文件下载需求:
1. 页面显示超链接
2. 点击超链接后弹出下载提示框
3. 完成图片文件下载
分析过程:
1. 超链接指向的资源如果能够被浏览器解析,则在浏览器中展示,如果不能解析,则弹出下载提示框。不满足需求
2. 任何资源都必须弹出下载提示框
3. 使用响应头设置资源的打开方式:
content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
步骤:
1. 定义页面,编辑超链接href属性,指向Servlet,传递资源名称filename
2. 定义Servlet
1. 获取文件名称
2. 使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
3. 指定response的响应头: content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
4. 将数据写出到response输出流
代码实现:
下载页面:
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>文件下载</title>
6 </head>
7 <body>
8
9
10 <a href="/day13/img/狐狸.jpg">图片1</a>
11
12 <a href="/day13/img/2.jpg">图片2</a>
13
14 <a href="/day13/img/1.avi">视频</a>
15 <hr>
16
17
18 <a href="/day13/downloadservlet?filename=狐狸.jpg">图片1</a>
19
20 <a href="/day13/downloadservlet?filename=2.jpg">图片2</a>
21
22 <a href="/day13/downloadservlet?filename=1.avi">视频</a>
23
24
25
26
27 </body>
28 </html>
DownLoadServlet 类
1 import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
2 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
3 import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
4 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
5 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
8 import java.io.FileInputStream;
9 import java.io.IOException;
10
11 @WebServlet("/downloadservlet")
12 public class downloadservlet extends HttpServlet {
13 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
14 //1获取请求参数,文件名称
15 String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
16
17 //2使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
18 // 2.1 找文件服务器路径
19 ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
20 String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
21
22 //2.2 使用字节流关联
23 FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
24
25 //3 设置 response 的响应头
26 // 3.1 设置响应头类型:content-type
27 String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);
28 response.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);
29 // 3.2 设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition
30
31 response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
32
33
34 // 4. 将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
35 ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
36
37 byte[] buff = new byte[1024*8];
38 int len = 0;
39
40 while((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1) {
41 sos.write(buff,0,buff.length);
42 }
43
44 // 关闭流对象
45 fis.close();
46 }
47
48 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
49 this.doPost(request, response);
50 }
51 }
上面的案例中发现,当下载的文件名字是中文的时候,下载的时候会出现乱码。
文件名中文乱码问题
解决思路:
(1)获取客户端使用的浏览器版本信息
(2)根据不同的版本信息,设置 filename 的编码方式不同
编码工具类:
使用 Base64 编码,需要导入 commons-codec-1.13.jar 包。
1 package cn.itcast.download;
2
3
4 import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
5
6 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
7 import java.net.URLEncoder;
8
9
10 public class DownLoadUtils {
11
12 public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
13 if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
14 // IE浏览器
15 filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
16 filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
17 } else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
18 Base64 base64Encoder = new Base64();
19 // 火狐浏览器
20 //BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
21 filename = "=?utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
22 } else {
23 // 其它浏览器
24 filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
25 }
26 return filename;
27 }
28 }
DownLoadServlet 类(改进):
1 package cn.itcast.download;
2
3 import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
4 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
5 import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
6 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
10 import java.io.FileInputStream;
11 import java.io.IOException;
12
13 @WebServlet("/downloadservlet")
14 public class downloadservlet extends HttpServlet {
15 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
16 //1获取请求参数,文件名称
17 String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
18
19 //2使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
20 // 2.1 找文件服务器路径
21 ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
22 String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
23
24 //2.2 使用字节流关联
25 FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
26
27 //3 设置 response 的响应头
28 // 3.1 设置响应头类型:content-type
29 String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);
30 response.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);
31 // 3.2 设置响应头打开方式:content-disposition
32
33 // 3.3 解决中文文件名问题
34 // 1 获取 user-agent 请求头
35 String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
36 // 2 使用工具类方法编码文件即可
37 filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent, filename);
38
39 response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
40
41
42 // 4. 将输入流的数据写出到输出流中
43 ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
44
45 byte[] buff = new byte[1024*8];
46 int len = 0;
47
48 while((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1) {
49 sos.write(buff,0,buff.length);
50 }
51
52 // 关闭流对象
53 fis.close();
54 }
55
56 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
57 this.doPost(request, response);
58 }
59 }