book = BookInfo.objects.get(btitle='⻄游记') #单⼀查询,如果结果不存在报错 book = BookInfo.objects.all(btitle='⻄游记') #查询多个结果,有多少返回多少,不存在返回None book = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle='⻄游记').count() #查询结果的数量 book = BookInfo.objects.exclude(btitle='⻄游记') #查询结果取反
book = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle__contains='记') #查询结果包含‘记’ %记%
book = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle__startswith='⻄') #查询以‘⻄’开头的 ⻄% book = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle__endswith='记') #查询以‘记’结尾的 %记
空查询:
isnull 是否为空
range 相当于between...and...
book = BookInfo.object.filter(id__in = [1,5,13,24]) #查询id为1或5或13或24 book = BookInfo.object.filter(id__range = [10,20]) #查询范围为10-20的id
book = BookInfo.object.filter(id__gt =10) #查询id⼤于10的 book = BookInfo.object.exclude(id = 10) #查询id不等于的10的
F对象和Q对象
⽐较两个字段对象之间的关系⽤F对象。(F对象可以进⾏运算)
book = BookInfio.Object.filter(bread__gte=F('bcomment')) #查询阅读量等 于评论量的对象 book = BookInfio.Object.filter(bread__gte=F('bcomment') * 2 )
与逻辑运算符连⽤使⽤Q对象。 或( | ) 与( & ) ⾮( ~ )
book = BookInfo.Object.filter(Q(bread__gte=20) | Q(pk__lt=3)) #查询阅读量为20或者id为3的对象
聚合函数
使⽤aggregate()过滤器调⽤聚合函数。聚合函数包括:Avg 平均,Count 数量,Max 最⼤,Min 最⼩,Sum 求和
book = BookInfo.Object.aggregate(Sum('bread')) #求阅读量的和
排序
使⽤order_by对结果进⾏排序
book=BookInfo.object.all().order_by('bread') #按阅读量的升序排列 book=BookInfo.object.all().order_by('-bread') #按阅读量的降序排列
关联查询
b = BookInfo.object.filter(id = 1) b.heroinfo_set.all() #查询book_id = 1的书⾥的所有英雄
(⼀本书⾥有多个英雄,⼀个英雄只能存在⼀本书⾥。表关系为⼀对多,英雄表⾥外键关联书
id,英雄表⾥的存放多个书id。英雄表为多,书表为⼀。)
多到⼀的访问语法:多对应的模型类对象.多对应的模型类中的关系类属性名
h = HeroInfo.object.filter(id = 1) h.hbook #查询英雄id = 1的书是哪本。
⽅向查询除了可以使⽤模型类名_set,还有⼀种是在建⽴模型类的时候使⽤related_name来指定变量名。
hbook=model.ForeignKey(HeroInfo,on_delete=model.CACADE,null=Ture,related_name='heros') b.herose.all()
多对多操作
增加
class ManyToManyTest(APIView): def post(self, request): # ⽅法⼀:在建⽴manytomany的models⾥添加数据,(⼀条,⼀个对象) # teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=1).first() # studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first() # teacherobj.stu.add(studentobj) # return Response({ # "status": 200 # }) #⽅法⼆:在未建⽴manytomany的models⾥添加数据,(⼀条,⼀个对象) teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.all() studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first() studentobj.teacher_set.add(*teacherobj) return Response({ "status": 200 })
删除
class ManyToManyTest(APIView): def delete(self, request): # ⽅法⼀:在建⽴manytomany的models⾥删除数据,(⼀条,⼀个对象) # teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=1).first() # studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first() # teacherobj.stu.remove(studentobj) # return Response({ # "status": 200 # }) #⽅法⼆:在未建⽴manytomany的models⾥删除数据,(多条,可迭代对象) teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.all() studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first() studentobj.teacher_set.remove(*teacherobj) return Response({ "status": 200 })
修改
class ManyToManyTest(APIView): def put(self, request): # ⽅法⼀:在建⽴manytomany的models⾥修改数据,参数只能是可迭代对象 teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=3).first() studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2) teacherobj.stu.set(studentobj) return Response({ "status": 200 }) #⽅法⼆:在未建⽴manytomany的models⾥修改数据,参数只能是可迭代对象 # teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.all() # studentobj = models.Student.objects.filter(id=2).first() # studentobj.teacher_set.set(*teacherobj) # return Response({ # "status": 200 # })
查看
class ManyToManyTest(APIView): def get(self, request): # ⽅法⼀:在建⽴manytomany的models⾥查数据 # teacherobj = models.Teacher.objects.get(id=2) # data = teacherobj.stu.all() # data_list = [] # for i in data: # data_dic={ # "student_name":i.name, # "teacher_name":teacherobj.name # } # data_list.append(data_dic) # return Response(data_list) # ⽅法⼆:在未建⽴manytomany的models⾥查数据 studentobj = models.Student.objects.get(id=2) data = studentobj.teacher_set.all() data_list = [] for i in data: data_dic = { "student_name": studentobj.name, "teacher_name": i.name } data_list.append(data_dic) return Response(data_list)