• fstream 存取文件以及get()和getline()的区别


    取自C++编程思想的源码
    require.h 一些小的内联函数
       1:  #ifndef REQUIRE_H
       2:  #define REQUIRE_H
       3:  #include <cstdio>
       4:  #include <cstdlib>
       5:  #include <fstream>
       6:   
       7:  inline void require(bool requirement, 
       8:    const char* msg = "Requirement failed") {
       9:    using namespace std;
      10:    if (!requirement) {
      11:      fputs(msg, stderr);
      12:      fputs("
    ", stderr);
      13:      exit(1);
      14:    }
      15:  }
      16:   
      17:  inline void requireArgs(int argc, int args, 
      18:    const char* msg = "Must use %d arguments") {
      19:    using namespace std;
      20:     if (argc != args + 1) {
      21:       fprintf(stderr, msg, args);
      22:       fputs("
    ", stderr);
      23:       exit(1);
      24:     }
      25:  }
      26:   
      27:  inline void requireMinArgs(int argc, int minArgs,
      28:    const char* msg = 
      29:      "Must use at least %d arguments") {
      30:    using namespace std;
      31:    if(argc < minArgs + 1) {
      32:      fprintf(stderr, msg, minArgs);
      33:      fputs("
    ", stderr);
      34:      exit(1);
      35:    }
      36:  }
      37:    
      38:  inline void assure(std::ifstream& in, 
      39:    const char* filename = "") {
      40:    using namespace std;
      41:    if(!in) {
      42:      fprintf(stderr,
      43:        "Could not open file %s
    ", filename);
      44:      exit(1);
      45:    }
      46:  }
      47:   
      48:  inline void assure(std::ofstream& in, 
      49:    const char* filename = "") {
      50:    using namespace std;
      51:    if(!in) {
      52:      fprintf(stderr,
      53:        "Could not open file %s
    ", filename);
      54:      exit(1);
      55:    }
      56:  }

    每次创建ifstream和ofstream都会有assure()函数来确保文件成功打开。

    get()或者读取sz-1个字符或者遇到文件为’ ’然后在buf尾部加0终结符。get()会把文件内遇到终结符留在输入流中,所以需要使用get()将终结符扔掉。也可以使用ignore()函数来做这个事情,第一个参数是要扔掉的字符数,默认为1,第二个参数是要扔掉的字符,默认是EOF。

    getline()函数自动把输入流中的’ ’取消掉了。所以下次可以直接读取输入流中的数据,一般使用geiline().

    get和getline都在读取后在buf的尾部加了一个字符串结尾终结符‘0’。

       1:  #include "../require.h"
       2:  #include <fstream>  
       3:  #include <iostream>
       4:  using namespace std;
       5:   
       6:  int main() {
       7:    const int sz = 100; // Buffer size;
       8:    char buf[sz];
       9:    {
      10:      ifstream in("Strfile.cpp"); // Read
      11:      assure(in, "Strfile.cpp"); // Verify open
      12:      ofstream out("Strfile.out"); // Write
      13:      assure(out, "Strfile.out");
      14:      int i = 1; // Line counter
      15:   
      16:      // A less-convenient approach for line input:
      17:      while(in.get(buf, sz)) { // Leaves 
     in input
      18:        in.get(); // Throw away next character (
    )
      19:        cout << buf << endl; // Must add 
    
      20:        // File output just like standard I/O:
      21:        out << i++ << ": " << buf << endl;
      22:      }
      23:    } // Destructors close in & out
      24:   
      25:    ifstream in("Strfile.out");
      26:    assure(in, "Strfile.out");
      27:    // More convenient line input:
      28:    while(in.getline(buf, sz)) { // Removes 
    
      29:      char* cp = buf;
      30:      while(*cp != ':')
      31:        cp++;
      32:      cp += 2; // Past ": "
      33:      cout << cp << endl; // Must still add 
    
      34:    }
      35:  } ///:~
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/pang1567/p/3990058.html
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