引自http://es6.ruanyifeng.com/#docs/destructuring
- 数组解构赋值
- 默认值
- 对象解构赋值
- 用途
1.数组的解构赋值
let [a, b, c] = [1, 2, 3]; let [foo, [[bar], baz]] = [1, [[2], 3]]; foo // 1 bar // 2 baz // 3 let [ , , third] = ["foo", "bar", "baz"]; third // "baz" let [x, , y] = [1, 2, 3]; x // 1 y // 3 let [head, ...tail] = [1, 2, 3, 4]; head // 1 tail // [2, 3, 4] let [x, y, ...z] = ['a']; x // "a" y // undefined z // []
因为等号右边的值,要么转为对象以后不具备 Iterator 接口(前五个表达式),要么本身就不具备 Iterator 接口(最后一个表达式)。
2.默认值
let [foo = true] = []; foo // true let [x, y = 'b'] = ['a']; // x='a', y='b' let [x, y = 'b'] = ['a', undefined]; // x='a', y='b' let [x = 1] = [null]; x // null let [x = 1, y = x] = [2]; // x=2; y=2
3.对象的解释构
let { bar, foo } = { foo: "aaa", bar: "bbb" }; foo // "aaa" bar // "bbb" var { foo: baz } = { foo: 'aaa', bar: 'bbb' }; baz // "aaa" let obj = {}; let arr = []; ({ foo: obj.prop, bar: arr[0] } = { foo: 123, bar: true }); obj // {prop:123} arr // [true]
4.用途
(1)变换变量的值
let x = 1; let y = 2; [x, y] = [y, x];
(2)从函数返回多个值
// 返回一个数组 function example() { return [1, 2, 3]; } let [a, b, c] = example(); // 返回一个对象 function example() { return { foo: 1, bar: 2 }; } let { foo, bar } = example();
(3)函数参数的定义
// 参数是一组有次序的值 function f([x, y, z]) { ... } f([1, 2, 3]); // 参数是一组无次序的值 function f({x, y, z}) { ... } f({z: 3, y: 2, x: 1});
(4)提取JSON数据
let jsonData = { id: 42, status: "OK", data: [867, 5309] }; let { id, status, data: number } = jsonData; console.log(id, status, number); // 42, "OK", [867, 5309]
(5)函数参数的默认值
jQuery.ajax = function (url, { async = true, beforeSend = function () {}, cache = true, complete = function () {}, crossDomain = false, global = true, // ... more config }) { // ... do stuff };
(6)遍历Map结构
var map = new Map(); map.set('first', 'hello'); map.set('second', 'world'); for (let [key, value] of map) { console.log(key + " is " + value); } // first is hello // second is world