MAN RPM

RPM(8)   Red Hat Linux   RPM(8)

NAME/名称
       rpm - RPM Package Manager/RPM-RPM包管理器
SYNOPSIS/简介
 QUERYING AND VERIFYING PACKAGES:/查询和验证包：
 rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
 rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]/RPM-V--验证[选择选项][验证选项]
 rpm --import PUBKEY .../rpm——导入pubkey…
 rpm {-K|--checksig} [--nosignature] [--nodigest]PACKAGE_FILE .../包装_文件
 INSTALLING, UPGRADING, AND REMOVING PACKAGES:/安装、升级和删除程序包：
 rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE .../安装选项包装文件
 rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options]PACKAGE_FILE .../RPM-U--升级[安装选项]软件包_文件…
 
RPM(8)   Red Hat Linux   RPM(8)
NAME/名称
       rpm - RPM Package Manager/RPM-RPM包管理器
 QUERYING AND VERIFYING PACKAGES:/查询和验证包：
 rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
 rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]/RPM-V--验证[选择选项][验证选项]
 rpm --import PUBKEY .../rpm——导入pubkey…
 rpm {-K|--checksig} [--nosignature] [--nodigest]PACKAGE_FILE .../包装_文件
 INSTALLING, UPGRADING, AND REMOVING PACKAGES:/安装、升级和删除程序包：
 rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE .../安装选项包装文件
 rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options]PACKAGE_FILE .../RPM-U--升级[安装选项]软件包_文件…
 rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options]PACKAGE_FILE .../文件包{install-options}  
 rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--repackage] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME .../
 rpm-e--erase[--allmatches][--nodeps][--noscripts][--notriggers][--repackage][--test]包名称…  
MISCELLANEOUS:/杂项：
 rpm {--initdb|--rebuilddb}
 rpm {--addsign|--resign} PACKAGE_FILE .../封装_文件
 rpm {--querytags|--showrc}
 rpm {--setperms|--setugids} PACKAGE_NAME .../封装_名字
select-options/选择选项
    [PACKAGE_NAME] [-a,--all] [-f,--file FILE]/[包名称][-a，--全部][-f，-文件文件]
    [-g,--group GROUP] {-p,--package PACKAGE_FILE]/[-g，--group group][-p，--package package_文件]
    [--fileid MD5] [--hdrid SHA1] [--pkgid MD5] [--tid TID]/[--fileid md5][--hdrid sha1][--pkgid md5][--tid tid]
    [--querybynumber HDRNUM] [--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME]/[--querybynumber hdrnum][--triggeredby包名称]
    [--whatprovides CAPABILITY] [--whatrequires CAPABILITY]/[--WhatProvides 功能][--WhatRequires 功能]
query-options/查询-选项
        [--changelog] [-c,--configfiles] [-d,--docfiles] [--dump]
        [--filesbypkg] [-i,--info] [--last] [-l,--list]
        [--provides] [--qf,--queryformat QUERYFMT]
        [-R,--requires] [--scripts] [-s,--state]
        [--triggers,--triggerscripts]
verify-options/验证选项
        [--nodeps] [--nofiles] [--noscripts]
        [--nodigest] [--nosignature]
        [--nolinkto] [--nomd5] [--nosize] [--nouser]
        [--nogroup] [--nomtime] [--nomode] [--nordev]
install-options/安装选项
        [--aid] [--allfiles] [--badreloc] [--excludepathOLDPATH]
        [--excludedocs] [--force] [-h,--hash]
        [--ignoresize] [--ignorearch] [--ignoreos]
        [--includedocs] [--justdb] [--nodeps]
        [--nodigest] [--nosignature] [--nosuggest]
        [--noorder] [--noscripts] [--notriggers]
        [--oldpackage] [--percent] [--prefix NEWPATH]
        [--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH]/[--重定位 旧路径=新路径]
        [--repackage] [--replacefiles] [--replacepkgs]/[--重新打包][--重新打包文件][--重新打包文件]
        [--test]/[试验]
DESCRIPTION/描述
       rpm  is  a  powerful  Package  Manager, which can be used to build, install,
       query, verify, update, and erase individual software  packages.   A  package
       consists  of an archive of files and meta-data used to install and erase the
       archive files. The meta-data includes helper scripts, file  attributes,  and
       descriptive  information about the package.  Packages come in two varieties:
       binary packages, used to encapsulate software to be  installed,  and  source
       packages,  containing the source code and recipe necessary to produce binary
       packages.

       One of the following basic modes must be selected: Query, Verify,  Signature
       Check,  Install/Upgrade/Freshen,  Uninstall,  Initialize  Database,  Rebuild
       Database, Resign, Add Signature, Set Owners/Groups, Show Querytags, and Show
       Configuration.  
    RPM是一个功能强大的包管理器，可用于构建、安装、查询、验证、更新和删除单个软件包。
    一个包由一个文件和元数据的存档组成，用于安装和删除存档文件。
    元数据包括助手脚本、文件属性和关于包的描述性信息。
    软件包有两种类型：用于封装要安装的软件的二进制软件包和包含生成二进制软件包所需的源代码和配方的源软件包。
   
    必须选择以下基本模式之一：查询、验证、签名检查、安装/升级/刷新、卸载、
    初始化数据库、重建数据库、辞职、添加签名、设置所有者/组、显示查询标记和显示配置。
GENERAL OPTIONS/一般选项
       These options can be used in all the different modes./这些选项可用于所有不同的模式。
    -?, --help
              Print a longer usage message then normal./打印较长的使用信息，然后打印普通信息。
    --version/-版本
              Print  a single line containing the version number of rpm being used./打印包含正在使用的RPM版本号的单行。
    --quiet
              Print as little as possible - normally only error  messages  will  be
              displayed./尽可能少地打印-通常只显示错误消息。
    -v     Print  verbose  information - normally routine progress messages will be displayed./打印详细信息-通常会显示常规进度消息。
    -vv    Print lots of ugly debugging information./打印许多难看的调试信息。
    --rcfile FILELIST/文件列表
              Each of the files in the colon separated  FILELIST  is  read  sequen-
              tially  by rpm for configuration information.  Only the first file in
              the list must exist, and tildes will be  expanded  to  the  value  of
              $HOME.   The default FILELIST is /usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc:/usr/lib/rpm/red-
              hat/rpmrc:/etc/rpmrc:~/.rpmrc.
    --rcfile 文件列表
           以冒号分隔的文件列表中的每个文件由RPM按顺序读取，以获取配置信息。
     只有列表中的第一个文件必须存在，tildes将扩展到$home的值。
     默认文件列表为/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc:/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/rpmrc:/etc/rpmrc：~/.rpmrc。
    --pipe CMD/管道 CMD
     Pipes the output of rpm to the command CMD./将RPM的输出传输到命令.
    --dbpath DIRECTORY/--dbpath目录
              Use  the  database  in  DIRECTORY  rather  than  the   default   path /var/lib/rpm/使用目录中的数据库，而不是默认路径/var/lib/rpm
    --root DIRECTORY/根目录
              Use  the  file  system  tree  rooted at DIRECTORY for all operations.
              Note that this means the database within DIRECTORY will be  used  for
              dependency checks and any scriptlet(s) (e.g.  %post if installing, or
              %prep if building, a package) will be run after a chroot(2) to DIRECTORY.  
     对于所有操作，请使用目录下的文件系统树。
     请注意，这意味着目录中的数据库将用于依赖项检查，
     并且任何脚本（例如，如果安装，则为%post，如果生成包，则为%prep）将在chroot（2）to目录之后运行。
 INSTALL AND UPGRADE OPTIONS/安装和升级选项
     The general form of an rpm install command is
     rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
              This installs a new package.
     RPM安装命令的一般形式是             
     rpm-i--install[install options]包文件…             
     这将安装一个新包。
     The general form of an rpm upgrade command is/RPM升级命令的一般形式是
     rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE .../RPM-U--升级[安装选项]软件包_文件…
     This  upgrades  or  installs the package currently installed to a newer version. 
     This is the same as install, except all other version(s) of the package are
     removed after the new package is installed.
     这将升级或安装当前安装到较新版本的软件包。
     这与Install相同，只是在安装新软件包后删除了该软件包的所有其他版本。
     rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE .../文件包{install-options}
     This will upgrade packages, but only if an earlier version currently exists.
     The PACKAGE_FILE may be specified as an ftp or http URL, in which  case  the
     package  will be downloaded before being installed. See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS for
     information on rpm?. internal ftp and http client support.
     这将升级包，但仅当当前存在早期版本时。包文件可以指定为FTP或HTTP URL，
     在这种情况下，包将在安装之前下载。有关RPM的信息，请参阅ftp/http选项？.内部FTP和HTTP客户端支持。
     --aid  Add suggested packages to the transaction set when needed./--援助  在需要时向事务集添加建议的包。
     --allfiles
              Installs or upgrades all the missingok files in the package,  regardless if they exist.
     --所有档案             
     安装或升级包中的所有Missingok文件，无论它们是否存在。
   --badreloc
              Used  with --relocate, permit relocations on all file paths, not just
              those OLDPATH?. included in the binary package relocation hint(s). 
     与--relocate一起使用，允许在所有文件路径上重新定位，而不仅仅是那些旧路径？.
           包含在二进制包重定位提示中。
   --excludepath OLDPATH  /  排除路径旧路径
              Don?. install files whose name begins with OLDPATH./安装名称以oldpath开头的文件。
   --excludedocs/excludedocs安装包
              Don?. install any files which  are  marked  as  documentation  (which
              includes man pages and texinfo documents).
     安装标记为文档的任何文件（包括手册页和Texinfo文档）。
   --force / 强制
              Same as using --replacepkgs, --replacefiles, and --oldpackage.
     与使用--replacepkgs、--replacefiles和--oldpackage相同。
   -h, --hash
              Print  50  hash  marks  as the package archive is unpacked.  Use with
              -v|--verbose for a nicer display.
     打开包存档时打印50个散列标记。与-v--verbose一起使用可以获得更好的显示效果。
   --ignoresize/忽略
              Don?. check mount file  systems  for  sufficient  disk  space  before installing this package./安装此包之前，请检查装载文件系统是否有足够的磁盘空间。
   --ignorearch 
     Allow  installation  or  upgrading  even  if the architectures of the binary package and host don?. match.
     允许安装或升级，即使二进制包和主机的体系结构 
   --ignoreos
              Allow installation or upgrading even if the operating systems of  the
              binary package and host don?. match.  /安装或升级允许即使在操作系统的二进制包和主机
   --includedocs
              Install documentation files. This is the default behavior./Install documentation files.这是错误的行为。
   --justdb
              Update only the database, not the filesystem.

   --nodigest
              Don?. verify package or header digests when reading.

   --nosignature
              Don?. verify package or header signatures when reading.

   --nodeps
              Don?. do a dependency check before installing or upgrading a package.

   --nosuggest
              Don?. suggest package(s) that provide a missing dependency.

   --noorder
              Don?. reorder the packages for an install. The list of packages would
              normally be reordered to satisfy dependencies.
   --noscripts

   --nopre

   --nopost

   --nopreun

   --nopostun 
     Don?. execute the scriptlet of the same name.  The --noscripts option
              is equivalent to

              --nopre --nopost --nopreun --nopostun

              and turns off the execution of the corresponding %pre, %post, %preun,
              and %postun scriptlet(s).

       --notriggers

       --notriggerin

       --notriggerun

       --notriggerpostun
              Don?. execute any trigger scriptlet of the named type.  The --notrig-
              gers option is equivalent to

              --notriggerin --notriggerun --notriggerpostun

              and turns off execution of the corresponding %triggerin,  %triggerun,
              and %triggerpostun scriptlet(s).

       --oldpackage
              Allow an upgrade to replace a newer package with an older one.

       --percent
              Print  percentages  as  files  are unpacked from the package archive.
              This is intended to make rpm easy to run from other tools.

       --prefix NEWPATH
              For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that  start
              with  the  installation  prefix  in the package relocation hint(s) to
              NEWPATH.

       --relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH
              For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that  start
              with  OLDPATH  in  the  package  relocation hint(s) to NEWPATH.  This
              option can be used repeatedly if several OLDPATH?. in the package are
              to be relocated.

       --repackage
              Re-package the files before erasing. The previously installed package
              will be named according to the macro %_repackage_name_fmt and will be
              created  in the directory named by the macro %_repackage_dir (default
              value is /var/spool/repackage).

       --replacefiles
              Install the packages even if they replace files from  other,  already
              installed, packages.

       --replacepkgs
              Install  the  packages  even if some of them are already installed on
              this system.

       --test Do not install the package, simply check  for  and  report  potential
              conflicts.
 QUERY OPTIONS
       The general form of an rpm query command is

       rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]

       You may specify the format that package information should be printed in. To
       do this, you use the

        --qf|--queryformat QUERYFMT

       option, followed by the QUERYFMT format string.  Query formats are  modified
       versions  of  the  standard  printf(3)  formatting. The format is made up of
       static strings (which may include standard C character escapes for newlines,
       tabs,  and  other special characters) and printf(3) type formatters.  As rpm
       already knows the type to print, the type specifier must be omitted however,
       and  replaced  by  the  name of the header tag to be printed, enclosed by {}
       characters. Tag names are case insensitive, and the leading RPMTAG_  portion
       of the tag name may be omitted as well.
    选项，后跟queryfmt格式字符串。查询格式是标准printf（3）格式的修改版本。
    格式由静态字符串（可能包括换行符、制表符和其他特殊字符的标准C字符转义）
    和printf（3）类型的格式设置工具组成。由于RPM已经知道要打印的类型，
    但是必须省略类型说明符，并用要打印的头标记的名称替换，用字符括起来。
    标记名不区分大小写，标记名的前导rpmtag_u部分也可以省略。

       Alternate  output  formats may be requested by following the tag with :type-
       tag.  Currently, the following types are supported:

       :armor  Wrap a public key in ASCII armor.

       :base64
              Encode binary data using base64.

       :date  Use strftime(3) "%c" format.

       :day   Use strftime(3) "%a %b %d %Y" format.

       :depflags
              Format dependency flags.

       :fflags
              Format file flags.

       :hex   Format in hexadecimal.

       :octal Format in octal.

       :perms Format file permissions.

       :shescape
              Escape single quotes for use in a script.

       :triggertype
              Display trigger suffix.

       For example, to print only the names of the packages queried, you could  use
       %{NAME}  as  the format string.  To print the packages name and distribution
       information in two columns, you could  use  %-30{NAME}%{DISTRIBUTION}.   rpm
       will  print a list of all of the tags it knows about when it is invoked with
       the --querytags argument.

       There are two subsets of options for querying: package selection, and infor-
       mation selection.

   PACKAGE SELECTION OPTIONS:
       PACKAGE_NAME
              Query installed package named PACKAGE_NAME.

       -a, --all
              Query all installed packages.

       -f, --file FILE
              Query package owning FILE.

       --fileid MD5
              Query  package  that  contains  a given file identifier, i.e. the MD5
              digest of the file contents.

       -g, --group GROUP
              Query packages with the group of GROUP.

       --hdrid SHA1
              Query package that contains a given header identifier, i.e. the  SHA1
              digest of the immutable header region.

       -p, --package PACKAGE_FILE
              Query an (uninstalled) package PACKAGE_FILE.  The PACKAGE_FILE may be
              specified as an ftp or http style URL,  in  which  case  the  package
              header  will  be  downloaded  and  queried.  See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS for
              information on rpm?. internal ftp and http client support. The  PACK-
              AGE_FILE argument(s), if not a binary package, will be interpreted as
              an ASCII package manifest.  Comments are permitted, starting  with  a
              ?.?. and each line of a package manifest file may include white space
              separated glob expressions, including URL?. with remote glob  expres-
              sions,  that  will be expanded to paths that are substituted in place
              of the package manifest as additional PACKAGE_FILE arguments  to  the
              query.

       --pkgid MD5
              Query  package that contains a given package identifier, i.e. the MD5
              digest of the combined header and payload contents.

       --querybynumber HDRNUM
              Query the HDRNUMth database entry directly; this is useful  only  for
              debugging.

       --specfile SPECFILE
              Parse  and  query  SPECFILE as if it were a package. Although not all
              the information (e.g. file lists) is available, this  type  of  query
              permits rpm to be used to extract information from spec files without
              having to write a specfile parser.

       --tid TID
              Query package(s) that have a given TID transaction identifier. A unix
              time  stamp  is currently used as a transaction identifier. All pack-
              age(s) installed or erased within a single transaction have a  common
              identifier.

       --triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME
              Query packages that are triggered by package(s) PACKAGE_NAME.

       --whatprovides CAPABILITY
              Query all packages that provide the CAPABILITY capability.

       --whatrequires CAPABILITY
              Query all packages that requires CAPABILITY for proper functioning.

   PACKAGE QUERY OPTIONS:
       --changelog
              Display change information for the package.

       -c, --configfiles
              List only configuration files (implies -l).

       -d, --docfiles
              List only documentation files (implies -l).

       --dump Dump file information as follows (implies -l):

              path size mtime md5sum mode owner group isconfig isdoc rdev symlink

       --filesbypkg
              List all the files in each selected package.

       -i, --info
              Display  package  information,  including name, version, and descrip-
              tion.  This uses the --queryformat if one was specified.

       --last Orders the package listing by install time such that the latest pack-
              ages are at the top.

       -l, --list
              List files in package.

       --provides
              List capabilities this package provides.

       -R, --requires
              List packages on which this package depends.

       --scripts
              List  the  package specific scriptlet(s) that are used as part of the
              installation and uninstallation processes.

       -s, --state
              Display the states of files in the package (implies -l).   The  state
              of each file is one of normal, not installed, or replaced.

       --triggers, --triggerscripts
              Display the trigger scripts, if any, which are contained in the pack-
              age.

   VERIFY OPTIONS/查询选项
       The general form of an rpm verify command is

       rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]

       Verifying a package compares information about the installed  files  in  the
       package  with  information  about  the files taken from the package metadata
       stored in the rpm database.  Among  other  things,  verifying  compares  the
       size,  MD5  sum,  permissions, type, owner and group of each file.  Any dis-
       crepancies are displayed.  Files that were not installed from  the  package,
       for   example,  documentation  files  excluded  on  installation  using  the
       "--excludedocs" option, will be silently ignored.

       The package selection options are the same as for package querying  (includ-
       ing  package  manifest  files as arguments).  Other options unique to verify
       mode are:

       --nodeps
              Don?. verify dependencies of packages.

       --nodigest
              Don?. verify package or header digests when reading.

       --nofiles
              Don?. verify any attributes of package files.

       --noscripts
              Don?. execute the %verifyscript scriptlet (if any).

       --nosignature
              Don?. verify package or header signatures when reading.

       --nolinkto

       --nomd5

       --nosize

       --nouser

       --nogroup

       --nomtime

       --nomode

       --nordev
              Don?. verify the corresponding file attribute.

       The format of the output is a string of 8 characters, a  possible  attribute
       marker:

       c %config configuration file.
       d %doc documentation file.
       g %ghost file (i.e. the file contents are not included in the package payload).
       l %license license file.
       r %readme readme file.

       from  the  package header, followed by the file name.  Each of the 8 charac-
       ters denotes the result of a comparison of attribute(s) of the file  to  the
       value of those attribute(s) recorded in the database.  A single "." (period)
       means the test passed, while a single "?" (question mark) indicates the test
       could  not  be performed (e.g. file permissions prevent reading). Otherwise,
       the (mnemonically emBoldened) character denotes failure of the corresponding
       --verify test:

       S file Size differs
       M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type)
       5 MD5 sum differs
       D Device major/minor number mismatch
       L readLink(2) path mismatch
       U User ownership differs
       G Group ownership differs
       T mTime differs

   DIGITAL SIGNATURE AND DIGEST VERIFICATION
       The general forms of rpm digital signature commands are

       rpm --import PUBKEY ...

       rpm {--checksig} [--nosignature] [--nodigest]
           PACKAGE_FILE ...

       The  --checksig  option  checks  all the digests and signatures contained in
       PACKAGE_FILE to ensure the integrity and origin of the  package.  Note  that
       signatures  are  now  verified whenever a package is read, and --checksig is
       useful to verify all of the digests and signatures associated with  a  pack-
       age.

       Digital  signatures  cannot  be  verified  without  a  public key.  An ASCII
       armored public key can be added to  the  rpm  database  using  --import.  An
       imported  public key is carried in a header, and key ring management is per-
       formed exactly like package management. For example, all currently  imported
       public keys can be displayed by:

       rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*

       Details  about  a  specific  public  key, when imported, can be displayed by
       querying.  Here?. information about the Red Hat GPG/DSA key:

       rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-db42a60e

       Finally, public keys can be  erased  after  importing  just  like  packages.
       Here?. how to remove the Red Hat GPG/DSA key

       rpm -e gpg-pubkey-db42a60e

   SIGNING A PACKAGE
       rpm --addsign|--resign PACKAGE_FILE ...

       Both  of  the  --addsign and --resign options generate and insert new signa-
       tures for each package PACKAGE_FILE given,  replacing  any  existing  signa-
       tures.  There are two options for historical reasons, there is no difference
       in behavior currently.

   USING GPG TO SIGN PACKAGES/使用GPG签署包
       In order to sign packages using GPG, rpm must be configured to run  GPG  and
       be  able  to find a key ring with the appropriate keys. By default, rpm uses
       the same conventions as GPG to find key rings, namely the  $GNUPGHOME  envi-
       ronment  variable.  If your key rings are not located where GPG expects them
       to be, you will need to configure the macro %_gpg_path to be the location of
       the GPG key rings to use.
    为了使用gpg对包进行签名，必须将rpm配置为运行gpg，并且能够找到具有适当密钥的密钥环。
    默认情况下，RPM使用与gpg相同的约定，用于查找键环，即$gnupghome环境变量。
    如果您的密钥环不在GPG期望的位置，则需要将macro%_gpg_路径配置为要使用的GPG密钥环的位置。

       For  compatibility with older versions of GPG, PGP, and rpm, only V3 OpenPGP
       signature packets should be configured.   Either  DSA  or  RSA  verification
       algorithms can be used, but DSA is preferred.
    为了与较旧版本的GPG、PGP和RPM兼容，只应配置v3 openPGP签名包。可以使用DSA或RSA验证算法，但最好使用DSA。
   
       If  you  want to be able to sign packages you create yourself, you also need
       to create your own public and secret key pair (see the GPG manual). You will
       also need to configure the rpm macros

       %_signature
              The signature type.  Right now only gpg and pgp are supported.

       %_gpg_name
              The  name  of the "user" whose key you wish to use to sign your pack-
              ages.

       For example, to be able to use GPG to sign packages as the  user  "John  Doe
       <jdoe@foo.com>"  from  the key rings located in /etc/rpm/.gpg using the exe-
       cutable /usr/bin/gpg you would include

       %_signature gpg
       %_gpg_path /etc/rpm/.gpg
       %_gpg_name John Doe <jdoe@foo.com>
       %_gpgbin /usr/bin/gpg

       in a macro configuration file. Use /etc/rpm/macros for per-system configura-
       tion and ~/.rpmmacros for per-user configuration.

   REBUILD DATABASE OPTIONS
       The general form of an rpm rebuild database command is

       rpm {--initdb|--rebuilddb} [-v] [--dbpath DIRECTORY] [--root DIRECTORY]

       Use --initdb to create a new database if one doesn?. already exist (existing
       database is not  overwritten),  use  --rebuilddb  to  rebuild  the  database
       indices from the installed package headers.

   SHOWRC
       The command

       rpm --showrc

       shows  the  values  rpm will use for all of the options are currently set in
       rpmrc and macros configuration file(s).

   FTP/HTTP OPTIONS/ftp/http选项
       rpm can act as an FTP and/or HTTP client so that packages can be queried  or
       installed  from the internet.  Package files for install, upgrade, and query
       operations may be specified as an ftp or http style URL:
    RPM可以充当FTP和/或HTTP客户机，以便可以从Internet查询或安装包。用于安装、升级和查询操作的包文件可以指定为FTP或HTTP样式的URL:

       ftp://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/path/to/package.rpm

       If the :PASSWORD portion is omitted, the password will be prompted for (once
       per  user/hostname  pair). If both the user and password are omitted, anony-
       mous ftp is used.  In all cases, passive (PASV) ftp transfers are performed.

       rpm allows the following options to be used with ftp URLs:

       --ftpproxy HOST
              The  host  HOST will be used as a proxy server for all ftp transfers,
              which allows users to ftp through firewall machines which  use  proxy
              systems.  This  option may also be specified by configuring the macro
              %_ftpproxy.

       --ftpport PORT
              The TCP PORT number to use for the ftp connection on  the  proxy  ftp
              server instead of the default port. This option may also be specified
              by configuring the macro %_ftpport.

       rpm allows the following options to be used with http URLs:

       --httpproxy HOST
              The host HOST will be used as a proxy server for all http  transfers.
              This  option  may  also be specified by configuring the macro %_http-
              proxy.

       --httpport PORT
              The TCP PORT number to use for the http connection on the proxy  http
              server instead of the default port. This option may also be specified
              by configuring the macro %_httpport.

LEGACY ISSUES/遗留问题
   Executing rpmbuild/正在执行rpmbuild
       The build modes of rpm are now resident in the /usr/bin/rpmbuild executable.
       Although  legacy  compatibility  provided by the popt aliases below has been
       adequate, the compatibility is not perfect; hence build  mode  compatibility
       through  popt  aliases  is being removed from rpm.  Install the package con-
       taining rpmbuild (usually rpm-build) and see rpmbuild(8)  for  documentation
       of all the rpm build modes previously documented here in rpm(8).
    RPM的构建模式现在驻留在/usr/bin/rpm build可执行文件中。
    虽然下面的popt别名提供的传统兼容性已经足够，但是兼容性并不完美；
    因此通过popt别名的构建模式兼容性正在从RPM中删除。
    安装包含rpm build（通常是rpm build）的包，
    并参阅rpm build（8）以获取先前在rpm（8）中记录的所有rpm构建模式的文档。
   
       Add  the  following lines to /etc/popt if you wish to continue invoking rpm-
       build from the rpm command line:
    如果要继续从rpm命令行调用rpmbuild，请将以下行添加到/etc/popt：

       rpm     exec --bp               rpmb -bp
       rpm     exec --bc               rpmb -bc
       rpm     exec --bi               rpmb -bi
       rpm     exec --bl               rpmb -bl
       rpm     exec --ba               rpmb -ba
       rpm     exec --bb               rpmb -bb
       rpm     exec --bs               rpmb -bs
       rpm     exec --tp               rpmb -tp
       rpm     exec --tc               rpmb -tc
       rpm     exec --ti               rpmb -ti
       rpm     exec --tl               rpmb -tl
       rpm     exec --ta               rpmb -ta
       rpm     exec --tb               rpmb -tb
       rpm     exec --ts               rpmb -ts
       rpm     exec --rebuild          rpmb --rebuild
       rpm     exec --recompile        rpmb --recompile
       rpm     exec --clean            rpmb --clean
       rpm     exec --rmsource         rpmb --rmsource
       rpm     exec --rmspec           rpmb --rmspec
       rpm     exec --target           rpmb --target
       rpm     exec --short-circuit    rpmb --short-circuit

FILES
   rpmrc Configuration/RPMRC配置
       /usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc
       /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/rpmrc
       /etc/rpmrc
       ~/.rpmrc

   Macro Configuration/宏配置
       /usr/lib/rpm/macros
       /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/macros
       /etc/rpm/macros
       ~/.rpmmacros

   Database/数据库
       /var/lib/rpm/Basenames
       /var/lib/rpm/Conflictname
       /var/lib/rpm/Dirnames
       /var/lib/rpm/Filemd5s
       /var/lib/rpm/Group
       /var/lib/rpm/Installtid
       /var/lib/rpm/Name
       /var/lib/rpm/Packages
       /var/lib/rpm/Providename
       /var/lib/rpm/Provideversion
       /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys
       /var/lib/rpm/Removed
       /var/lib/rpm/Requirename
       /var/lib/rpm/Requireversion
       /var/lib/rpm/Sha1header
       /var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5
       /var/lib/rpm/Triggername

   Temporary/暂时的
       /var/tmp/rpm*

SEE ALSO/参照
       popt(3),
       rpm2cpio(8),
       rpmbuild(8),

       rpm --help - as rpm supports customizing the options via popt  aliases  it?.
       impossible  to  guarantee that what?. described in the manual matches what?.
       available.

       http://www.rpm.org/ <URL:http://www.rpm.org/>

       /var/lib/rpm/Requirename
       /var/lib/rpm/Requireversion
       /var/lib/rpm/Sha1header
       /var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5
       /var/lib/rpm/Triggername

   Temporary
       /var/tmp/rpm*

SEE ALSO/参照
       popt(3),
       rpm2cpio(8),
       rpmbuild(8),

       rpm --help - as rpm supports customizing the options via popt  aliases  it?.
       impossible  to  guarantee that what?. described in the manual matches what?.
       available.

       http://www.rpm.org/ <URL:http://www.rpm.org/>

AUTHORS/作者
       Marc Ewing <marc@redhat.com>
       Jeff Johnson <jbj@redhat.com>
       Erik Troan <ewt@redhat.com>