libpq中的命令执行函数有:PQexec,PQexecParams,PQprepare,PQprepared。
PQexec给服务器提交一条命令并且等待结果
定义:PGresult *PQexec(PGconn *conn,const char *command);
PQexec返回一个PGresult指针或者NULL。
PGresult *res; const char *command = "INSERT INTO mytable (username,weblog) VALUES ('ode','http://ode.cnblogs.com');"; res = PQexec(conn,command);
命令函数的执行结果可以由PQresultStatus来判断, PQresultErrorMessage用来捕获与PQexec查询关联的错误信息。
1 if(PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) 2 { 3 // throw exception or show error messages 4 cout << PQresultErrorMessage(res) << endl; 5 } 6 else 7 { 8 //do somthing... 9 }
也可以在命令行字符串command中包含多个执行语句,每个语句用分号隔开。PQexec中调用的多个查询,默认是在一个事务中执行的,例如下面这个例子,假设我的command语句有笔误,那么多条语句均不会执行:
command = "INSERT INTO mytable (username,weblog) VALUES ('ode','http://ode.cnblogs.com');INSERT INTO mytable (username1,weblog) VALUES ('odevincent','http://odevincent.blog.51cto.com');";
第二条语句是错误的,第一条语句也不会执行。PQresultmessage返回的错误信息为:
错误: 关系 "mytable" 的 "username1" 字段不存在
在PostgreSQL的文档中介绍:“除非在查询字串里有明确的 BEGIN/COMMIT 命令用于把整个字串分隔成多个事务。请注意这样返回的 PGresult 结构只描述字串里执行的最后一条命令的结果。”这里没有进行实验了,实际开发中如果多个事务,建议定义不同的PQexec来执行。如果是比较复杂的业务,可以考虑使用存储过程或其他方式。
查询结果信息部分比较简单,看一段示例代码:
PGresult *res; const char* strSQL = "INSERT INTO mytable (cityname,zipcode) VALUES ('SHANGHAI','200200');INSERT INTO mytable (cityname1,zipcode) VALUES ('SHANGHAI','200202');"; //res = PQexec(conn,"INSERT INTO mytable (cityname,zipcode) VALUES ('SHANGHAI','200200');"); res = PQexec(conn,strSQL); if(PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK) { cout << "command faild! PQresultStatus=" << PQresultStatus(res) << endl; // print error message cout << PQresultErrorMessage(res) << endl; } else { cout << "commit success.OID is : " << PQoidValue(res) << endl; } // important !!! PQclear(res); PGresult *res_getallrows; res_getallrows = PQexec(conn,"SELECT cityname,zipcode FROM mytable;"); if(PQresultStatus(res_getallrows) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK) { cout << "QUERY faild! PQresultStatus=" << PQresultStatus(res_getallrows) << endl; // print error message cout << PQresultErrorMessage(res_getallrows) << endl; } else { // rows count cout << "PQntuples : " << PQntuples(res_getallrows) << endl; // fields count cout << "PQnfields : " << PQnfields(res_getallrows) << endl; int fieldsCount = PQnfields(res_getallrows) ; for(int fieldIndex = 0;fieldIndex < fieldsCount;++fieldIndex) { cout << "field " << fieldIndex << " name is : " << PQfname(res_getallrows,fieldIndex) << endl; // PQfformat cout << "field " << fieldIndex << " format is : " << PQfformat(res_getallrows,fieldIndex) << endl; // PQfmod cout << "field " << fieldIndex << " mod is : " << PQfmod(res_getallrows,fieldIndex) << endl; // PQfsize cout << "field " << fieldIndex << " size is (varchar will return -1.): " << PQfsize(res_getallrows,fieldIndex) << endl; } cout << "cityname fnumber : " << PQfnumber(res_getallrows,"cityname") << endl; cout << "zipcode fnumber : " << PQfnumber(res_getallrows,"zipcode") << endl; /* *char *PQgetvalue(const PGresult *res, int row_number, int column_number); */ int row_number = 0,column_number = 0; if(!PQgetisnull(res_getallrows,row_number,column_number) ) { cout << "row" << row_number << ",column" << column_number << " value is : " << PQgetvalue(res_getallrows,row_number,column_number) << endl; } } // important !!! PQclear(res_getallrows);
到这里,已经可以用libpq完成大部分的EnterpriseDB(PostgreSQL Plus Advanced Server)数据库日常开发工作了。