[P5170] 类欧几里得算法

“类欧几里得算法”第二题 P5170

【题意】已知(n,a,b,c),求

[egin{aligned} f_{1}(a,b,c,n)&=sum_{i=0}^nlfloordfrac{ai+b}{c} floor\ f_{2}(a,b,c,n)&=sum_{i=0}^nlfloordfrac{ai+b}{c} floor^2\ f_{3}(a,b,c,n)&=sum_{i=0}^nlfloordfrac{ai+b}{c} floor*i\ end{aligned} ]

【预备】

设(m=lfloordfrac{a imes n+b}{c} floor, t_{1}=lfloordfrac{a}{c} floor, t_{2}=lfloordfrac{b}{c} floor)。

定义([ ext{expression}])为真值表达式。

简单的引理，当(a,b,cin Z​)时

• (alelfloordfrac{b}{c} floor Rightarrow acle b ​)。
• (a< bc Rightarrow t_{1}<b)。

【限界】a=0时直接计算。

【式一】对原式变形

[f_{1}(a,b,c,n) =sum_{i=0}^nt_{1} imes i+t_{2}+lfloordfrac{(amod c) imes i+(bmod c)}{c} floor\ =t_{1} imesdfrac{n(n+1)}{2}+t_{2} imes(n+1)+ f_{1}(amod c,bmod c,c,n) ]

当(t1=t2=0)即(a<c)且(b<c)时，

[f_{1}(a,b,c,n)= sum_{i=0}^nsum_{j=1}^m [jledfrac{ai+b}{c}] =sum_{i=0}^nsum_{j=1}^m [jlelfloordfrac{ai+b}{c} floor]\ =sum_{j=1}^msum_{i=0}^n[jlelfloordfrac{ai+b}{c} floor] =sum_{j=1}^msum_{i=0}^n[cj-ble ai] =sum_{j=1}^msum_{i=0}^n[cj-b-1< ai]\ =sum_{j=1}^msum_{i=0}^n[lfloordfrac{cj-b-1}{a} floor< i] =sum_{j=1}^m(n-lfloordfrac{cj-b-1}{a} floor)\ =mn-sum_{i=1}^mlfloordfrac{ci-b-1}{a} floor =mn-sum_{i=0}^{m-1}lfloordfrac{ci+c-b-1}{a} floor\ =mn-f_{1}(c,c-b-1,a,m-1) ]

【式二】对原式变形

[f_{2}(a,b,c,n) =sum_{i=0}^n(t_{1} imes i+t_{2}+lfloordfrac{(amod c) imes i+(bmod c)}{c} floor)^2\ =sum_{i=0}^n egin{cases} (t_{1} imes i)^2+t_{2}^2+lfloordfrac{(amod c) imes i+(bmod c)}{c} floor^2\ +2t_{1}t_{2}*i\ +2t_{1}ilfloordfrac{(amod c) imes i+(bmod c)}{c} floor\ +2t_{2}lfloordfrac{(amod c) imes i+(bmod c)}{c} floor end{cases}\ =egin{cases} t_{1}^2sum_{i=0}^ni^2+t_{2}^2*(n+1)+f_{2}(amod c,bmod c,c,n)\ +2t_{1}t_{2}sum_{i=0}^n i\ +2t_{1}f_{3}(amod c,b mod c,c,n)\ +2t_{2}f_{1}(amod c,b mod c,c,n) end{cases}\ ]

当(t1=t2=0)即(a<c)且(b<c​)时，

[f_{2}(a,b,c,d)= sum_{i=0}^nlfloordfrac{ai+b}{c} floor =sum_{i=0}^nsum_{j=1}^msum_{k=1}^m[lfloordfrac{cj-b-1}{a} floor< i ext{ and }lfloordfrac{ck-b-1}{a} floor< i]\ =sum_{i=0}^nsum_{j=1}^msum_{k=1}^m [max(lfloordfrac{cj-b-1}{a} floor,lfloordfrac{ck-b-1}{a} floor)< i]\ =sum_{j=1}^msum_{k=1}^m sum_{i=0}^n[max(lfloordfrac{cj-b-1}{a} floor,lfloordfrac{ck-b-1}{a} floor)< i]\ =sum_{j=1}^msum_{k=1}^m n-max(lfloordfrac{cj-b-1}{a} floor,lfloordfrac{ck-b-1}{a} floor)\ =nm^2-sum_{j=1}^msum_{k=1}^mmax(lfloordfrac{cj-b-1}{a} floor,lfloordfrac{ck-b-1}{a} floor)\ =nm^2-2*sum_{j=1}^mlfloordfrac{cj-b-1}{a} floor*(j-1)-sum_{j=1}^m lfloordfrac{cj-b-1}{a} floor\ =nm^2-sum_{j=0}^{m-1} lfloordfrac{cj+c-b-1}{a} floor*j-sum_{j=0}^{m-1} lfloordfrac{cj+c-b-1}{a} floor\ =nm^2-f_{1}(c,c-b-1,a,m-1)-2*f_{3}(c,c-b-1,a,m-1) ]

【式三】对原式变形

[f_{3}(a,b,c,n)=sum_{i=0}^nlfloordfrac{ai+b}{c} floor*i =sum_{i=0}^n (t_{1} imes i+t_{2}+lfloordfrac{(amod c) imes i+(bmod c)}{c} floor)*i\ =sum_{i=0}^n t_{1} imes i^2+t_{2} imes i+lfloordfrac{(amod c) imes i+(bmod c)}{c} floor imes i\ =t_{1}sum_{i=0}^ni^2+t_{2}sum_{i=0}^ni+f_{3}(amod c,bmod c,c,n) ]

当(t1=t2=0)即(a<c)且(b<c)时，定义(p(j)=lfloordfrac{cj-b-1}{a} floor)。

[f3(a,b,c,d) =sum_{i=0}^nsum_{j=1}^m [jlelfloordfrac{ai+b}{c} floor]*i =sum_{j=1}^msum_{i=0}^n[lfloordfrac{cj-b-1}{a} floor< i]*i\ =sum_{j=1}^msum_{i=p(j)+1}^ni =sum_{j=1}^m dfrac{1}{2}(p(j)+1+n)(n-p(j))\ =sum_{j=1}^m dfrac{1}{2}(n imes p(j)-p^2(j)+n-p(j)+n^2-n imes p(j))\ =sum_{j=1}^m dfrac{1}{2}(-p^2(j)+n-p(j)+n^2)\ =dfrac{-f_{2}(c,c-b-1,a,m-1)-f_{1}(c,c-b-1,a,m-1)+nm+n^2m}{2} ]

【时间复杂度】如果每个都单独搜索的话，大概因该会炸吧。。考虑到三个函数的递归模式都很**，干脆用一个结构体存下三个值。再参考第一题的分析，状态数目是(log)级别的。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long 
using namespace std;
const LL mod=998244353;
const LL I2=499122177;
const LL I6=166374059;

inline LL s1(LL n) {return I2*n%mod*(n+1)%mod;}
inline LL s2(LL n) {return I6*n%mod*(n+1)%mod*(n+n+1)%mod;}

struct node {
	LL f1,f2,f3;
	node(LL f1=0,LL f2=0,LL f3=0):f1(f1),f2(f2),f3(f3){
//		assert(0<=f1 && 0<=f2 && 0<=f3);
//		assert(f1<mod && f2<mod && f3<mod);
	} 
};
node dfs(LL a,LL b,LL c,LL n) {
	if(!a||!n) return node(
		(b/c)*(n+1)%mod,
		(b/c)*(b/c)%mod*(n+1)%mod,
		(b/c)*s1(n)%mod
	);
	if(a>=c || b>=c) {
		LL t1=a/c, t2=b/c;
		node tmp=dfs(a%c,b%c,c,n);
		return node(
			(t1*s1(n)%mod+t2*(n+1)%mod+tmp.f1)%mod,
			(t1*t1%mod*s2(n)%mod
				+t2*t2%mod*(n+1)%mod
				+tmp.f2
				+2*t1%mod*t2%mod*s1(n)%mod
				+2*t1%mod*tmp.f3%mod
				+2*t2%mod*tmp.f1%mod
			)%mod,
			(t1*s2(n)%mod+t2*s1(n)%mod+tmp.f3)%mod
		);
	} else {
		LL m=(a*n+b)/c;
		node tmp=dfs(c,c-b-1,a,m-1);
		return node(
			(n*m%mod-tmp.f1+mod)%mod,
			(n*m%mod*m%mod-tmp.f1-2*tmp.f3%mod+mod+mod)%mod,
			(n*m%mod+n*n%mod*m%mod-tmp.f1-tmp.f2+mod+mod)%mod*I2%mod
		);
	}
} 

int main() {
	int T,a,b,c,n;
	scanf("%d",&T);
	while(T--) {
		scanf("%d%d%d%d",&n,&a,&b,&c);
		node tmp=dfs(a,b,c,n);
		printf("%lld %lld %lld
",tmp.f1,tmp.f2,tmp.f3) ;
	}
	return 0;
}