一 Zuul简介
Zuul的主要功能是路由转发和过滤器。路由功能是微服务的一部分,比如/user/**转发到到user服务,/api/**转发到到api服务。zuul默认和Ribbon结合实现了负载均衡的功能。
二 Zuul的路由功能
创建一个Module 叫zuul
创建完成之后的pom如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.hmzj</groupId> <artifactId>zuul</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>zuul</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
创建application.yml
server:
port: 8062
spring:
application:
name: zuul
eureka:
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
instance-id: ${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${spring.application.name}:${server.port}
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://**:**@192.168.31.54:8060/eureka/
zuul:
routes:
user: #localhost:8062/user/**中的user
path: /user/** #转发user/下的所有请求
serviceId: callcenter-user #服务名称
freeswitch:
path: /freeswitch/**
serviceId: callcenter-freeswitch
api:
path: /api/**
serviceId: callcenter-api
其中路由部分就是routes下面的部分
启动服务
访问http://localhost:8062/user/test/sayHello/pyq 8062是zuul的端口
二 Zuul的过滤器功能
在根目录下新建MyFilter.java
package com.hmzj.zuul; import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter; import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; @Component public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter { private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class); @Override public String filterType() { return "pre"; } @Override public int filterOrder() { return 0; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { return (boolean) run(); } @Override public Object run() { RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest(); log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString())); Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token"); if(accessToken == null) { log.warn("token is empty"); // ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false); // ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401); // try { // ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty"); // }catch (Exception e){} return false; } log.info("ok"); return true; } }
此处通过zuul来转发服务时都要经过此过滤器
FilterType:返回一个字符串代表过滤器的类型,在zuul中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型,具体如下:
- pre:路由之前
- routing:路由之时
- post: 路由之后
- error:发送错误调用
- filterOrder:过滤的顺序
- shouldFilter:这里可以写逻辑判断,是否要过滤,本文true,永远过滤。
- run:过滤器的具体逻辑。可用很复杂,包括查sql,nosql去判断该请求到底有没有权限访问。