• Java自定义注解(1)


    Java注解简介

    1. Java注解(Annotation)

       Java注解是附加在代码中的一些元信息,用于一些工具在编译、

       运行时进行解析和使用,起到说明、配置的功能。

       注解相关类都包含在java.lang.annotation包中。

     

    2. Java注解分类

      2.1 JDK基本注解

      2.2 JDK元注解

      2.3 自定义注解

     

     

    3. JDK基本注解

      3.1 @Override

          重写

      3.2 @Deprecated

          已过时

      3.3 @SuppressWarnings(value = "unchecked")

          压制编辑器警告

     

    Java元注解

     

    作用:元注解用于修饰其他的注解

     

    @Retention:定义注解的保留策略

     

          @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)             //注解仅存在于源码中,在class字节码文件中不包含

     

          @Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)              //默认的保留策略,注解会在class字节码文件中存在,但运行时无法获得,

     

          @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)            //注解会在class字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到

     

    @Target:指定被修饰的Annotation可以放置的位置(被修饰的目标)

     

          @Target(ElementType.TYPE)                      //接口、类

     

          @Target(ElementType.FIELD)                     //属性

     

          @Target(ElementType.METHOD)                    //方法

     

          @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)                 //方法参数

     

          @Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR)               //构造函数

     

          @Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)            //局部变量

     

          @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)           //注解

     

          @Target(ElementType.PACKAGE)                   //

     

          注:可以指定多个位置,例如:

     

    @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}),也就是此注解可以在方法和类上面使用

     

    @Inherited:指定被修饰的Annotation将具有继承性 

     

    @Documented:指定被修饰的该Annotation可以被javadoc工具提取成文档.

     

    自定义注解

     

    注解分类(根据Annotation是否包含成员变量,可以把Annotation分为两类):

     

    标记Annotation:

     

    没有成员变量的Annotation; 这种Annotation仅利用自身的存在与否来提供信息

     

    元数据Annotation:

     

        包含成员变量的Annotation; 它们可以接受(和提供)更多的元数据;

     

    如何自定义注解?

     

    使用@interface关键字, 其定义过程与定义接口非常类似, 需要注意的是:

     

       Annotation的成员变量在Annotation定义中是以无参的方法形式来声明的, 其方法名和返回值类型定义了该成员变量的名字和类型,

     

       而且我们还可以使用default关键字为这个成员变量设定默认值;

     

     

     

    注意:只有名字为value”属性,赋值时可以省略属性名

    案例一(获取类与方法上的注解值):

     

     

    package com.ssm.annotation;
    
    /**
     *  @author xyls
     *  @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     *  @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    public enum  TranscationModel {
        Read, Write, ReadWrite
    }
    

      

    package com.ssm.annotation;
    
    import java.lang.annotation.*;
    
    /**
     *  @author xyls
     *  @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     *  @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     *
     * MyAnnotation1注解可以用在类、接口、属性、方法上
     * 注解运行期也保留
     * 不可继承
     */
    @Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.FIELD,ElementType.METHOD})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Documented
    public @interface MyAnnotation1 {
        String name();
    }
    

      

    package com.ssm.annotation;
    /**
     * @author xyls
     * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    
    import java.lang.annotation.*;
    
    @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Documented
    public @interface MyAnnotation2 {
        TranscationModel model() default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
    }
    

      

    package com.ssm.annotation;
    /**
     * @author xyls
     * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    
    import java.lang.annotation.*;
    
    @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Inherited
    @Documented
    public @interface MyAnnotation3 {
        TranscationModel[] models() default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
    }
    

      

    package com.ssm.annotation;
    
    /**
     * @author xyls
     * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    @MyAnnotation1(name = "abc")
    public class Demo1 {
    
        @MyAnnotation1(name = "xyz")
        private Integer age;
    
        @MyAnnotation2(model = TranscationModel.Read)
        public void list() {
            System.out.println("list");
        }
    
        @MyAnnotation3(models = {TranscationModel.Read, TranscationModel.Write})
        public void edit() {
            System.out.println("edit");
        }
    }
    

      

    import com.ssm.annotation.*;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    /**
     * @author xyls
     * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    public class Demo1Test {
        @Test
        public void list() throws Exception {
    //        获取类上的注解
            MyAnnotation1 annotation1 = Demo1.class.getAnnotation(MyAnnotation1.class);
            System.out.println(annotation1.name());//abc
    
    //        获取方法上的注解
            MyAnnotation2 myAnnotation2 = Demo1.class.getMethod("list").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation2.class);
            System.out.println(myAnnotation2.model());//Read
    
    
        }
    
        @Test
        public void edit() throws Exception {
            MyAnnotation3 myAnnotation3 = Demo1.class.getMethod("edit").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation3.class);
            for (TranscationModel model : myAnnotation3.models()) {
                System.out.println(model);//输出Read,Write
            }
        }
    }
    

      

    案例二(获取类属性上的注解属性值)

    package com.ssm.annotation2;
    
    import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
    import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
    import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
    import java.lang.annotation.Target;
    
    /**
     * @author xyls
     * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    //@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Target(ElementType.FIELD)
    public @interface TestAnnotation {
        String value() default "默认value值";
    
        String what() default "这里是默认的what属性对应的值";
    }
    

      

    package com.ssm.annotation2;
    
    /**
     * @author xyls
     * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    public class Demo2 {
        @TestAnnotation(value = "这就是value对应的值_msg1", what = "这就是what对应的值_msg1")
        private static String msg1;
    
        @TestAnnotation("这就是value对应的值1")
        private static String msg2;
    
        @TestAnnotation(value = "这就是value对应的值2")
        private static String msg3;
    
        @TestAnnotation(what = "这就是what对应的值")
        private static String msg4;
    }
    

      

    import com.ssm.annotation2.Demo2;
    import com.ssm.annotation2.TestAnnotation;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    /**
     * @author xyls
     * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    public class Demo2Test {
        @Test
        public void test1() throws Exception {
            TestAnnotation msg1 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg1").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
            System.out.println(msg1.value());
            System.out.println(msg1.what());
        }
    
        @Test
        public void test2() throws Exception {
            TestAnnotation msg2 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg2").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
            System.out.println(msg2.value());
            System.out.println(msg2.what());
        }
    
        @Test
        public void test3() throws Exception {
            TestAnnotation msg3 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg3").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
            System.out.println(msg3.value());
            System.out.println(msg3.what());
        }
    
        @Test
        public void test4() throws Exception {
            TestAnnotation msg4 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg4").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
            System.out.println(msg4.value());
            System.out.println(msg4.what());
        }
    }
    

      

    案例三(获取参数修饰注解对应的属性值):

    package com.ssm.annotation3;
    
    import java.lang.annotation.*;
    
    
    /**
     * @author xyls
     * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    @Documented
    @Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    public @interface IsNotNull {
        boolean value() default false;
    }
    

      

    package com.ssm.annotation3;
    
    /**
     * @author xyls
     * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    public class Demo3 {
    
        public void hello1(@IsNotNull(true) String name) {
            System.out.println("hello:" + name);
        }
    
        public void hello2(@IsNotNull String name) {
            System.out.println("hello:" + name);
        }
    }
    

      

    import com.ssm.annotation3.Demo3;
    import com.ssm.annotation3.IsNotNull;
    import org.junit.Test;
    /**
     * @author xyls
     * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;
    
    public class Demo3Test {
    
        @Test
        public void hello1() throws Exception {
            Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
            for (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello1", String.class).getParameters()) {
                IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
                if (annotation != null) {
                    System.out.println(annotation.value());//true
                }
            }
        }
    
        @Test
        public void hello2() throws Exception {
            Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
            for (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello2", String.class).getParameters()) {
                IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
                if (annotation != null) {
                    System.out.println(annotation.value());//false
                }
            }
        }
    }

    Aop自定义注解的应用

    package com.ssm.AOP;
    
    import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
    import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
    import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
    import java.lang.annotation.Target;
    
    /**
       * @author xyls
       * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
       * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    public @interface MyLog {
        String desc();
    }
    

      

    package com.ssm.AOP;
    
    import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
    import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
    import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
    import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
    import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    /**
     * @author xyls
     * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    @Component
    @Aspect
    public class MyLogAspect {
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyLogAspect.class);
    
        /**
         * 只要用到了com.ssmAOP.MyLog这个注解的,就是目标类
         */
        @Pointcut("@annotation(com.ssm.AOP.MyLog)")
        private void MyValid() {
        }
    
        @Before("MyValid()")
        public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
            MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
            logger.debug("[" + signature.getName() + " : start.....]");
    
            MyLog myLog = signature.getMethod().getAnnotation(MyLog.class);
            logger.debug("【目标对象方法被调用时候产生的日志,记录到日志表中】:" + myLog.desc());
        }
    }
    

      

    package com.ssm.AOP;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    /**
     * @author xyls
     * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     * @create  2019-11-12 18:52
     */
    @Component
    public class LogController {
    
        @MyLog(desc = "这是结合spring aop知识,讲解自定义注解应用的一个案例")
        public void testLogAspect() {
            System.out.println("sout输出");
        }
    }
    

      

    import com.ssm.model.feedback;
    import com.ssm.util.PageBean;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    
    /**
     * @author xyls
     * @blog name & blog address 027@0030
     * @create  2019-11-15 9:52
     */
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
    public class SpringBaseTest {
    //protected feedback feedback;
    //protected  PageBean pageBean;
    
    //    @Before
    //    public void init(){
    //        feedback feedback=new feedback();
    //    }
    }
    

      

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/omji0030/p/11919479.html
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