DOTA版设计模式——原型

原型模式，说白了就是拷贝新对象，新对象是原来的对象一模一样。就像是孙悟空用毛吹出的N个孙悟空一样，他们都是一样的具有一样的状态。
UML图：

在C#中原型模式就是要实现Clone方法，完成对对象的拷贝，framework中已经有了这个接口我们不必去重新定义了（ICloneable）。
C#中分为深拷贝和浅拷贝，浅拷贝这样实现即可：
        public object Clone()
        {
            return this.MemberwiseClone();
        }
这样代码很简单，但是有一定弊端。C#中有两种类型，引用类型和值类型。引用类型是放在托管堆中的，值类型放在堆栈中。当执行MemberwiseClone方法是返回的对象的确与原对象相同。但是两者却有很大的关联。对于值类型没有问题，而类中的引用类型成员返回的是同一对象，也就是说假如有个孙悟空类，类中包含的值类型没有问题，然而孙悟空类包含引用类型（外形类，自定义类型）。大家知道孙悟空会72般变化，那么假如我让N个孙悟空中的一个变为和尚，那么其他的孙悟空也会变为和尚，这是因为对于引用类型（外形类）MemberwiseClone传递的是引用，没有新建类。用C++语言来说就是传递给了新孙悟空对象了外形类指针，一个变化将引起多个变化。要想各个对象是互不关联的需要进行深拷贝。
测试代码：

            //浅拷贝
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("浅拷贝：MemberwiseClone");
            DotaPatternLibrary.Protype.Hero hero = new DotaPatternLibrary.Protype.Terrorblade();
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("英雄名称：" + hero.Name);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("英雄级别：" + hero.Level);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult(String.Format("英雄属性---力量:{0},敏捷{1},智力{2}",
                                        hero.RoleProperty.power,
                                        hero.RoleProperty.nimble,
                                        hero.RoleProperty.intelligence));
            DotaPatternLibrary.Protype.Hero heroNew = hero.Clone() as DotaPatternLibrary.Protype.Hero;
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("复制英雄名称：" + heroNew.Name);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("复制英雄级别：" + heroNew.Level);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult(String.Format("复制英雄属性---力量:{0},敏捷{1},智力{2}",
                                        heroNew.RoleProperty.power,
                                        heroNew.RoleProperty.nimble,
                                        heroNew.RoleProperty.intelligence));

            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("升级==>");

            hero.Level += 1;
            hero.RoleProperty.power += 1.9m;
            hero.RoleProperty.nimble += 3.2m;
            hero.RoleProperty.intelligence += 1.75m;
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("英雄名称：" + hero.Name);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("英雄级别：" + hero.Level);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult(String.Format("英雄属性---力量:{0},敏捷{1},智力{2}",
                                        hero.RoleProperty.power,
                                        hero.RoleProperty.nimble,
                                        hero.RoleProperty.intelligence));
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("复制英雄名称：" + heroNew.Name);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("复制英雄级别：" + heroNew.Level);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult(String.Format("复制英雄属性---力量:{0},敏捷{1},智力{2}",
                                        heroNew.RoleProperty.power,
                                        heroNew.RoleProperty.nimble,
                                        heroNew.RoleProperty.intelligence));
            //深拷贝
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("深拷贝:新对象");
            DotaPatternLibrary.Protype.HeroForDeepCopy heroDeep = new DotaPatternLibrary.Protype.Syllabear();
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("英雄名称：" + heroDeep.Name);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("英雄级别：" + heroDeep.Level);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult(String.Format("英雄属性---力量:{0},敏捷{1},智力{2}",
                                        heroDeep.RoleProperty.power,
                                        heroDeep.RoleProperty.nimble,
                                        heroDeep.RoleProperty.intelligence));
            DotaPatternLibrary.Protype.HeroForDeepCopy heroNewDeep = heroDeep.Clone() as DotaPatternLibrary.Protype.HeroForDeepCopy;
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("复制英雄名称：" + heroNewDeep.Name);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("复制英雄级别：" + heroNewDeep.Level);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult(String.Format("复制英雄属性---力量:{0},敏捷{1},智力{2}",
                                        heroNewDeep.RoleProperty.power,
                                        heroNewDeep.RoleProperty.nimble,
                                        heroNewDeep.RoleProperty.intelligence));

            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("升级==>");

            heroDeep.Level += 1;
            heroDeep.RoleProperty.power += 1.9m;
            heroDeep.RoleProperty.nimble += 3.2m;
            heroDeep.RoleProperty.intelligence += 1.75m;
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("英雄名称：" + heroDeep.Name);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("英雄级别：" + heroDeep.Level);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult(String.Format("英雄属性---力量:{0},敏捷{1},智力{2}",
                                        heroDeep.RoleProperty.power,
                                        heroDeep.RoleProperty.nimble,
                                        heroDeep.RoleProperty.intelligence));
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("复制英雄名称：" + heroNewDeep.Name);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("复制英雄级别：" + heroNewDeep.Level);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult(String.Format("复制英雄属性---力量:{0},敏捷{1},智力{2}",
                                        heroNewDeep.RoleProperty.power,
                                        heroNewDeep.RoleProperty.nimble,
                                        heroNewDeep.RoleProperty.intelligence));
            //深拷贝
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("深拷贝:序列化");
            DotaPatternLibrary.Protype.HeroForSerializable heroSerializable = new DotaPatternLibrary.Protype.Puck();
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("英雄名称：" + heroSerializable.Name);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("英雄级别：" + heroSerializable.Level);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult(String.Format("英雄属性---力量:{0},敏捷{1},智力{2}",
                                        heroSerializable.RoleProperty.power,
                                        heroSerializable.RoleProperty.nimble,
                                        heroSerializable.RoleProperty.intelligence));
            DotaPatternLibrary.Protype.HeroForSerializable heroNewSerializable = heroSerializable.Clone() as DotaPatternLibrary.Protype.HeroForSerializable;
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("复制英雄名称：" + heroNewSerializable.Name);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("复制英雄级别：" + heroNewSerializable.Level);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult(String.Format("复制英雄属性---力量:{0},敏捷{1},智力{2}",
                                        heroNewSerializable.RoleProperty.power,
                                        heroNewSerializable.RoleProperty.nimble,
                                        heroNewSerializable.RoleProperty.intelligence));

            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("升级==>");

            heroSerializable.Level += 1;
            heroSerializable.RoleProperty.power += 1.9m;
            heroSerializable.RoleProperty.nimble += 3.2m;
            heroSerializable.RoleProperty.intelligence += 1.75m;
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("英雄名称：" + heroSerializable.Name);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("英雄级别：" + heroSerializable.Level);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult(String.Format("英雄属性---力量:{0},敏捷{1},智力{2}",
                                        heroSerializable.RoleProperty.power,
                                        heroSerializable.RoleProperty.nimble,
                                        heroSerializable.RoleProperty.intelligence));
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("复制英雄名称：" + heroNewSerializable.Name);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult("复制英雄级别：" + heroNewSerializable.Level);
            LandpyForm.Form.OutputResult(String.Format("复制英雄属性---力量:{0},敏捷{1},智力{2}",
                                        heroNewSerializable.RoleProperty.power,
                                        heroNewSerializable.RoleProperty.nimble,
                                        heroNewSerializable.RoleProperty.intelligence));

完整代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.IO;

using DotaCommon;

namespace DotaPatternLibrary.Protype
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 角色属性
    /// </summary>
    [Serializable]
    public class RoleProperty
    {
        public decimal power;
        public decimal nimble;
        public decimal intelligence;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 英雄
    /// </summary>
    public abstract class Hero : ICloneable
    {
        protected int _level;
        protected string _name;
        protected RoleProperty _roleProperty;

        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }

        public RoleProperty RoleProperty
        {
            get { return _roleProperty; }
            set { _roleProperty = value; }
        }


        public int Level
        {
            get { return _level; }
            set { _level = value; }
        }

        public object Clone()
        {
            return this.MemberwiseClone();
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 英雄
    /// </summary>
    public abstract class HeroForDeepCopy : ICloneable
    {
        protected int _level;
        protected string _name;
        protected RoleProperty _roleProperty;

        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }
        public RoleProperty RoleProperty
        {
            get { return _roleProperty; }
            set { _roleProperty = value; }
        }
        public int Level
        {
            get { return _level; }
            set { _level = value; }
        }

        public abstract object Clone();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 英雄
    /// </summary>
    [Serializable]
    public abstract class HeroForSerializable : ICloneable
    {
        protected int _level;
        protected string _name;
        protected RoleProperty _roleProperty;

        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }
        public RoleProperty RoleProperty
        {
            get { return _roleProperty; }
            set { _roleProperty = value; }
        }
        public int Level
        {
            get { return _level; }
            set { _level = value; }
        }

        public object Clone()
        {
            object returnValue = null;
            using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream())
            {
                IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
                formatter.Serialize(memoryStream, this);
                memoryStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                returnValue = formatter.Deserialize(memoryStream);
            }
            return returnValue;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 灵魂守卫
    /// </summary>
    public class Terrorblade : Hero
    {
        public Terrorblade()
        {
            this._level = 1;
            this._name = "灵魂守卫(Terrorblade)";
            RoleProperty roleProperty = new RoleProperty();
            roleProperty.power = 15;
            roleProperty.nimble = 22;
            roleProperty.intelligence = 15;
            this._roleProperty = roleProperty;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 德鲁伊
    /// </summary>
    public class Syllabear : HeroForDeepCopy
    {
        public Syllabear()
        {
            this._level = 1;
            this._name = "德鲁伊(Syllabear)";
            RoleProperty roleProperty = new RoleProperty();
            roleProperty.power = 17;
            roleProperty.nimble = 24;
            roleProperty.intelligence = 13;
            this._roleProperty = roleProperty;
        }

        public override object Clone()
        {
            Syllabear syllabear = new Syllabear();
            syllabear.Name = Name;
            syllabear.Level = Level;
            RoleProperty roleProperty = new RoleProperty();
            roleProperty.intelligence = RoleProperty.intelligence;
            roleProperty.nimble = RoleProperty.nimble;
            roleProperty.power = RoleProperty.power;
            syllabear.RoleProperty = roleProperty;
            return syllabear;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 精灵龙
    /// </summary>
    [Serializable]
    public class Puck : HeroForSerializable
    {
        public Puck()
        {
            this._level = 1;
            this._name = "精灵龙(Puck)";
            RoleProperty roleProperty = new RoleProperty();
            roleProperty.power = 15;
            roleProperty.nimble = 22;
            roleProperty.intelligence = 25;
            this._roleProperty = roleProperty;
        }
    }
}