linux上搭建nginx+php+mysql环境详细讲解

1、mysql安装

#安装编译环境
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ gcc-devel g++ g++-devel;
yum install -y wget
yum install -y tar

#创建mysql用户组及用户
groupadd -f mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql


#编译mysql
#安装依赖
yum install -y ncurses ncurses-devel
yum install -y cmake

#解压mysql包
tar -xf mysql-5.6.35.tar.gz
cd  mysql-5.6.35.tar.gz

#创建mysql的data数据目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

#编译，主要注意几个目录以及端口
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/mysql  -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock  -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DSYSCONFDIR=/data/mysql -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/data/mysql/boost

#安装    
make -j 4 && make install


#配置数据库
cd  /data/mysql

#初始化数据库
./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir="/data/mysql" --datadir="/data/mysql/data"

chown -R mysql:mysql 、/data/mysql/data/

#复制服务到init.d目录
cp /data/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysql
    
#将mysql服务加入chkconfig管理列表 ,然后就可以用service进行操作，如果要开机自启再执行 chkconfig mysql on 

chkconfig /etc/init.d/mysql

#软链接（快捷方式）,方便直接使用mysql客户端和备份命令
ln -s /data/mysql/bin/mysql  /bin/mysql
ln -s /data/mysql/bin/mysqldump  /bin/mysqldump

#最后检查mysql目录下 my.cnf  配置文件，无误后启动mysql服务
service mysql start

#关闭命令
service mysql stop
#重启命令
service mysql restart 

#客户端第一次登陆数据库，没有密码的
mysql -uroot -p 

mysql配置参考，有些参数视具体而定

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[client]
port=3306
socket =/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir =/data/mysql
datadir =/data/mysql/data
port =3306
socket =/tmp/mysql.sock
key_buffer_size =  128M
open_files_limit = 10240
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer_size = 16M
read_rnd_buffer_size=16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 32M 
query_cache_limit = 16M #允许临时存放在查询缓存区里的查询结果的最大长度(默认设置是1M)
max_connections=4000
max_allowed_packet = 1G
default_storage_engine = InnoDB #默认引擎innodb
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 200M
#thread_stack = 512K #线程使用的堆大小. 此容量的内存在每次连接时被预留
thread_concurrency=16 #CPU的2倍,用于多核CPU上

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=32M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2 # 1:(默认值) 每一次事务提交或事务外的指令都需要把日志写入硬盘 2:把日志写入系统缓存 0:延迟写入
#innodb_flush_method=3 # 1) Default – 使用fsync。 2) O_SYNC 以sync模式打开文件，通常比较慢。 3) O_DIRECT，在Linux上使用Direct IO。
innodb_thread_concurrency=16
innodb_file_io_threads=8
innodb_file_per_table = 1
# innodb_strict_mode=1 #建议加上
innodb_io_capacity = 500

relay_log_recovery=1
tmp_table_size=268435456
max_heap_table_size=268435456

slow_query_log=ON
long_query_time=60 #添加慢查询
slow_query_log_file=slowquery.log
log_bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
expire_logs_days=5
max_binlog_size=512M #日志文件太大读写效率降低
#从配置
slave-skip-errors=1062,1064
relay_log=mysql-relay-bin
log_slave_updates=1
replicate-ignore-db=mysql,performance_schema,information_schema

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 1G

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 400M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

2、php安装，需要自己下载libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz 依赖

#安装依赖
yum install -y libxml2-devel
yum install -y bzip2-devel
yum install -y libcurl-devel
yum install -y libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel
    
#手动安装libmcrypt依赖
tar -xf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8

#配置 自定义安装目录
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
#开始安装
make -j 4 && make install
cd ../

#安装php
tar -xf php-5.6.29.tar.gz
cd php-5.6.29

#配置信息
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm  --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt --with-zlib --enable-mbstring --with-openssl --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-mysql-sock --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib64 --with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib64 --with-png-dir=/usr/lib64 --enable-pdo --with-pdo-mysql --with-gettext --with-curl --enable-sockets --enable-bcmath --enable-xml --with-bz2 --enable-zip --enable-pcntl --enable-sysvmsg --enable-mysqlnd=mysqlnd --enable-calendar --enable-mbstring --enable-maintainer-zts
#开始安装    
make -j 4 && make install
cd ../

3、安装nginx，需要手动下载pcre-8.39.tar.gz 和zlib-1.2.10.tar.gz

#我这里是提前把pcre、zlib以及nginx的包下载到了/data/install目录
#实际安装中的目录根据具体的而定

#解压依赖包
tar -xf pcre-8.39.tar.gz
tar -xf zlib-1.2.10.tar.gz

tar -xf nginx-1.9.15.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.9.15
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

#配置
./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/data/install/pcre-8.39 --with-zlib=/data/install/zlib-1.2.10

#开始安装
make -j 4 && make install

4、配置nginx

（1）创建根目录和日志目录：

　　mkdir  /data/wwwroot  

　　mkdir -p /data/logs/nginx

（2）修改配置文件

　　

user  www;
worker_processes  8;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;

error_log   /data/logs/nginx/error.log;

pid        nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections 65535;
    multi_accept on;
    use epoll;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /data/logs/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  120;
	add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*";
	server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    gzip  on;
	
	server{
		listen 80;
		server_name localhost;
		root /data/wwwroot;

		location / {
			index index.html index.htm index.php;
		}
		location ~ .php {
			root /data/wwwroot;
			fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
			fastcgi_index index.php;
			fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/php$fastcgi_script_name;
			include    fastcgi_params;
			set $path_info "";
			set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;
			if ($fastcgi_script_name ~ "^(.+?.php)(/.+)$") {
				 set $real_script_name $1;
				 set $path_info $2;
			}
			fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;
			fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;
			fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
	   }
	}
    include 'conf/*.conf';

}

（3）用www用户启动nginx

     创建www用户：groupadd www

     创建www用户组：useradd -g www www

     启动nginx：/usr/local/nginx/nginx

 　 关闭nginx: /usr/local/nginx/nginx -s stop

　　如果是在虚拟机安装可能还需要关闭防火墙 (外部访问 虚拟机要先关闭防火墙chkconfig iptables off 或者 service iptables stop 或者 iptables -F)

5、php跟nginx关联

　　开启php-fpm配置文件:

　　cd  /usr/local/php/etc

　　cp  php-fpm.conf.default  ./php-fpm.conf

　　开启php-fpm:

　　/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm

6、常见问题：

（1）启动mysql服务 ，提示my.cnf被忽略?

   解决方法：修改my.cnf的权限  chmod 644 /data/mysql1/my.cnf

（2）终端mysql进不去？

　　解决办法：mysql1 -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p  主机加上127.0.0.1

（3）外部连不上虚拟机mysql？

　　解决办法：iptables -F

　　参考网址：http://blog.csdn.net/ynh_123/article/details/53023621

（4）如何开机mysql服务自动开启？

　　解决办法：上传启动控制脚本到/etc/init.d (一般安装后里面会自动生成，不需上传),将mysql添加到系统服务，然后设置自动开启。

　　chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysql  

　　chkconfig  mysql  on

　　详细内容可参考网址：http://blog.csdn.net/b_shuang1113/article/details/75635477

（5）如何设置nginx开机自启动？

 　　(1) 上传启动控制脚本nginx 到/etc/init.d

　　(2) 设置权限：chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

　　(3) 添加到系统服务:chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/nginx

　　(4) 设置开机启动：chkconfig  ginx  on

　　(5) 查看是否设置成功：chkconfig --list | grep nginx   (2-5选项为on)

　　参考网址：http://www.jb51.net/article/51973.htm

（6）如何设置php-fpm开机自启动？

　　(1)上传启动控制脚本php-fpm到/etc/init.d

　　(2)设置权限：chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm

　　(3)添加到系统服务:chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/php-fpm

　　(4)设置开机启动：chkconfig  ginx  on

　　(5)查看是否设置成功：chkconfig --list | grep php-fpm   (2-5选项为on)

　　参考网址：http://www.jb51.net/article/68153.htm

（7）替换了配置文件mysql也无法启动？

   　　解决办法：如果替换了配置文件，启动还是报这个错误：mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/data/bogon.pid).

　　这时可以去/etc目录下删掉默认的my.cnf ，然后再次启动即可

最后附上完整的一键安装脚本，以及所需安装包，配置文件、启动控制脚本：

　　链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1XkxgW9fRINqg_Zi3W27OUg 密码：ddan