• Java并发包中CountDownLatch的工作原理、使用示例


    1. CountDownLatch的介绍

    CountDownLatch是一个同步工具,它主要用线程执行之间的协作。CountDownLatch 的作用和 Thread.join() 方法类似,让一些线程阻塞直到另一些线程完成一系列操作后才被唤醒。在直接创建线程的年代(Java 5.0 之前),我们可以使用 Thread.join()。在线程池出现后,因为线程池中的线程不能直接被引用,所以就必须使用 CountDownLatch 了。

    CountDownLatch主要有两个方法,当一个或多个线程调用await方法时,这些线程会阻塞。其它线程调用countDown方法会将计数器减1(调用countDown方法的线程不会阻塞),当计数器的值变为0时,因await方法阻塞的线程会被唤醒,继续执行。

    实现原理:计数器的值由构造函数传入,并用它初始化AQS的state值。当线程调用await方法时会检查state的值是否为0,如果是就直接返回(即不会阻塞);如果不是,将表示该节点的线程入列,然后将自身阻塞。当其它线程调用countDown方法会将计数器减1,然后判断计数器的值是否为0,当它为0时,会唤醒队列中的第一个节点,由于CountDownLatch使用了AQS的共享模式,所以第一个节点被唤醒后又会唤醒第二个节点,以此类推,使得所有因await方法阻塞的线程都能被唤醒而继续执行。

    从源代码和实现原理中可以看出一个CountDownLatch对象,只能使用一次,不能重复使用。

    await方法源码

    public void await() throws InterruptedException {
        sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
    }
    
    public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
            doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg);
    }
    
    protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
        return (getState() == 0) ? 1 : -1;
    }
    

     doAcquireSharedInterruptibly 主要实现线程的入列与阻塞。

    countDown方法

    public void countDown() {
        sync.releaseShared(1);
    }
    
    public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
        if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
            doReleaseShared();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    protected boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
        // Decrement count; signal when transition to zero
        for (;;) {
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0)
                return false;
            int nextc = c-1;
            if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
                return nextc == 0;
        }
    }
    

     doReleaseShared主要实现唤醒第一个节点,第一个节点有会唤醒第二个节点,……。

     

    2. 使用示例

    package demo;
    
    import java.util.Random;
    import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
    
    public class CountDownLatchDemo {
    	
    	private CountDownLatch cdl = new CountDownLatch(2); 
    	private Random rnd = new Random();
    	
    	class FirstTask implements Runnable{
    		private String id;
    		
    		public FirstTask(String id){
    			this.id = id;
    		}
    		
    		@Override
    		public void run(){
    			System.out.println("Thread "+ id + " is start");
    			try {
    				Thread.sleep(rnd.nextInt(1000));
    			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    				e.printStackTrace();
    			}
    			System.out.println("Thread "+ id + " is over");
    			cdl.countDown();
    		}
    	}
    	
    	class SecondTask implements Runnable{
    		private String id;
    		
    		public SecondTask(String id){
    			this.id = id;
    		}
    		
    		@Override
    		public void run(){
    			try {
    				cdl.await();
    			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    				e.printStackTrace();
    			}
    			System.out.println("----------Thread "+ id + " is start");
    			try {
    				Thread.sleep(rnd.nextInt(1000));
    			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    				e.printStackTrace();
    			}
    			System.out.println("----------Thread "+ id + " is over");
    		}
    	}
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args){
    		ExecutorService es = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    		CountDownLatchDemo cdld = new CountDownLatchDemo();
    		es.submit(cdld.new SecondTask("c"));
    		es.submit(cdld.new SecondTask("d"));
    		es.submit(cdld.new FirstTask("a"));
    		es.submit(cdld.new FirstTask("b"));
    		es.shutdown();
    	}
    
    }

    这个示例中,我们创建了四个线程a、b、c、d,这四个线程几乎同时提交给了线程池。c线程和d线程会在a线程和b线程结束后开始执行。

    运行结果

    Thread a is start

    Thread b is start

    Thread b is over

    Thread a is over

    ----------Thread c is start

    ----------Thread d is start

    ----------Thread d is over

    ----------Thread c is over

     

    3. 参考内容

    [1] http://developer.51cto.com/art/201403/432095.htm

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/nullzx/p/5272807.html
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