用python(2.7)自定义实现SQL的集合操作

有的时候需要在不同的数据库实例之间做集合操作，这就无法直接使用SQL语句的join，left join了。相同类型的数据库之间虽然也有类似于DBLINK和FEDERATED之类的东西，但一来这些东西不同的数据库之间是不能通用的，还有就是这些都要在数据库服务端上操作的，即使是dba要走这么一个申请流程也是非常麻烦的。所以就想自己写几个常用的：

inner_join：内连接操作，t1 join t2 on t1.col=t2.col，返回连接字段相等的行，方式包括下面的外连接用的都是最简单的nested loop join。

left_join：左连接操作，t1 left join t2 on t1.col=t2.col，返回左边所有的行以及右表中连接字段相等的行，注意的是右边没有的要以NULL填充。

right_join：右连接操作，t1 right join t2 on t1.col=t2.col，和左连接一样，就是左右的位置换了一下。

union_all：两个集合合并。

union：和union_all一样，就是要除去重复的。

代码如下：

#!/usr/local/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-

'''
Created on 2016年5月23日

@author: PaoloLiu
'''

class sql_merge(object):
    '''
    classdocs
    '''


    def __init__(self):
        '''
        Constructor
        '''
        
    def inner_join(self, left_table, right_table, left_join_col, right_join_col):
        
        pass
    
        new_result = []
        
        for left_row in left_table:
            for right_row in right_table:
                
                if left_row[left_join_col] == right_row[right_join_col]:
                    new_row = left_row + right_row
                    new_result.append(new_row)
       
        return new_result
        
    def left_join(self, left_table, right_table, left_join_col, right_join_col):
        
        pass
    
        new_result = []
        
        addnull = None
        
        if len(right_table) > 0:
            for i in range (1, len(right_table[0])):
                addnull = (addnull, None)
        
            for left_row in left_table:
                
                n = 0
                
                for right_row in right_table:
                    
                    if left_row[left_join_col] == right_row[right_join_col]:
                        new_row = left_row + right_row
                        new_result.append(new_row)
                    else:
                        n = n + 1
                     
                    if n == len(right_table):
                        new_result.append(left_row + addnull)
        else:
            new_result = left_table
        
        return new_result
    
    def right_join(self, left_table, right_table, left_join_col, right_join_col):
        return self.left_join(right_table, left_table, right_join_col, left_join_col)
    
    def union_all(self, left_table, right_table):
        return left_table + right_table
    
    def union(self, left_table, right_table):
        result = self.union_all(left_table, right_table)
        
        new_result = []
        
        for row in result:
            if row not in new_result:
                new_result.append(row)
        
        return new_result
    
    def order_asc(self, result, col):
        result.sort(key=lambda x:x[col])
        return result
    
    def order_desc(self, result, col):
        result.sort(key=lambda x:x[col], reverse=True)
        return result
                
def test():
    pass

    left_result = [(1, "aaa"), (2, "bbb"), (3, "ccc"), (6, None), (1, "111")]
    right_result = [(1, "111"), (2, "2222"), (4, "444"), (5, "abc")]
    print "left_result=" + str(left_result)
    print "right_result=" + str(right_result)
    print "=========================================================="
         
    sqlmerge = sql_merge()
    
    print "inner_join=" + str(sqlmerge.inner_join(left_result, right_result, 0, 0))
    print "left_join=" + str(sqlmerge.left_join(left_result, right_result, 0, 0))
    print "right_join=" + str(sqlmerge.right_join(left_result, right_result, 0, 0))
    print "union_all=" + str(sqlmerge.union_all(left_result, right_result))
    print "union=" + str(sqlmerge.union(left_result, right_result))
    print "order_asc=" + str(sqlmerge.order_asc(left_result, 0))
    print "order_desc=" + str(sqlmerge.order_desc(left_result, 0))
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    test()

测试记录运行结果：

left_result=[(1, 'aaa'), (2, 'bbb'), (3, 'ccc'), (6, None), (1, '111')]
right_result=[(1, '111'), (2, '2222'), (4, '444'), (5, 'abc')]
==========================================================
inner_join=[(1, 'aaa', 1, '111'), (2, 'bbb', 2, '2222'), (1, '111', 1, '111')]
left_join=[(1, 'aaa', 1, '111'), (2, 'bbb', 2, '2222'), (3, 'ccc', None, None), (6, None, None, None), (1, '111', 1, '111')]
right_join=[(1, '111', 1, 'aaa'), (1, '111', 1, '111'), (2, '2222', 2, 'bbb'), (4, '444', None, None), (5, 'abc', None, None)]
union_all=[(1, 'aaa'), (2, 'bbb'), (3, 'ccc'), (6, None), (1, '111'), (1, '111'), (2, '2222'), (4, '444'), (5, 'abc')]
union=[(1, 'aaa'), (2, 'bbb'), (3, 'ccc'), (6, None), (1, '111'), (2, '2222'), (4, '444'), (5, 'abc')]
order_asc=[(1, 'aaa'), (1, '111'), (2, 'bbb'), (3, 'ccc'), (6, None)]
order_desc=[(6, None), (3, 'ccc'), (2, 'bbb'), (1, 'aaa'), (1, '111')]

最后貼一张我认为最能说明SQL JOIN关系的图。还有要注意的是not in子查询是可以用左边从上往下第二个left join所代替的。