学习熟悉编程的最好方法就是动手,有点面向编程思维的话,直接练习就可以。直接看demo
1、过程、作用域
#全局变量:过程外定义的变量
#局部变量: 过程内部定义的变量
set a 100
proc testa {} {puts $::a}
testa
#作用域 : 全局作用域> 过程作用域1>过程作用域2......
puts "********作用域***********"
set ga 100;#全局
proc test {} {set a 100;puts "test level [info level]"} ;#局部作用域名
proc test1 {} {set b 200;test;puts "test1 level [info level]"}
proc test2 {} {set c 2000;test1;puts "test2 level [info level]"}
#test2>test1>test 怎么样来区分层次? [info level]
puts "global: level [info level]"
test2
puts "********作用域***********"
#1. 过程内部访问 全局变量/上层变量 的方法 1. global 2. upvar 3. uplevel 4. ::全局作用域名
puts "global 访问全局变量"
#***********global************
#目标:在过程中改变全局变量的值。
set g_a 100;#过程外定义全局变量a
puts "g_a: $g_a"
proc GetGlobal {} {;# 左括号一定要位于最好,以连接下一行
global g_a
set g_a 200 ;#在过程内被改变
}
GetGlobal
puts "g_a:$g_a" ;# 经过检查确实被改变
puts "global 访问全局变量 结束
"
#*****************************
puts "全局变量:: 开始"
set g_ab 200
proc setab {} {
set ::g_ab 1000
}
setab
puts "g_ab: $g_ab"
puts "全局变量:: 结束
"
puts "upvar 访问全局变量/上层变量/本层变量"
set g_b 1000
proc Getupvar {} {
upvar g_b local_b
puts "local_b: $local_b"
set local_b 2000
}
puts "$g_b:$g_b"
proc level1 {} {
set b 200
puts "b in level 1:$b"
level2
puts "b in level 1:$b"
}
proc level2 {} {
upvar 1 b local_b
set local_b 800
}
puts "upvar 访问全局变量/上层变量/本层变量/结束
"
puts "uplevel改变全局变量/上级变量/本层变量 开始"
set g_level0 100
proc l1 {} {uplevel #0 {set g_level0 5000}}
l1;#执行
puts "after l1 g_level0: $g_level0"
puts "uplevel改变全局变量/上级变量/本层变量 结束 "
2、命名空间
#命名空间
#作用:防止同名变量冲突,对变量和过程 划分区域, 针对多个文件引用。
#1. 基本概念
set bb 2000;#全局变量
namespace eval no1 {
variable name 20
proc testfun {} {puts "i am in no1"}
}
namespace eval no2 {
variable name 30
proc testfun {} {puts "i am in no2"}
}
puts "$no1::name"
puts "$no2::name"
no1::testfun
no2::testfun
puts "****************adv app*******"
namespace eval test {
namespace export get_var get_global
variable aa 20
variable bb 4000
proc get_var {} {variable aa; set aa 200;return $aa}
proc get_global {} {puts "global bb:$::bb"}
}
puts $test::aa
puts "aa: [test::get_var]"
test::get_global
#2.导入和导出 省略命名空间
puts "导入和导出,"
namespace import test::get_var
puts [get_var]
namespace import test::get_global
get_global
#>>namespace import test::*
#3.命名空间嵌套
namespace eval t1 {
namespace eval t2 {
variable mytest 2000
}
}
puts $t1::t2::mytest
3、itcl基础编程
#类定义
#itcl::class className {
# inherit baseClass ?baseClass...?
# constructor args ?init? body
# destructor body
# method name ?args? ?body?
# proc name ?args? ?body?
# variable varName ?init? ?config?
# common varName ?init?
# public command ?arg arg ...?
# protected command ?arg arg ...?
# private command ?arg arg ...?
# set varName ?value?
# array option ?arg arg ...?
# }
package require itcl
namespace import itcl::*
#构造函数/析构函数==》 我轻轻的 “来” 了,挥一挥衣袖不带 “走” 一片云彩
itcl::class Father {
variable name "NoOne"
variable money 0
common peoples 0
proc getpeople {} {puts "we have $peoples people"}
method getmoney {} {return "[$this info class] has $money"}
constructor {{mymoney 500}} {set money $mymoney;puts "have money $mymoney";incr peoples}
destructor {puts "i am $this,good bye"; incr peoples -1}
}
Father f1
puts [f1 getmoney]
f1 getpeople
#继承
itcl::class Sun {
inherit Father
}
Sun s1
puts [s1 getmoney]
#多态
class SunOther {
inherit Father
method getmoney {} {puts "i am SunOther,not Father!";return "[$this info class] has $money"}
}
SunOther s2
puts [s2 getmoney]
# common 类变量
# proc 类函数,大家都可以调用
s1 getpeople
s2 getpeople
f1 getpeople
#public,private,protected 描述父子关系
class Mother {
public method pubfunc {} {puts "pubfunc"}
private method prifunc {} {puts "prifunc"}
protected method profunc {} {puts profunc}
;#内部调用
method runpub {} {pubfunc}
method runpro {} {profunc}
method runpri {} {prifunc}
}
Mother m1
m1 pubfunc;#外部调用 OK
#内部调用
m1 runpub
m1 runpro
m1 runpri
# m1 prifunc
# m1 profunc
class Dt {
inherit Mother
#
method runpub {} {pubfunc}
method runpro {} {profunc}
method runpri {} {prifunc}
#
}
Dt dt
dt pubfunc
dt runpub
dt runpro
dt runpri
#失败
# dt prifunc
# dt profunc