1、下载mysql最新解压版，这里是mysql-8.0.15
解压，复制一份。分别新建my.ini文件。
my.ini内容举例：
# Other default tuning values
# MySQL Server Instance Configuration File
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard
#
#
# Installation Instructions
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options
# (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to
# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
#
# On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory
# of your server (e.g. C:Program FilesMySQLMySQL Server X.Y). To
# make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option
# "--defaults-file".
#
# To run the server from the command line, execute this in a
# command line shell, e.g.
# mysqld --defaults-file="C:Program FilesMySQLMySQL Server X.Ymy.ini"
#
# To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a
# command line shell, e.g.
# mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:Program FilesMySQLMySQL Server X.Ymy.ini"
#
# And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g.
# net start MySQLXY
#
#
# Guidelines for editing this file
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports.
# If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program
# with the "--help" option.
#
# More detailed information about the individual options can also be
# found in the manual.
#
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
#
#
# CLIENT SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.
# Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed
# to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to
# honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the
# MySQL client library initialization.
#
[client]
# pipe=
# socket=MYSQL
port=3316
[mysql]
no-beep
# default-character-set=
# SERVER SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that
# you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this
# file.
#
# server_type=3
[mysqld]
# The next three options are mutually exclusive to SERVER_PORT below.
# skip-networking
# enable-named-pipe
# shared-memory
# shared-memory-base-name=MYSQL
# The Pipe the MySQL Server will use
# socket=MYSQL
# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
port=3316
# Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
# basedir="C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0/"
# Path to the database root
datadir=D:/mysql-8.0.20-winx64/Data
# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
# created and no character set is defined
# character-set-server=
# The default authentication plugin to be used when connecting to the server
default_authentication_plugin=caching_sha2_password
# The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
default-storage-engine=INNODB
# Set the SQL mode to strict
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
# General and Slow logging.
log-output=FILE
general-log=0
general_log_file="DESKTOP-VRCAJT5.log"
slow-query-log=1
slow_query_log_file="DESKTOP-VRCAJT5-slow.log"
long_query_time=10
# Error Logging.
log-error="DESKTOP-VRCAJT5.err"
# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# Specifies the base name to use for binary log files. With binary logging
# enabled, the server logs all statements that change data to the binary
# log, which is used for backup and replication.
log-bin="DESKTOP-VRCAJT5-bin"
# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# Sets the binary logging format, and can be any one of STATEMENT, ROW,
# or MIXED. ROW is suggested for Group Replication.
# binlog_format
# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# Causes the master to write a checksum for each event in the binary log.
# binlog_checksum supports the values NONE (disabled) and CRC32.
# The default is CRC32. When disabled (value NONE), the server verifies
# that it is writing only complete events to the binary log by writing
# and checking the event length (rather than a checksum) for each event.
# NONE must be used with Group Replication.
# binlog_checksum
# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# The base name for the relay log. The server creates relay log files in
# sequence by adding a numeric suffix to the base name. If you specify this
# option, the value specified is also used as the base name for the relay log
# index file. Relay logs increase speed by using load-balancing between disks.
# relay_log
# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# Specifies the server ID. For servers that are used in a replication topology,
# you must specify a unique server ID for each replication server, in the
# range from 1 to 2^32 − 1. “Unique” means that each ID must be different
# from every other ID in use by any other replication master or slave.
server-id=1
# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# The host name or IP address of the slave to be reported to the master
# during slave registration. This value appears in the output of SHOW SLAVE HOSTS
# on the master server. Leave the value unset if you do not want the slave to
# register itself with the master.
# report_host=0.0
# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# The TCP/IP port number for connecting to the slave, to be reported to the master during
# slave registration. Set this only if the slave is listening on a nondefault port or if
# you have a special tunnel from the master or other clients to the slave.
report_port=3316
# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# This option specifies whether global transaction identifiers (GTIDs) are
# used to identify transactions. ON must be used with Group Replication.
# gtid_mode
# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# When enabled, the server enforces GTID consistency by allowing execution of
# only statements that can be safely logged using a GTID. You must set this
# option to ON before enabling GTID based replication.
# enforce_gtid_consistency
# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# Whether updates received by a slave server from a master server should be
# logged to the slave's own binary log. Binary logging must be enabled on
# the slave for this variable to have any effect. ON must be used with
# Group Replication.
# log_slave_updates
# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# Determines whether the slave server logs master status and connection information
# to an InnoDB table in the mysql database, or to a file in the data directory.
# The TABLE setting is required when multiple replication channels are configured.
# master_info_repository
# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# Determines whether the slave server logs its position in the relay logs to an InnoDB
# table in the mysql database, or to a file in the data directory. The TABLE setting is
# required when multiple replication channels are configured.
# relay_log_info_repository
# ***** Group Replication Related *****
# Defines the algorithm used to hash the writes extracted during a transaction. If you
# are using Group Replication, this variable must be set to XXHASH64 because the process
# of extracting the writes from a transaction is required for conflict detection on all
# group members.
# transaction_write_set_extraction
# NOTE: Modify this value after Server initialization won't take effect.
lower_case_table_names=1
# Secure File Priv.
secure-file-priv="C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0/Uploads"
# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
# connection limit has been reached.
max_connections=151
# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in
# section [mysqld_safe]
table_open_cache=2000
# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
# of them.
tmp_table_size=74M
# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
# disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't
# more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces
# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
# connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance
# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
thread_cache_size=10
#*** MyISAM Specific options
# The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while
# recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.
# If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created
# through the key cache (which is slower).
myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G
# The size of the buffer that is allocated when sorting MyISAM indexes
# during a REPAIR TABLE or when creating indexes with CREATE INDEX
# or ALTER TABLE.
myisam_sort_buffer_size=139M
# Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.
# Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory
# is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using
# MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be
# used for internal temporary disk tables.
key_buffer_size=8M
# Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.
# Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
read_buffer_size=64K
read_rnd_buffer_size=256K
#*** INNODB Specific options ***
# innodb_data_home_dir=
# Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled
# but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space
# and speed up some things.
# skip-innodb
# If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the
# disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are
# willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small
# transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the
# logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and
# the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2
# means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log
# file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
# The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as
# it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed
# once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large
# (even with long transactions).
innodb_log_buffer_size=1M
# InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and
# row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to
# access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this
# parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it
# too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may
# cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you
# might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not
# set it too high.
innodb_buffer_pool_size=8M
# Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size
# of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid
# unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,
# note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the
# recovery process.
innodb_log_file_size=48M
# Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value
# depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS
# scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.
innodb_thread_concurrency=9
# The increment size (in MB) for extending the size of an auto-extend InnoDB system tablespace file when it becomes full.
innodb_autoextend_increment=64
# The number of regions that the InnoDB buffer pool is divided into.
# For systems with buffer pools in the multi-gigabyte range, dividing the buffer pool into separate instances can improve concurrency,
# by reducing contention as different threads read and write to cached pages.
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
# Determines the number of threads that can enter InnoDB concurrently.
innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
# Specifies how long in milliseconds (ms) a block inserted into the old sublist must stay there after its first access before
# it can be moved to the new sublist.
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
# It specifies the maximum number of .ibd files that MySQL can keep open at one time. The minimum value is 10.
innodb_open_files=300
# When this variable is enabled, InnoDB updates statistics during metadata statements.
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
# When innodb_file_per_table is enabled (the default in 5.6.6 and higher), InnoDB stores the data and indexes for each newly created table
# in a separate .ibd file, rather than in the system tablespace.
innodb_file_per_table=1
# Use the following list of values: 0 for crc32, 1 for strict_crc32, 2 for innodb, 3 for strict_innodb, 4 for none, 5 for strict_none.
innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
# The number of outstanding connection requests MySQL can have.
# This option is useful when the main MySQL thread gets many connection requests in a very short time.
# It then takes some time (although very little) for the main thread to check the connection and start a new thread.
# The back_log value indicates how many requests can be stacked during this short time before MySQL momentarily
# stops answering new requests.
# You need to increase this only if you expect a large number of connections in a short period of time.
back_log=80
# If this is set to a nonzero value, all tables are closed every flush_time seconds to free up resources and
# synchronize unflushed data to disk.
# This option is best used only on systems with minimal resources.
flush_time=0
# The minimum size of the buffer that is used for plain index scans, range index scans, and joins that do not use
# indexes and thus perform full table scans.
join_buffer_size=256K
# The maximum size of one packet or any generated or intermediate string, or any parameter sent by the
# mysql_stmt_send_long_data() C API function.
max_allowed_packet=4M
# If more than this many successive connection requests from a host are interrupted without a successful connection,
# the server blocks that host from performing further connections.
max_connect_errors=100
# Changes the number of file descriptors available to mysqld.
# You should try increasing the value of this option if mysqld gives you the error "Too many open files".
open_files_limit=4161
# If you see many sort_merge_passes per second in SHOW GLOBAL STATUS output, you can consider increasing the
# sort_buffer_size value to speed up ORDER BY or GROUP BY operations that cannot be improved with query optimization
# or improved indexing.
sort_buffer_size=256K
# The number of table definitions (from .frm files) that can be stored in the definition cache.
# If you use a large number of tables, you can create a large table definition cache to speed up opening of tables.
# The table definition cache takes less space and does not use file descriptors, unlike the normal table cache.
# The minimum and default values are both 400.
table_definition_cache=1400
# Specify the maximum size of a row-based binary log event, in bytes.
# Rows are grouped into events smaller than this size if possible. The value should be a multiple of 256.
binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its master.info file to disk.
# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_master_info events.
sync_master_info=10000
# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, the MySQL server synchronizes its relay log to disk.
# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log writes to the relay log.
sync_relay_log=10000
# If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its relay-log.info file to disk.
# (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log_info transactions.
sync_relay_log_info=10000
# Load mysql plugins at start."plugin_x ; plugin_y".
# plugin_load
# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server X Protocol will listen on.
# loose_mysqlx_port=33060
5.7.30版本的配置文件——my.cnf
[client] port = 3306 [mysqld] ###############################基础设置##################################### #Mysql服务的唯一编号 每个mysql服务Id需唯一 server-id = 1 #服务端口号 默认3306 port = 3306 #mysql安装根目录 basedir = D:mysql-5.7.30-3306 #mysql数据文件所在位置 datadir = D:mysql-5.7.30-3306data #主要用于MyISAM存储引擎,如果多台服务器连接一个数据库则建议注释下面内容 skip-external-locking #只能用IP地址检查客户端的登录，不用主机名 #skip_name_resolve = 1 #事务隔离级别，默认为可重复读，mysql默认可重复读级别（此级别下可能参数很多间隙锁，影响性能） transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED #数据库默认字符集,主流字符集支持一些特殊表情符号（特殊表情符占用4个字节） character-set-server = utf8mb4 #数据库字符集对应一些排序等规则，注意要和character-set-server对应 collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci #设置client连接mysql时的字符集,防止乱码 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' #是否对sql语句大小写敏感，1表示不敏感 lower_case_table_names = 1 #最大连接数 max_connections = 400 #最大错误连接数 max_connect_errors = 1000 #TIMESTAMP如果没有显示声明NOT NULL，允许NULL值 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true #SQL数据包发送的大小，如果有BLOB对象建议修改成1G max_allowed_packet = 128M #MySQL连接闲置超过一定时间后(单位：秒)将会被强行关闭 #MySQL默认的wait_timeout ?值为8个小时, interactive_timeout参数需要同时配置才能生效 interactive_timeout = 1800 wait_timeout = 1800 #内部内存临时表的最大值 ，设置成128M。 #比如大数据量的group by ,order by时可能用到临时表， #超过了这个值将写入磁盘，系统IO压力增大 tmp_table_size = 134217728 max_heap_table_size = 134217728 #禁用mysql的缓存查询结果集功能 #后期根据业务情况测试决定是否开启 #大部分情况下关闭下面两项 query_cache_size = 0 query_cache_type = 0 ##----------------------------用户进程分配到的内存设置BEGIN-----------------------------## ##每个session将会分配参数设置的内存大小 #用于表的顺序扫描，读出的数据暂存于read_buffer_size中，当buff满时或读完，将数据返回上层调用者 #一般在128kb ~ 256kb,用于MyISAM #read_buffer_size = 131072 #用于表的随机读取，当按照一个非索引字段排序读取时会用到， #一般在128kb ~ 256kb,用于MyISAM #read_rnd_buffer_size = 262144 #order by或group by时用到 #建议先调整为2M，后期观察调整 sort_buffer_size = 2097152 #一般数据库中没什么大的事务，设成1~2M，默认32kb binlog_cache_size = 524288 ##---------------------------用户进程分配到的内存设置END-------------------------------## #在MySQL暂时停止响应新请求之前的短时间内多少个请求可以被存在堆栈中 #官方建议back_log = 50 + (max_connections / 5),封顶数为900 back_log = 130 ############################日 ?志 设置########################################## #数据库错误日志文件 log_error = error.log #慢查询sql日志设置 slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = slow.log #检查未使用到索引的sql log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1 #针对log_queries_not_using_indexes开启后，记录慢sql的频次、每分钟记录的条数 log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 5 #作为从库时生效,从库复制中如何有慢sql也将被记录 log_slow_slave_statements = 1 #慢查询执行的秒数，必须达到此值可被记录 long_query_time = 8 #检索的行数必须达到此值才可被记为慢查询 min_examined_row_limit = 100 #mysql binlog日志文件保存的过期时间，过期后自动删除 expire_logs_days = 5 ############################主从复制 设置######################################## #开启mysql binlog功能 log-bin=mysql-bin #binlog记录内容的方式，记录被操作的每一行 binlog_format = ROW #对于binlog_format = ROW模式时，减少记录日志的内容，只记录受影响的列 binlog_row_image = minimal #master status and connection information输出到表mysql.slave_master_info中 master_info_repository = TABLE #the slave's position in the relay logs输出到表mysql.slave_relay_log_info中 relay_log_info_repository = TABLE #作为从库时生效,想进行级联复制，则需要此参数 log_slave_updates #作为从库时生效,中继日志relay-log可以自我修复 relay_log_recovery = 1 #作为从库时生效,主从复制时忽略的错误 slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors #5.7.7默认开启该参数 控制单列索引长度最大达到3072 #innodb_large_prefix = 1 #5.7.8默认为4个, Inodb后台清理工作的线程数 #innodb_purge_threads = 4 ############################其他内容 设置########################################## [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 128M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 20M sort_buffer_size = 256k read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] #增加每个进程的可打开文件数量. open-files-limit = 28192 open-files-limit = 28192
2、创建mysql
第一个mysql
cmd进入目录：C:MySQLmysql1in，执行命令：
|
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mysqld --initialize --console |
控制台会打印出密码，请记住初始化密码，如果忘记把根目录data文件夹删除，重新执行上面语句。
继续在C:MySQLmysql1in路径里执行创建服务命令，将服务命名为mysql1：
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mysqld --install mysql1 |
启用服务：
net start mysql1
如果启动失败，就需要修改下注册表的ImagePath的数据："D:mysql-8.0.20-winx64inmysqld.exe" --defaults-file="D:mysql-8.0.20-winx64my.ini" mysql_3316
登录mysql：
mysql -u root -p 输入密码
更改密码：
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by '你的密码';(不要删掉最后的分号)
第二个mysql
和上面一样的原理，登录时要注意就是要加上端口号，因为默认是3306，3306已经被mysql1占用了，mysql2是3316，还需要修改my.mini中的datadir，登录时需要指定端口：
mysql -uroot -P 3316 -p 输入密码
#注意大写-P