openssl生成RSA格式，并转为pkcs8格式

原文地址：http://www.thinkingquest.net/articles/391.html?utm_source=tuicool

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生成命令使用说明：

  RSA密钥生成命令
  生成RSA私钥
  openssl>genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024
  生成RSA公钥
  openssl>rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem
  将RSA私钥转换成PKCS8格式
  openssl>pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in rsa_private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt

  注意：“>”符号后面的才是需要输入的命令。

　　

openssl默认使用的是PEM格式，经过base64。

生成pem格式的私钥：
openssl genrsa -out private_key.pem 1024

生成公钥：
openssl rsa -in private_key.pem -pubout -out public_key.pem

产生的密钥如下：

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[wind@localhost key]$ cat private_key.pem -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIICXAIBAAKBgQCd3V5+GjpOwqNks9ProDGaZT2qURAAuAodHcUM3P1mnhOh4l4u VdvkXunUI7K6XDg6Xu9eL1WDQc6qKXs/OD91LS+RpkIAb2gMU8hGrNfR34izZh36 KdfWnEQpniAiFsHsg2ddAaPtGZZ8/jpjuPq32IVZJkgyKcWqnz5aL3FMXQIDAQAB AoGAJFdkvGTvTVhTYwhe3dxn7uIlmwLES1YSxfcneLmbADedz2OcSNBtKZqL+9Eo AOzf6NgYBLei2O+aUuPvwnMBcGyijFmRoZGVEj70UP0mngyAkvY/juA60QDe5kY5 rsqj4raHUf4iDK85nNwzXu7hIlPAn+ZmH+e2Eekwo1rmgQUCQQDJerucfBKk3qrV xS5NRW99lKMomIsMH55Si+rbrnk8aU3SSRSD6uil3Dytv0erLZbc9d0Nr6SmBZgO 0qzOjXDDAkEAyJVGgHMNuMbpHnim93HAP7wcejmMx7rP4zutw4OCiHrWv3kN8WUC u826taRFtOuiXhQ3X8+tb0l4ifae+vJ8XwJAEcmuKqChnMCz4G+qKNRKhZHL3dep 3wYjmjIUKBT9SyIY5sng78ybgZkyGjza/Pfna9ahD4ZESQwRYq2i6BGAtQJBAJyD bmnYXQKro0e1mYNHbV3OKOJueZ139bM35BTFT1uzjlIF4Y1U5lco5uHJduL/YsjK OZM3d/t4duggWlkyUT0CQBdsjc7eQ9roxphrW4Q/6Zwi0EQ4xxM4SgxPY1RvkKFu i0HdYBj5KRdIbrAbisUyQeKzB7+6oTJH5+kZAU/pxao= -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- [wind@localhost key]$ [wind@localhost key]$ [wind@localhost key]$ openssl rsa -in private_key.pem -pubout -out public_key.pem writing RSA key [wind@localhost key]$ cat public_key.pem -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCd3V5+GjpOwqNks9ProDGaZT2q URAAuAodHcUM3P1mnhOh4l4uVdvkXunUI7K6XDg6Xu9eL1WDQc6qKXs/OD91LS+R pkIAb2gMU8hGrNfR34izZh36KdfWnEQpniAiFsHsg2ddAaPtGZZ8/jpjuPq32IVZ JkgyKcWqnz5aL3FMXQIDAQAB -----END PUBLIC KEY-----

某些语言需要pkcs8格式的公钥。 （php就不需要了）
使用openssl将刚才生成的公钥转为pkcs#8格式：
openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out private_key_pkcs8.pem

下面附上java和php语言的加解密demo代码：
php：

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<?php $pri = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIICXAIBAAKBgQCd3V5+GjpOwqNks9ProDGaZT2qURAAuAodHcUM3P1mnhOh4l4u VdvkXunUI7K6XDg6Xu9eL1WDQc6qKXs/OD91LS+RpkIAb2gMU8hGrNfR34izZh36 KdfWnEQpniAiFsHsg2ddAaPtGZZ8/jpjuPq32IVZJkgyKcWqnz5aL3FMXQIDAQAB AoGAJFdkvGTvTVhTYwhe3dxn7uIlmwLES1YSxfcneLmbADedz2OcSNBtKZqL+9Eo AOzf6NgYBLei2O+aUuPvwnMBcGyijFmRoZGVEj70UP0mngyAkvY/juA60QDe5kY5 rsqj4raHUf4iDK85nNwzXu7hIlPAn+ZmH+e2Eekwo1rmgQUCQQDJerucfBKk3qrV xS5NRW99lKMomIsMH55Si+rbrnk8aU3SSRSD6uil3Dytv0erLZbc9d0Nr6SmBZgO 0qzOjXDDAkEAyJVGgHMNuMbpHnim93HAP7wcejmMx7rP4zutw4OCiHrWv3kN8WUC u826taRFtOuiXhQ3X8+tb0l4ifae+vJ8XwJAEcmuKqChnMCz4G+qKNRKhZHL3dep 3wYjmjIUKBT9SyIY5sng78ybgZkyGjza/Pfna9ahD4ZESQwRYq2i6BGAtQJBAJyD bmnYXQKro0e1mYNHbV3OKOJueZ139bM35BTFT1uzjlIF4Y1U5lco5uHJduL/YsjK OZM3d/t4duggWlkyUT0CQBdsjc7eQ9roxphrW4Q/6Zwi0EQ4xxM4SgxPY1RvkKFu i0HdYBj5KRdIbrAbisUyQeKzB7+6oTJH5+kZAU/pxao= -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----";   $pub = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCd3V5+GjpOwqNks9ProDGaZT2q URAAuAodHcUM3P1mnhOh4l4uVdvkXunUI7K6XDg6Xu9eL1WDQc6qKXs/OD91LS+R pkIAb2gMU8hGrNfR34izZh36KdfWnEQpniAiFsHsg2ddAaPtGZZ8/jpjuPq32IVZ JkgyKcWqnz5aL3FMXQIDAQAB -----END PUBLIC KEY-----";     $data = "message";   echo " <br/> "; openssl_public_encrypt($data, $crypted, $pub); echo base64_encode($crypted);   echo " <br/> ";   openssl_private_decrypt($crypted, $decrypted, $pri); echo $decrypted; ?>

下面是java版:

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package com.qihoo.srouter.rom;   import java.security.KeyFactory; import java.security.PublicKey;   import sun.misc.*;   import java.security.PrivateKey; import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec; import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;   import javax.crypto.Cipher;   import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;   public class TestRSA {       public static String PRIVATE_KEY = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----" + " " +             "MIICXAIBAAKBgQCd3V5+GjpOwqNks9ProDGaZT2qURAAuAodHcUM3P1mnhOh4l4u" + " " +             "VdvkXunUI7K6XDg6Xu9eL1WDQc6qKXs/OD91LS+RpkIAb2gMU8hGrNfR34izZh36" + " " +             "KdfWnEQpniAiFsHsg2ddAaPtGZZ8/jpjuPq32IVZJkgyKcWqnz5aL3FMXQIDAQAB" + " " +             "AoGAJFdkvGTvTVhTYwhe3dxn7uIlmwLES1YSxfcneLmbADedz2OcSNBtKZqL+9Eo" + " " +             "AOzf6NgYBLei2O+aUuPvwnMBcGyijFmRoZGVEj70UP0mngyAkvY/juA60QDe5kY5" + " " +             "rsqj4raHUf4iDK85nNwzXu7hIlPAn+ZmH+e2Eekwo1rmgQUCQQDJerucfBKk3qrV" + " " +             "xS5NRW99lKMomIsMH55Si+rbrnk8aU3SSRSD6uil3Dytv0erLZbc9d0Nr6SmBZgO" + " " +             "0qzOjXDDAkEAyJVGgHMNuMbpHnim93HAP7wcejmMx7rP4zutw4OCiHrWv3kN8WUC" + " " +             "u826taRFtOuiXhQ3X8+tb0l4ifae+vJ8XwJAEcmuKqChnMCz4G+qKNRKhZHL3dep" + " " +             "3wYjmjIUKBT9SyIY5sng78ybgZkyGjza/Pfna9ahD4ZESQwRYq2i6BGAtQJBAJyD" + " " +             "bmnYXQKro0e1mYNHbV3OKOJueZ139bM35BTFT1uzjlIF4Y1U5lco5uHJduL/YsjK" + " " +             "OZM3d/t4duggWlkyUT0CQBdsjc7eQ9roxphrW4Q/6Zwi0EQ4xxM4SgxPY1RvkKFu" + " " +             "i0HdYBj5KRdIbrAbisUyQeKzB7+6oTJH5+kZAU/pxao=" + " " +             "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----";           public static String PRIVATE_KEY_PKCS8 = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----" + " " +             "MIICdgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmAwggJcAgEAAoGBAJ3dXn4aOk7Co2Sz" + " " +             "0+ugMZplPapREAC4Ch0dxQzc/WaeE6HiXi5V2+Re6dQjsrpcODpe714vVYNBzqop" + " " +             "ez84P3UtL5GmQgBvaAxTyEas19HfiLNmHfop19acRCmeICIWweyDZ10Bo+0Zlnz+" + " " +             "OmO4+rfYhVkmSDIpxaqfPlovcUxdAgMBAAECgYAkV2S8ZO9NWFNjCF7d3Gfu4iWb" + " " +             "AsRLVhLF9yd4uZsAN53PY5xI0G0pmov70SgA7N/o2BgEt6LY75pS4+/CcwFwbKKM" + " " +             "WZGhkZUSPvRQ/SaeDICS9j+O4DrRAN7mRjmuyqPitodR/iIMrzmc3DNe7uEiU8Cf" + " " +             "5mYf57YR6TCjWuaBBQJBAMl6u5x8EqTeqtXFLk1Fb32UoyiYiwwfnlKL6tuueTxp" + " " +             "TdJJFIPq6KXcPK2/R6stltz13Q2vpKYFmA7SrM6NcMMCQQDIlUaAcw24xukeeKb3" + " " +             "ccA/vBx6OYzHus/jO63Dg4KIeta/eQ3xZQK7zbq1pEW066JeFDdfz61vSXiJ9p76" + " " +             "8nxfAkARya4qoKGcwLPgb6oo1EqFkcvd16nfBiOaMhQoFP1LIhjmyeDvzJuBmTIa" + " " +             "PNr89+dr1qEPhkRJDBFiraLoEYC1AkEAnINuadhdAqujR7WZg0dtXc4o4m55nXf1" + " " +             "szfkFMVPW7OOUgXhjVTmVyjm4cl24v9iyMo5kzd3+3h26CBaWTJRPQJAF2yNzt5D" + " " +             "2ujGmGtbhD/pnCLQRDjHEzhKDE9jVG+QoW6LQd1gGPkpF0husBuKxTJB4rMHv7qh" + " " +             "Mkfn6RkBT+nFqg==" + " " +             "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----";       public static String PUBLIC_KEY = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----" + " " +             "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCd3V5+GjpOwqNks9ProDGaZT2q" + " " +             "URAAuAodHcUM3P1mnhOh4l4uVdvkXunUI7K6XDg6Xu9eL1WDQc6qKXs/OD91LS+R" + " " +             "pkIAb2gMU8hGrNfR34izZh36KdfWnEQpniAiFsHsg2ddAaPtGZZ8/jpjuPq32IVZ" + " " +             "JkgyKcWqnz5aL3FMXQIDAQAB" + " " +             "-----END PUBLIC KEY-----";           public static void main(String[] args) {                   String text = "message";                   try {             String priStr = PRIVATE_KEY_PKCS8.replaceAll("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- ", "");             priStr = priStr.replaceAll("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----", "");             byte [] privateKeyBytes = new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(priStr);             PKCS8EncodedKeySpec privateKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKeyBytes);             KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");             PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(privateKeySpec);                           Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");             cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);                           byte[] crypted = cipher.doFinal(text.getBytes());                           System.out.println(new BASE64Encoder().encode(crypted));                                         //  decrypt blow.                           String pubStr = PUBLIC_KEY.replaceAll("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- ", "");             pubStr = pubStr.replaceAll("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----", "");             byte [] publicKeyBytes = new BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(pubStr);             X509EncodedKeySpec  pubKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKeyBytes);             keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");             PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(pubKeySpec);                           cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");             cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);                           byte[] bytes = cipher.doFinal(crypted);             System.out.println(new String(bytes, "ISO-8859-1"));                                     } catch (Exception e) {             e.printStackTrace();         }               }   }   需要注意的是，java的代码中的private key必须使用pkcs#8格式的。 java加密  php解密 也是没问题的。