MySQL 第一篇

一、MySQL介绍

MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典MySQL AB公司开发，目前属于Oracle公司。MySQL是一种关联数据库管理系统，关联数据库将数据保存在不同的表中，而不是将所有数据放在一个大仓库内，这样就增加了速度并提高了灵活性

特点：

性能卓越，服务稳定，很少出现宕机

开放源代码且无版权制约，自主性强，使用成本低

支持多操作系统，提供多种API接口，支持多种开发语言(Python,Php,Java等)

二、MySQL安装方式

1．yum安装 (适合对数据库要求不太高的场合)

大的门户网站把源码根据企业需求制作成rpm，搭建yum仓库

2．常规方式编译安装

.configure/make/make install (mysql 5.1及以前)

cmake /make /make install

序号	MySQL安装方式	特点说明
1	yum/rpm安装	简单，部署速度快，但是没法定制安装，适合新手
2	二进制安装	解压软件，简单配置后就可以使用，不用安装，部署速度较快，专业DBA常用这种方式，软件名如：mysql-5.5.50-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
3	源码编译安装	可以定制安装(指定字符集，安装路径等)，但是安装时间长
4	源码软件结合yum/rpm安装	把源码软件制作成符合要求的rpm,放到yum仓库，然后通过yum来安装，结合了1和3的优点，安装快速，可以任意定制参数

三、MySQL安装实战(源码cmake方式编译安装MySQL)

1．下载mysql/cmake安装包

[root@master ~]# mkdir /home/tools
[root@master ~]# wget –P /home/tools https://cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.12.tar.gz
[root@master ~]# wget -P /home/tools/ http://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.50.tar.gz

2．建立账号

[root@master ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@master ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql
useradd参数说明：
   -s /sbin/nologin        # 表示禁止该用户登录，只需角色存在即可，加强安全
   -g mysql                # 指定属组
   -M                      # 表示不创建用户家目录

3．配置安装环境

创建目录并授权

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /db/mysql
[root@master ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@master ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /db

安装依赖

[root@master ~]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ make cmake ncurses-devel bison perl -y

配置解析

[root@master ~]# hostname
master.opsedu.com
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.10.66   master        # 添加一条

4．安装mysql

[root@master tools]# tar -zxf mysql-5.5.50.tar.gz
[root@master tools]# cd mysql-5.5.50
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# cmake 
> -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/ 
> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/db/mysql 
> -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 
> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 
> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci 
> -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all 
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON 
> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
> -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
> -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
> -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
> -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 
> -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 
> -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled 
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 
> -DWITH_READLINE=1 
> -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 
> -DWITH_DEBUG=0 
> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# make          # 编译
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# make install

5．初始化mysql

配置mysql环境变量

[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# source /etc/profile

查看配置文件

[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# ll support-files/*.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4667 Jul9 01:26 support-files/my-huge.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19759 Jul  9 01:26 support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4641 Jul9 01:26 support-files/my-large.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4652 Jul9 01:26 support-files/my-medium.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2816 Jul9 01:26 support-files/my-small.cnf
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# /bin/cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf          # copy配置文件

创建mysql数据库文件

[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/db/mysql --user=mysql

以上命令主要是生成mysql库及相关文件：

这些文件是mysql正确运行所必需的基本数据库文件，其功能是对mysql权限、状态等进行管理

启动mysql

[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# netstat -lnt|grep 3306
tcp        0  0 0.0.0.0:3306          0.0.0.0:*             LISTEN

配置mysql开机启动

[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# chkconfig mysqld on

初始化遇见错误

示例1:

WARING:The host ‘mysql’ could not be locked up with resolveip

需要修改主机名的解析，使其和usernae –n一样

示例2:

ERROR:1004 Can’t create file ‘/tmp/#sql300e_1_0.frm’(errno:13)

原因是/tmp权限有问题(不解决，后面可能无法登陆数据库)

6．后续操作

[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# mysql       # mysql安装好后，默认没有密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.50 Source distribution
  
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
  
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
 
# 为mysql增加(设定)密码
[root@master mysql-5.5.50]# mysqladmin -uroot password 'q.123456'

7. 单实例MySQL自动部署脚本

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

#!/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
'''
MySQL部署py
'''
 
import os, sys, subprocess
import time, datetime
import socket
import shutil
 
 
class MySQL_init:
    '''
    MySQL编译安装py
    '''
 
    def __init__(self):
        self.url = 'ftp://xxx:xxx@x.x.x.x:port/mysql'           # mysql的编译参数，写入到文件中，放在ftp上
        self.ret = []
        self.compile = []
        self.count = 0
        self.status = ' '
 
    @staticmethod
    def get_local_ip():
        '''
        获取服务器IP，如果有公网地址就取公网IP，没有公网地址就取私网IP
        :return:
        '''
        try:
            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
            sock.connect(('8.8.8.8', 80))
            (addr, port) = sock.getsockname()
            sock.close()
            return addr
        except socket.error:
            return "127.0.0.1"
 
    def install_check(self):
        '''
        检查命令是否执行成功
        :return: True:成功 False:失败(每个方法最后统一检查)
        '''
        for i in self.ret:
            self.count += i
        if self.count == 0:
            print('#INFO ==================== 33[1;32mThe command execution success.33[0m ====================')
            time.sleep(3)
            return True
        else:
            print('#INFO ==================== 33[1;31mThe command execution failed.33[0m ====================')
            time.sleep(3)
            return False
 
 
    def install_cmd(self, arg):
        '''
        收集shell命令执行结果
        :param arg: 命令字符串
        :return: 返回执行状态
        '''
        val = subprocess.call(arg, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.ret.append(val)
        return val
 
 
    def MySQL_download(self):
        '''
        下载安装包
        :return:False:下载执行失败
        '''
        print '#INFO ==================== 33[1;33mBegan to download MySQL installation package33[0m ===================='
        time.sleep(3)
        try:
            os.makedirs('/home/tools')
        except OSError as e:
            pass
        os.chdir('/home/tools')
        self.install_cmd('wget -c %s/mysql-5.5.50.tar.gz' % self.url)
        if self.install_check() == False:
            return False
 
 
    def MySQL_add_acc(self):
        '''
        添加账号
        :return:True:账号已存在 False:账号添加失败
        '''
        print '#INFO ==================== 33[1;33mBegin creating MySQL account33[0m ===================='
        time.sleep(3)
        self.acc = raw_input('请输入要创建账号名:').strip()
        self.status = subprocess.call('id %s > /dev/null 2>1' %self.acc,shell=True)
        if self.status == 0:
            print('#INFO ==================== 33[1;32mThe command execution success.33[0m ====================')
            time.sleep(3)
            return True
        else:
            self.install_cmd('groupadd {user} && useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g {user} -M {user}'.format(user=self.acc))
            if self.install_check() == False:
                return False
 
 
 
    def MySQL_conf_env(self):
        '''
        配置mysql安装环境
        :return:
        '''
        print '#INFO ==================== 33[1;33mStart configuring the MySQL installation environment33[0m ===================='
        time.sleep(3)
        self.install_path = raw_input('请输入一个不存在的目录(安装目录):').strip()
        self.data_path = raw_input('请输入一个不存在的目录(数据存放目录):').strip()
        if os.path.isdir(self.install_path) and os.path.isdir(self.data_path):
            pass
        else:
            try:
                os.makedirs(self.install_path)
                os.makedirs(self.data_path)
            except OSError as e:
                pass
        self.install_cmd('chown -R {user}.{user} {path1} {path2}'.format(user=self.acc, path1=self.install_path,path2=self.data_path))
        ret = subprocess.call('yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make cmake ncurses-devel bison perl', shell=True)
        if self.install_check() == True and ret == 0:
            pass
        else:
            return False
        self.hostname = socket.getfqdn(socket.gethostname())
        # self.ip = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname())      # 不知怎么回事，不同linux OS,有时可以获取到IP，有时会报‘socket.gaierror’错误
        self.ip = MySQL_init.get_local_ip()
        with open('/etc/hosts', 'a') as f:
            f.write('
{ip}	{hostname}'.format(ip=self.ip, hostname=self.hostname))
 
 
 
    def MySQL_install(self):
        '''
        安装MySQL
        :return:
        '''
        print '#INFO ==================== 33[1;33mStart installing MySQL33[0m ===================='
        time.sleep(3)
        os.chdir('/home/tools')
        self.install_cmd('tar zxf mysql-5.5.50.tar.gz')
        os.chdir('mysql-5.5.50')
        self.install_cmd('wget -c {url}/compile.conf'.format(url=self.url))
        with open('compile.conf', 'r+') as f:
            for lines in f:
                self.compile.append(lines.strip())
        self.compile[0] = '-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%s' % self.install_path
        self.compile[1] = '-DMYSQL_DATADIR=%s' % self.data_path
        self.status = ' '
        self.compile = self.status.join(self.compile)
        rets = subprocess.call('cmake %s' % self.compile, shell=True)
        vals = subprocess.call('make -j 2 && make install', shell=True)
        if rets == vals == 0:
            pass
        else:
            return False
        os.remove('compile.conf')
        if self.install_check() == False:
            return False
 
    def MySQL_env_init(self):
        '''
        初始化mysql
        :return:
        '''
        print '#INFO ==================== 33[1;33mStart initialized MySQL33[0m ===================='
        time.sleep(3)
        self.install_cmd("echo 'export PATH={ins_path}/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile".format(ins_path=self.install_path))
        self.install_cmd('source /etc/profile')
        shutil.copyfile('support-files/my-small.cnf', '/etc/my.cnf')
        self.install_cmd('{path1}/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir={path1} --datadir={path2} --user={user}'.format(path1=self.install_path, path2=self.data_path, user=self.acc))
        if self.install_check() == False:
            return False
 
 
    def MySQL_boot(self):
        '''
        启动MySQL
        :return:
        '''
        print '#INFO ==================== 33[1;33mStarting MySQL...33[0m ===================='
        self.install_cmd('{path}/bin/mysqld_safe --user={user} &'.format(path=self.install_path, user=self.acc))
        print '
'
        time.sleep(5)
        rests = self.install_cmd('netstat -an | grep 3306 >/dev/null')
        if rests == 0:
            pass
        else:
            return False
        self.install_cmd('/bin/cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld')
        self.install_cmd('chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld')
        self.install_cmd('chkconfig --add mysqld && chkconfig mysqld on')
        if self.install_check() == False:
            return False
        else:
            print '#INFO 33[1;32mMySQL installation was successful.33[0m'
 
 
    def main(self):
        ret = MySQL_init()
        if ret.MySQL_download() == False:
            print '33[1;31m#INFO ==========> MySQL 安装包下载失败33[0m.'
            sys.exit(1)
        elif ret.MySQL_add_acc() == False:
            print '33[1;31m#INFO ==========> MySQL 账号创建失败33[0m.'
            sys.exit(2)
        elif ret.MySQL_conf_env() == False:
            print '33[1;31m#INFO ==========> MySQL 安装环境配置失败33[0m.'
            sys.exit(3)
        elif ret.MySQL_install() == False:
            print '33[1;31m#INFO ==========> MySQL 安装失败33[0m.'
            sys.exit(4)
        elif ret.MySQL_env_init() == False:
            print '33[1;31m#INFO ==========> MySQL 初始化失败33[0m.'
            sys.exit(4)
        elif ret.MySQL_boot() == False:
            print '33[1;31m#INFO ==========> MySQL 启动失败33[0m.'
            sys.exit(5)
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    val = MySQL_init()
    val.main()

相关阅读:
android基本控件学习-----Date&Time
android基本控件学习-----ScrollView
android基本控件学习-----SeekBar&RatingBar
android基本控件学习-----ProgressBar
android基本控件学习-----ToggleButton&Switch
android基本控件学习-----RadioButton&CheckBox
android基本控件学习-----ImageView
android基本控件学习-----Button
android基本控件学习-----EditText
android基本控件学习-----TextView
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/opsedu/p/5714039.html