urllib提供了一系列用于操作URL的功能。
Get
urllib的request
模块可以非常方便地抓取URL内容,也就是发送一个GET请求到指定的页面,然后返回HTTP的响应:
例如,对豆瓣的一个URLhttps://api.douban.com/v2/book/2129650
进行抓取,并返回响应:
1 from urllib import request 2 3 with request.urlopen('https://api.douban.com/v2/book/2129650') as f: 4 data = f.read() 5 print('Status:', f.status, f.reason) 6 for k, v in f.getheaders(): 7 print('%s: %s' % (k, v)) 8 print('Data:', data.decode('utf-8'))
可以看到HTTP响应的头和JSON数据:
Status: 200 OK
Server: nginx
Date: Tue, 26 May 2015 10:02:27 GMT
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 2049
Connection: close
Expires: Sun, 1 Jan 2006 01:00:00 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: must-revalidate, no-cache, private
X-DAE-Node: pidl1
Data: {"rating":{"max":10,"numRaters":16,"average":"7.4","min":0},"subtitle":"","author":["廖雪峰编著"],"pubdate":"2007-6","tags":[{"count":20,"name":"spring","title":"spring"}...}
如果我们要想模拟浏览器发送GET请求,就需要使用Request
对象,通过往Request
对象添加HTTP头,我们就可以把请求伪装成浏览器。例如,模拟iPhone 6去请求豆瓣首页: