Django rest framework 小结

1. settings.py 文件中配置rest_framework

   INSTALLED_APPS = ('rest_framework',)
   

2. 建立序列化和反序列化模型类

   from goods.models import Goods
   from rest_framework import serializers
   class TypeSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
       class Meta:
           model = Types
           fields = '__all__'
   class GoodsSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
       # 外键
       #types = serializers.CharField(source="goods_type")
       #types = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=Types.objects.all(), label='类型')
        types = TypeSerializers(read_only=True)
       #获取模型中的choice值
       types_name = serializers.CharField(source="get_goods_type_display")
       # 显示自定义字段
       types_difund = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
       class Meta:
           model = Goods
           #fields = "__all__" 
           fields = ['id', 'good_name', 'price', 'types', 'types_name', 'types_difund']
       
       def get_types(self, row):
           type_list = row.type_id.all()
           ret = []
           for item in type_list:
               ret.append({'type_name': item.name})
           return ret

3. 建立视图函数(CBV方式)

   from .serializer import GoodsSerializers
   from rest_framework.viewsets import generics
   from rest_framework import permissions  # 设置访问权限
   class GoodListView(generics.ListAPIView):
        queryset = Goods.objects.all()
   　　  serializer_class = GoodsSerializers
        permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly, permissions.IsAuthenticated]
        # 自定义查询字段
        lookup_field = 'time' # 按该参数条件查询数据，默认是按主键
        def get(self, request, time):
           goods = self.get_object()
           serializer = self.get_serializer(goods)
           return Response(data = serializer.data)
           
        lookup_url_kwarg = 'id' #URL中的参数
        

4. 建立视图函数(FBV方式)

   from django.http import JsonResponse
   from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
   from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
   from .models import Goods
   from .serializers import GoodsSerializer
   
   def good_list(request):
       if request.method == "GET":
           goods  = Goods.objects.all()
           ser = GoodsSerializer(goods, many=True)
           return JsonResponse(ser.data)
       elif request.method == "POST":
           data = JSONParser().parse(request) #将请求参数格式化
           ser = GoodsSerializer(data=data)
           if ser.is_valid(): # 验证数据
               ser.save() #保存数据
               return JsonResponse(ser.data, status=201)
           return JsonResponse(ser.errors, status=400)
       elif request.method == "PUT":
           data = JSONParser().parse(request)
           ser = GoodsSerializer(Goods.objects.get(id=request.Get.get('id')), data=data)
           if ser.is_valid():
               ser.save()
               return JsonResponse(ser.data)
           return JsonResponse(ser.errors, status=400)
       elif request.method == "DELETE":
           Goods.objects.get(id=request.Get.get('id')).delete()
           return HttpResponse(status=204)

5. 建立链接

   urlpatterns = [
   　　#path('goods/', GoodListView.as_view(), name='glist'),
       path('goods/<int:id>', GoodListView.as_view(), name='glist'),
       path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls')),
   ]