版本说明：
Postgres 10.9
CentOS 7.6
1 安装必要软件
# yum groupinstall -y "Development tools" # yum install -y bison flex readline-devel zlib-devel gcc
2 获取Postgres资源并编译安装
可通过访问https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/确定所需版本，以下使用10.9版本进行安装。
# pwd /opt # wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v10.9/postgresql-10.9.tar.gz # tar xf postgresql-10.9.tar.gz # cd postgresql-10.9/ # ./configure --prefix=/opt/pg10/ （部分输出内容省略） config.status: creating GNUmakefile config.status: creating src/Makefile.global config.status: creating src/include/pg_config.h config.status: creating src/include/pg_config_ext.h config.status: creating src/interfaces/ecpg/include/ecpg_config.h config.status: linking src/backend/port/tas/dummy.s to src/backend/port/tas.s config.status: linking src/backend/port/dynloader/linux.c to src/backend/port/dynloader.c config.status: linking src/backend/port/posix_sema.c to src/backend/port/pg_sema.c config.status: linking src/backend/port/sysv_shmem.c to src/backend/port/pg_shmem.c config.status: linking src/backend/port/dynloader/linux.h to src/include/dynloader.h config.status: linking src/include/port/linux.h to src/include/pg_config_os.h config.status: linking src/makefiles/Makefile.linux to src/Makefile.port # make && make install （部分输出内容省略） make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/postgresql-10.9/src' make -C config install make[1]: Entering directory `/opt/postgresql-10.9/config' /usr/bin/mkdir -p '/opt/pg10/lib/postgresql/pgxs/config' /usr/bin/install -c -m 755 ./install-sh '/opt/pg10/lib/postgresql/pgxs/config/install-sh' /usr/bin/install -c -m 755 ./missing '/opt/pg10/lib/postgresql/pgxs/config/missing' make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/postgresql-10.9/config' PostgreSQL installation complete. # /opt/pg10/bin/postgres --version postgres (PostgreSQL) 10.9
3 创建用户
# groupadd -g 2000 postgres # useradd -g 2000 -u 2000 postgres # id postgres # uid=2000(postgres) gid=2000(postgres) groups=2000(postgres)
4 创建路径及权限修改
# mkdir -p /pgdata/10/{data,backups,scripts,archive_wals} # chown -R postgres:postgres /pgdata/10 # chown -R postgres:postgres /opt/pg10 # chmod 0700 /pgdata/10/data
5 环境变量
# su - postgres $ cat .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs export PATH export PGHOME=/opt/pg10 export PGDATA=/pgdata/10 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$PGHOME/bin $ source .bash_profile
6 初始化数据库
$ /opt/pg10/bin/initdb -D /pgdata/10/data/ -W The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8". The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8". The default text search configuration will be set to "english". Data page checksums are disabled. Enter new superuser password: Enter it again: fixing permissions on existing directory /pgdata/10/data ... ok creating subdirectories ... ok selecting default max_connections ... 100 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB selecting default timezone ... PRC selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix creating configuration files ... ok running bootstrap script ... ok performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok syncing data to disk ... ok WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb. Success. You can now start the database server using: /opt/pg10/bin/pg_ctl -D /pgdata/10/data/ -l logfile start
7 启动&关闭
--启动命令 $ pg_ctl -D /pgdata/10/data start waiting for server to start....2019-07-19 18:24:02.926 CST [31065] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432 2019-07-19 18:24:02.926 CST [31065] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432 2019-07-19 18:24:02.929 CST [31065] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432" 2019-07-19 18:24:02.943 CST [31066] LOG: database system was shut down at 2019-07-19 18:21:30 CST 2019-07-19 18:24:02.946 CST [31065] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections done server started --查看后台进程 $ ps -ef|grep postgres: postgres 31100 31098 0 18:25 ? 00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer process postgres 31101 31098 0 18:25 ? 00:00:00 postgres: writer process postgres 31102 31098 0 18:25 ? 00:00:00 postgres: wal writer process postgres 31103 31098 0 18:25 ? 00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process postgres 31104 31098 0 18:25 ? 00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process postgres 31105 31098 0 18:25 ? 00:00:00 postgres: bgworker: logical replication launcher postgres 31107 30025 0 18:25 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto postgres: --登录验证 $ /opt/pg10/bin/pg_isready -p 5432 /tmp:5432 - accepting connections $ psql -p 5432 -U postgres -d postgres psql (10.9) Type "help" for help. postgres=# q $ --关闭命令 $ pg_ctl -D /pgdata/10/data/ -ms stop
8 修改白名单
PG默认不允许远程访问数据库，可以通过修改监听地址、修改pg_hba.conf文件来实现远程访问。
--修改监听地址 将配置文件中listen_addresses的值由'localhost'修改为'listen_addresses'。 $ cp /pgdata/10/data/postgresql.conf /pgdata/10/data/postgresql.conf.bak $ grep listen /pgdata/10/data/postgresql.conf listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on; $ pg_ctl -D /pgdata/10/data/ -ms stop $ pg_ctl -D /pgdata/10/data start --修改pg_hba.conf文件 $ cp /pgdata/10/data/pg_hba.conf /pgdata/10/data/pg_hba.conf.bak $ echo "host postgres postgres 0.0.0.0/0 md5" >> /pgdata/10/data/pg_hba.conf --重新加载配置文件 $ /opt/pg10/bin/pg_ctl -D /pgdata/10/data/ reload server signaled
参考资料：
《PostgreSQL实战》-第一章
《PostgreSQL 10.1手册》-III.服务器管理-16.从源码安装
https://blog.csdn.net/helloworld_dream/article/details/81483235
https://www.cnblogs.com/tplife2019/p/10234275.html
http://www.mamicode.com/info-detail-2373348.html
Tank
2019.7.19