;

/*
 * Return an empty hashmap. Returns NULL if empty.
*/
extern map_t hashmap_new();

/*
 * Iteratively call f with argument (item, data) for
 * each element data in the hashmap. The function must
 * return a map status code. If it returns anything other
 * than MAP_OK the traversal is terminated. f must
 * not reenter any hashmap functions, or deadlock may arise.
 */
extern int hashmap_iterate(map_t in, PFany f, any_t item);

/*
 * Add an element to the hashmap. Return MAP_OK or MAP_OMEM.
 */
extern int hashmap_put(map_t in, char* key, any_t value);

/*
 * Get an element from the hashmap. Return MAP_OK or MAP_MISSING.
 */
extern int hashmap_get(map_t in, char* key, any_t *arg);

/*
 * Remove an element from the hashmap. Return MAP_OK or MAP_MISSING.
 */
extern int hashmap_remove(map_t in, char* key);

/*
 * Get any element. Return MAP_OK or MAP_MISSING.
 * remove - should the element be removed from the hashmap
 */
extern int hashmap_get_one(map_t in, any_t *arg, int remove);

/*
 * Free the hashmap
 */
extern void hashmap_free(map_t in);

/*
 * Get the current size of a hashmap
 */
extern int hashmap_length(map_t in);

#endif __HASHMAP_H__

hashmap.c

/*
 * Generic map implementation.
 */
#include "hashmap.h"

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define INITIAL_SIZE (256)
#define MAX_CHAIN_LENGTH (8)

/* We need to keep keys and values */
typedef struct _hashmap_element{
    char* key;
    int in_use;
    any_t data;
} hashmap_element;

/* A hashmap has some maximum size and current size,
 * as well as the data to hold. */
typedef struct _hashmap_map{
    int table_size;
    int size;
    hashmap_element *data;
} hashmap_map;

/*
 * Return an empty hashmap, or NULL on failure.
 */
map_t hashmap_new() {
    hashmap_map* m = (hashmap_map*) malloc(sizeof(hashmap_map));
    if(!m) goto err;

    m->data = (hashmap_element*) calloc(INITIAL_SIZE, sizeof(hashmap_element));
    if(!m->data) goto err;

    m->table_size = INITIAL_SIZE;
    m->size = 0;

    return m;
    err:
        if (m)
            hashmap_free(m);
        return NULL;
}

/* The implementation here was originally done by Gary S. Brown.  I have
   borrowed the tables directly, and made some minor changes to the
   crc32-function (including changing the interface). //ylo */

  /* ============================================================= */
  /*  COPYRIGHT (C) 1986 Gary S. Brown.  You may use this program, or       */
  /*  code or tables extracted from it, as desired without restriction.     */
  /*                                                                        */
  /*  First, the polynomial itself and its table of feedback terms.  The    */
  /*  polynomial is                                                         */
  /*  X^32+X^26+X^23+X^22+X^16+X^12+X^11+X^10+X^8+X^7+X^5+X^4+X^2+X^1+X^0   */
  /*                                                                        */
  /*  Note that we take it "backwards" and put the highest-order term in    */
  /*  the lowest-order bit.  The X^32 term is "implied"; the LSB is the     */
  /*  X^31 term, etc.  The X^0 term (usually shown as "+1") results in      */
  /*  the MSB being 1.                                                      */
  /*                                                                        */
  /*  Note that the usual hardware shift register implementation, which     */
  /*  is what we're using (we're merely optimizing it by doing eight-bit    */
  /*  chunks at a time) shifts bits into the lowest-order term.  In our     */
  /*  implementation, that means shifting towards the right.  Why do we     */
  /*  do it this way?  Because the calculated CRC must be transmitted in    */
  /*  order from highest-order term to lowest-order term.  UARTs transmit   */
  /*  characters in order from LSB to MSB.  By storing the CRC this way,    */
  /*  we hand it to the UART in the order low-byte to high-byte; the UART   */
  /*  sends each low-bit to hight-bit; and the result is transmission bit   */
  /*  by bit from highest- to lowest-order term without requiring any bit   */
  /*  shuffling on our part.  Reception works similarly.                    */
  /*                                                                        */
  /*  The feedback terms table consists of 256, 32-bit entries.  Notes:     */
  /*                                                                        */
  /*      The table can be generated at runtime if desired; code to do so   */
  /*      is shown later.  It might not be obvious, but the feedback        */
  /*      terms simply represent the results of eight shift/xor opera-      */
  /*      tions for all combinations of data and CRC register values.       */
  /*                                                                        */
  /*      The values must be right-shifted by eight bits by the "updcrc"    */
  /*      logic; the shift must be unsigned (bring in zeroes).  On some     */
  /*      hardware you could probably optimize the shift in assembler by    */
  /*      using byte-swap instructions.                                     */
  /*      polynomial $edb88320                                              */
  /*                                                                        */
  /*  --------------------------------------------------------------------  */

static unsigned long crc32_tab[] = {
      0x00000000L, 0x77073096L, 0xee0e612cL, 0x990951baL, 0x076dc419L,
      0x706af48fL, 0xe963a535L, 0x9e6495a3L, 0x0edb8832L, 0x79dcb8a4L,
      0xe0d5e91eL, 0x97d2d988L, 0x09b64c2bL, 0x7eb17cbdL, 0xe7b82d07L,
      0x90bf1d91L, 0x1db71064L, 0x6ab020f2L, 0xf3b97148L, 0x84be41deL,
      0x1adad47dL, 0x6ddde4ebL, 0xf4d4b551L, 0x83d385c7L, 0x136c9856L,
      0x646ba8c0L, 0xfd62f97aL, 0x8a65c9ecL, 0x14015c4fL, 0x63066cd9L,
      0xfa0f3d63L, 0x8d080df5L, 0x3b6e20c8L, 0x4c69105eL, 0xd56041e4L,
      0xa2677172L, 0x3c03e4d1L, 0x4b04d447L, 0xd20d85fdL, 0xa50ab56bL,
      0x35b5a8faL, 0x42b2986cL, 0xdbbbc9d6L, 0xacbcf940L, 0x32d86ce3L,
      0x45df5c75L, 0xdcd60dcfL, 0xabd13d59L, 0x26d930acL, 0x51de003aL,
      0xc8d75180L, 0xbfd06116L, 0x21b4f4b5L, 0x56b3c423L, 0xcfba9599L,
      0xb8bda50fL, 0x2802b89eL, 0x5f058808L, 0xc60cd9b2L, 0xb10be924L,
      0x2f6f7c87L, 0x58684c11L, 0xc1611dabL, 0xb6662d3dL, 0x76dc4190L,
      0x01db7106L, 0x98d220bcL, 0xefd5102aL, 0x71b18589L, 0x06b6b51fL,
      0x9fbfe4a5L, 0xe8b8d433L, 0x7807c9a2L, 0x0f00f934L, 0x9609a88eL,
      0xe10e9818L, 0x7f6a0dbbL, 0x086d3d2dL, 0x91646c97L, 0xe6635c01L,
      0x6b6b51f4L, 0x1c6c6162L, 0x856530d8L, 0xf262004eL, 0x6c0695edL,
      0x1b01a57bL, 0x8208f4c1L, 0xf50fc457L, 0x65b0d9c6L, 0x12b7e950L,
      0x8bbeb8eaL, 0xfcb9887cL, 0x62dd1ddfL, 0x15da2d49L, 0x8cd37cf3L,
      0xfbd44c65L, 0x4db26158L, 0x3ab551ceL, 0xa3bc0074L, 0xd4bb30e2L,
      0x4adfa541L, 0x3dd895d7L, 0xa4d1c46dL, 0xd3d6f4fbL, 0x4369e96aL,
      0x346ed9fcL, 0xad678846L, 0xda60b8d0L, 0x44042d73L, 0x33031de5L,
      0xaa0a4c5fL, 0xdd0d7cc9L, 0x5005713cL, 0x270241aaL, 0xbe0b1010L,
      0xc90c2086L, 0x5768b525L, 0x206f85b3L, 0xb966d409L, 0xce61e49fL,
      0x5edef90eL, 0x29d9c998L, 0xb0d09822L, 0xc7d7a8b4L, 0x59b33d17L,
      0x2eb40d81L, 0xb7bd5c3bL, 0xc0ba6cadL, 0xedb88320L, 0x9abfb3b6L,
      0x03b6e20cL, 0x74b1d29aL, 0xead54739L, 0x9dd277afL, 0x04db2615L,
      0x73dc1683L, 0xe3630b12L, 0x94643b84L, 0x0d6d6a3eL, 0x7a6a5aa8L,
      0xe40ecf0bL, 0x9309ff9dL, 0x0a00ae27L, 0x7d079eb1L, 0xf00f9344L,
      0x8708a3d2L, 0x1e01f268L, 0x6906c2feL, 0xf762575dL, 0x806567cbL,
      0x196c3671L, 0x6e6b06e7L, 0xfed41b76L, 0x89d32be0L, 0x10da7a5aL,
      0x67dd4accL, 0xf9b9df6fL, 0x8ebeeff9L, 0x17b7be43L, 0x60b08ed5L,
      0xd6d6a3e8L, 0xa1d1937eL, 0x38d8c2c4L, 0x4fdff252L, 0xd1bb67f1L,
      0xa6bc5767L, 0x3fb506ddL, 0x48b2364bL, 0xd80d2bdaL, 0xaf0a1b4cL,
      0x36034af6L, 0x41047a60L, 0xdf60efc3L, 0xa867df55L, 0x316e8eefL,
      0x4669be79L, 0xcb61b38cL, 0xbc66831aL, 0x256fd2a0L, 0x5268e236L,
      0xcc0c7795L, 0xbb0b4703L, 0x220216b9L, 0x5505262fL, 0xc5ba3bbeL,
      0xb2bd0b28L, 0x2bb45a92L, 0x5cb36a04L, 0xc2d7ffa7L, 0xb5d0cf31L,
      0x2cd99e8bL, 0x5bdeae1dL, 0x9b64c2b0L, 0xec63f226L, 0x756aa39cL,
      0x026d930aL, 0x9c0906a9L, 0xeb0e363fL, 0x72076785L, 0x05005713L,
      0x95bf4a82L, 0xe2b87a14L, 0x7bb12baeL, 0x0cb61b38L, 0x92d28e9bL,
      0xe5d5be0dL, 0x7cdcefb7L, 0x0bdbdf21L, 0x86d3d2d4L, 0xf1d4e242L,
      0x68ddb3f8L, 0x1fda836eL, 0x81be16cdL, 0xf6b9265bL, 0x6fb077e1L,
      0x18b74777L, 0x88085ae6L, 0xff0f6a70L, 0x66063bcaL, 0x11010b5cL,
      0x8f659effL, 0xf862ae69L, 0x616bffd3L, 0x166ccf45L, 0xa00ae278L,
      0xd70dd2eeL, 0x4e048354L, 0x3903b3c2L, 0xa7672661L, 0xd06016f7L,
      0x4969474dL, 0x3e6e77dbL, 0xaed16a4aL, 0xd9d65adcL, 0x40df0b66L,
      0x37d83bf0L, 0xa9bcae53L, 0xdebb9ec5L, 0x47b2cf7fL, 0x30b5ffe9L,
      0xbdbdf21cL, 0xcabac28aL, 0x53b39330L, 0x24b4a3a6L, 0xbad03605L,
      0xcdd70693L, 0x54de5729L, 0x23d967bfL, 0xb3667a2eL, 0xc4614ab8L,
      0x5d681b02L, 0x2a6f2b94L, 0xb40bbe37L, 0xc30c8ea1L, 0x5a05df1bL,
      0x2d02ef8dL
   };

/* Return a 32-bit CRC of the contents of the buffer. */

unsigned long crc32(const unsigned char *s, unsigned int len)
{
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned long crc32val;
  
  crc32val = 0;
  for (i = 0;  i < len;  i ++)
    {
      crc32val =
    crc32_tab[(crc32val ^ s[i]) & 0xff] ^
      (crc32val >> 8);
    }
  return crc32val;
}

/*
 * Hashing function for a string
 */
unsigned int hashmap_hash_int(hashmap_map * m, char* keystring){

    unsigned long key = crc32((unsigned char*)(keystring), strlen(keystring));

    /* Robert Jenkins' 32 bit Mix Function */
    key += (key << 12);
    key ^= (key >> 22);
    key += (key << 4);
    key ^= (key >> 9);
    key += (key << 10);
    key ^= (key >> 2);
    key += (key << 7);
    key ^= (key >> 12);

    /* Knuth's Multiplicative Method */
    key = (key >> 3) * 2654435761;

    return key % m->table_size;
}

/*
 * Return the integer of the location in data
 * to store the point to the item, or MAP_FULL.
 */
int hashmap_hash(map_t in, char* key){
    int curr;
    int i;

    /* Cast the hashmap */
    hashmap_map* m = (hashmap_map *) in;

    /* If full, return immediately */
    if(m->size >= (m->table_size/2)) return MAP_FULL;

    /* Find the best index */
    curr = hashmap_hash_int(m, key);

    /* Linear probing */
    for(i = 0; i< MAX_CHAIN_LENGTH; i++){
        if(m->data[curr].in_use == 0)
            return curr;

        if(m->data[curr].in_use == 1 && (strcmp(m->data[curr].key,key)==0))
            return curr;

        curr = (curr + 1) % m->table_size;
    }

    return MAP_FULL;
}

/*
 * Doubles the size of the hashmap, and rehashes all the elements
 */
int hashmap_rehash(map_t in){
    int i;
    int old_size;
    hashmap_element* curr;

    /* Setup the new elements */
    hashmap_map *m = (hashmap_map *) in;
    hashmap_element* temp = (hashmap_element *)
        calloc(2 * m->table_size, sizeof(hashmap_element));
    if(!temp) return MAP_OMEM;

    /* Update the array */
    curr = m->data;
    m->data = temp;

    /* Update the size */
    old_size = m->table_size;
    m->table_size = 2 * m->table_size;
    m->size = 0;

    /* Rehash the elements */
    for(i = 0; i < old_size; i++){
        int status;

        if (curr[i].in_use == 0)
            continue;
            
        status = hashmap_put(m, curr[i].key, curr[i].data);
        if (status != MAP_OK)
            return status;
    }

    free(curr);

    return MAP_OK;
}

/*
 * Add a pointer to the hashmap with some key
 */
int hashmap_put(map_t in, char* key, any_t value){
    int index;
    hashmap_map* m;

    /* Cast the hashmap */
    m = (hashmap_map *) in;

    /* Find a place to put our value */
    index = hashmap_hash(in, key);
    while(index == MAP_FULL){
        if (hashmap_rehash(in) == MAP_OMEM) {
            return MAP_OMEM;
        }
        index = hashmap_hash(in, key);
    }

    /* Set the data */
    m->data[index].data = value;
    m->data[index].key = key;
    m->data[index].in_use = 1;
    m->size++; 

    return MAP_OK;
}

/*
 * Get your pointer out of the hashmap with a key
 */
int hashmap_get(map_t in, char* key, any_t *arg){
    int curr;
    int i;
    hashmap_map* m;

    /* Cast the hashmap */
    m = (hashmap_map *) in;

    /* Find data location */
    curr = hashmap_hash_int(m, key);

    /* Linear probing, if necessary */
    for(i = 0; i<MAX_CHAIN_LENGTH; i++){

        int in_use = m->data[curr].in_use;
        if (in_use == 1){
            if (strcmp(m->data[curr].key,key)==0){
                *arg = (m->data[curr].data);
                return MAP_OK;
            }
        }

        curr = (curr + 1) % m->table_size;
    }

    *arg = NULL;

    /* Not found */
    return MAP_MISSING;
}

/*
 * Iterate the function parameter over each element in the hashmap.  The
 * additional any_t argument is passed to the function as its first
 * argument and the hashmap element is the second.
 */
int hashmap_iterate(map_t in, PFany f, any_t item) {
    int i;

    /* Cast the hashmap */
    hashmap_map* m = (hashmap_map*) in;

    /* On empty hashmap, return immediately */
    if (hashmap_length(m) <= 0)
        return MAP_MISSING;    

    /* Linear probing */
    for(i = 0; i< m->table_size; i++)
        if(m->data[i].in_use != 0) {
            any_t data = (any_t) (m->data[i].data);
            int status = f(item, data);
            if (status != MAP_OK) {
                return status;
            }
        }

    return MAP_OK;
}

/*
 * Remove an element with that key from the map
 */
int hashmap_remove(map_t in, char* key){
    int i;
    int curr;
    hashmap_map* m;

    /* Cast the hashmap */
    m = (hashmap_map *) in;

    /* Find key */
    curr = hashmap_hash_int(m, key);

    /* Linear probing, if necessary */
    for(i = 0; i<MAX_CHAIN_LENGTH; i++){

        int in_use = m->data[curr].in_use;
        if (in_use == 1){
            if (strcmp(m->data[curr].key,key)==0){
                /* Blank out the fields */
                m->data[curr].in_use = 0;
                m->data[curr].data = NULL;
                m->data[curr].key = NULL;

                /* Reduce the size */
                m->size--;
                return MAP_OK;
            }
        }
        curr = (curr + 1) % m->table_size;
    }

    /* Data not found */
    return MAP_MISSING;
}

/* Deallocate the hashmap */
void hashmap_free(map_t in){
    hashmap_map* m = (hashmap_map*) in;
    free(m->data);
    free(m);
}

/* Return the length of the hashmap */
int hashmap_length(map_t in){
    hashmap_map* m = (hashmap_map *) in;
    if(m != NULL) return m->size;
    else return 0;
}