• 作业二


    (一)学习总结

    1.什么是构造方法?什么是构造方法的重载?下面的程序是否可以通过编译?为什么?

    public class Test {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
    Foo obj = new Foo();
    }
    }
    class Foo{
    int value;
    public Foo(int intValue){
    value = intValue;
    }
    }
    构造方法名字与类名完全相同,没有返回类型,构造方法的调用是在创建一个对象时使用new操作进行的。构造方法的作用是初始化对象。
    构造方法重载:方法名称相同,但是参数类型和数量不一样。
    不能编译
    方法有参数,但是初始化的时候没有实参。

    2.运行下列程序,结果是什么?分析原因,应如何修改。

    public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    MyClass[] arr=new MyClass[3];
    arr[1].value=100;
    }
    }
    class MyClass{
    public int value=1;
    }
    没结果
    没对arr实例化

    3.运行下列程序,结果是什么?说明原因。
    public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    Foo obj1 = new Foo();
    Foo obj2 = new Foo();
    System.out.println(obj1 == obj2);
    }
    }
    class Foo{
    int value = 100;
    }
    结果是false
    比较的时候是对地址进行比较,所以是false。

    4.什么是面向对象的封装性,Java中是如何实现封装性的?试举例说明。
    封装性
    封装性是面向对象的方法所应遵循的一个重要原则,它有两个含义:一是值把对象的属性和行为看成一个密不可分的整体,将这两者“封装”在一个不可分割的独立单位(即对象)中,另一层含义值“信息隐蔽”,把不需要让外界知道的信息隐藏起来,有些对象的属性及行为允许外界用户知道或使用,但不允许更改,而另一些属性或行为。则不允许外界知道,或只允许适用对象的功能,而尽可能隐蔽对象的功能实现细节 (课本93页)
    如何实现封装
    属性封装:private 属性类型 属性名称;
    方法封装:private 方法返回值 方法名称{}
    只要是被封装的属性,必须通过setter和getter方法设置和取得。
    用private声明的属性或方式只能在其类的内部被调用,而不能在外部调用。
    5.阅读下面程序,分析是否能编译通过?如果不能,说明原因。
    (1)

    class A{
    private int secret = 5;
    }
    public class Test{
    public static void main(String args[]){
    A a = new A();
    System.out.println(a.secret++);
    }
    }
    不能,private使得属性secret变为私有,不能由对象直接进行访问
    (2)

    public class Test{
    int x = 50;
    static int y = 200;
    public static void method(){
    System.out.println(x+y);
    }
    public static void main(String args[]){
    Test.method();
    }
    }
    不能,都为static才可以
    6.使用类的静态变量和构造方法,可以跟踪某个类创建的对象个数。声明一个图书类,数据成员为编号,书名,书价,并拥有静态数据成员册数记录图书的总数。图书编号从1000开始,每产生一个对象,则编号自动递增(利用静态变量和构造方法实现)。下面给出测试类代码和Book类的部分代码,将代码补充完整。
    补充后如下:
    package zuoye;

    class Book {
    int bookId;
    String bookName;
    double price;
    static // 声明静态变量
    int i = 1000;
    // 定义静态代码块对静态变量初始化

    // 构造方法
    public Book(String bookName, double price) {
    	i++;
    	this.bookName = bookName;
    	this.price = price;
    	bookId = i;
    }
    
    public String getBookName() {
    	return bookName;
    }
    
    public void setBookName(String bookName) {
    	this.bookName = bookName;
    }
    
    public double getPrice() {
    	return price;
    }
    
    public void setPrice(double price) {
    	this.price = price;
    }
    
    // 定义方法求图书总册数
    public static int totalBook() // 定义方法求图书总册数
    {
    	return i - 1000;
    }
    
    // 重写toString方法
    public String toString() // 重写toString方法
    {
    	return "书名:" + this.getBookName() + "
    " + "价格:" + this.getPrice() + "
    " + "编号:" + bookId + "
    ";
    }
    

    }

    public class Zuoye1 {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
    Book[] books = { new Book("c语言程序设计", 29.3), new Book("数据库原理", 30), new Book("Java学习笔记", 68) };
    System.out.println("图书总数为:" + Book.totalBook());
    for (Book book : books) {
    System.out.println(book.toString());
    }
    }
    }
    7.什么是单例设计模式?它具有什么特点?用单例设计模式设计一个太阳类Sun。
    单个类在使用过程中只有一个实例,单利模式的类一个类只有一个实例。即一个类只有一个对象实例。
    class Sun {
    private String Sun;
    public void Sun() {
    }
    public void sun(String Sun) {
    this.Sun=Sun;
    }
    public String getSun() {
    return Sun;
    }
    public void setSun(String sun) {
    Sun = sun;
    }
    }
    8.理解Java参数传递机制,阅读下面的程序,运行结果是什么?说明理由。

    public class Test {
    String str = new String("你好 ");
    char[] ch = { 'w','o','l','l','d' };
    public static void main(String args[]) {
    Test test = new Test();
    test.change(test.str, test.ch);
    System.out.print(test.str);
    System.out.print(test.ch);
    }
    public void change(String str, char ch[]) {
    str = "hello";
    ch[0] = 'W';
    }
    }
    结果是:你好 Wolld
    ch[]和str传递的内容不一样,前者传递的是地址,后者传递的是值。
    9.总结:
    理解面向对象和面向过程的区别
    对象实例化
    方法重载
    (二)实验总结
    本次实验包括实验二和实验三两次的内容:
    1.用面向对象思想完成评分系统
    测试类:
    package shiyan1;

    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.Scanner;

    public class Shiyan {
    public static void main(String args[]){
    int l=0;
    Scanner a = new Scanner(System.in);
    System.out.println("输入选手数:");
    int n = a.nextInt();
    Player []m= new Player[n];
    System.out.println("输入评委数:");
    int pws = a.nextInt();
    int score[]=new int [pws];
    do {
    Pingwei p = new Pingwei(pws);
    System.out.println("输入选手编号:");
    String bianhao = a.next();
    System.out.println("输入选手姓名:");
    String name = a.next();
    m[l] = new Player(bianhao,name);
    System.out.println("请为" + bianhao + "号选手打分");
    for(int i=0;i<score.length;i++) {
    score[i]=a.nextInt();
    }
    p.InputScore(score);
    m[l].setgrade(p.ave());
    System.out.print("去掉一个最高分:"+p.getx()+" 去掉一个最低分:"+p.gety()+" ");
    System.out.print(m[l].getno());
    System.out.printf("最终得分为:%.2f ",m[l].getgrade());
    l++;
    }while(l<n);
    Arrays.sort(m);
    for(int i=0;i<m.length;i++) {
    System.out.println(m[i].toString());
    }
    }
    }

    评委类:
    package shiyan1;

    import java.util.*;

    public class Pingwei {
    	private int max,min;
    	private double z;
    	 private int score[] = null;
    	private int num;
    	
    	public Pingwei() {}
    
    	public Pingwei(int num) {
    		this.num = num;
    		score=new int [num];
    		// System.out.println(num);
    	}
    
    	public void setnum(int num) {
    		this.num = num;
    	}
    
    	public int getnum() {
    		return num;
    	}
    
    	public void InputScore(int score[]) {
    		int index=0;
    		for (int i : score) {
    			this.score[index++] = i;
    		}
    			Arrays.sort(score); 
    	max=score[num-1];
    	min=score[0];
    	ave();
    	}	
    	public int getx() {
    		return max;
    	}
    	public int gety() {
    		return min;
    	}	
    	public double ave() {
    		int sum=0;
    		double average;
    		for(int i=1;i<num-1;i++) {
    			sum+=score[i];
    		}
    		average=(double)sum/(num-2);
    		return average;
    	}
    	public  String toString() {
    		return null;
    	}
    }
    

    选手类:
    package shiyan1;

    public  class Player implements Comparable<Player> {
    	private String no;
    	private String name;
    	private double grade;
    
    	public Player() {
    	}
    
    	public Player(String no, String name) {
    		this.no = no;
    		this.name = name;
    	}
    	public void setno(String no) {
    		this.no = no;
    	}
    
    	public String getno() {
    		return no;
    	}
    
    	public void setname(String name) {
    		this.name = name;
    	}
    
    	public String getname() {
    		return name;
    	}
    
    	public void setgrade(double grade) {
    		this.grade = grade;
    	}
    
    	public double getgrade() {
    		return grade;
    	}
    	public String toString() {
    		return "编号"+this.no+" 姓名"+this.name+" 成绩"+this.grade;
    	}
    	public int compareTo(Player play) {
    		if(this.grade>play.grade) {
    			return -1;
    		}
    		else if(this.grade<play.grade) {
    			return 1;
    		}
    		else 
    		{
    			return 0;
    		}
    	}
    }
    

    2.Email验证
    package zifuchuan;

    import java.util.*;

    public class Email {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
    int flag = 0;
    Scanner str = new Scanner(System.in);
    String str1 = str.nextLine();
    // System.out.println(str1);
    judge(str1);

    }
    
    public static void judge(String str) {
    	int a, b;
    	String s;
    	a = str.indexOf('@');
    	b = str.indexOf('.');
    	s = str.substring(b + 1);
    	if ((a != -1 && b != -1 && a < b && a != 0) && (s.equals("com") || s.equals("cn") || s.equals("net")
    			|| s.equals("gov") || s.equals("edu") || s.equals("org"))) {
    		System.out.println("地址合法");
    	} else {
    		System.out.println("地址不合法");
    	}
    }
    

    }

    3.查找子串
    package zifuchuan;

    import java.util.*;

    public class Cishu {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
    Scanner str = new Scanner(System.in);
    System.out.println("输入字符串:");
    String str1 = str.nextLine();
    System.out.println("输入查找的子串:");
    String str2 = str.nextLine();
    chazhao(str1, str2);
    }

    public static void chazhao(String str1, String str2) {
    	int a, b = 0, i = 0;
    	while ((a = str1.indexOf(str2, i)) != -1) {// 从指定位置查找子串
    		i = a + str2.length();//
    		b++;
    	}
    	System.out.println("子串有" + b + "个");
    }
    

    }

    4.统计文件
    package zifuchuan;

    import java.util.*;

    public class Wenjian {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
    String c;
    Scanner str = new Scanner(System.in);
    System.out.println("输入文件和扩展名,用,隔开");
    String str1 = str.nextLine();
    String s[] = str1.split(",");
    for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
    System.out.println(s[i]);
    }
    System.out.println("首字母大写输出:");
    for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {// 取出首字母大写
    char b = s[i].charAt(0);// 取出首字母
    b = (char) (b - 32);// 将首字母变大写
    c = s[i].substring(1);// 去除首字母
    System.out.println(b + c);// 连接
    }
    String m[] = new String[s.length];// 存后缀
    for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
    int y = s[i].lastIndexOf(".");// 查找最后一个点的位置
    m[i] = s[i].substring(y + 1);// 将最后一个点后的字符串存到m
    }
    System.out.println("统计如下:");
    System.out.println("文件" + " " + "数量");
    int sz[] = new int[s.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < m.length; i++) {
    if (m[i].equals("N") != true) {// 自己算一次,先++
    sz[i]++;
    }
    for (int j = i + 1; j < m.length; j++) {// 在m数组查找,有相同的,把相同的换掉
    if (m[i].equals(m[j])) {
    m[j] = "N";
    sz[i]++;
    }
    }
    if (m[i].equals("N") != true) {
    System.out.println(m[i] + " " + sz[i]);
    }
    }
    }
    }

    5.类的设计
    日期类:
    package zhigong;

    public class Data {
    private int year;
    private int month;
    private int day;

    public void Data() {
    }
    
    public Data(int year, int month, int day) {
    	this.year = year;
    	this.month = month;
    	this.day = day;
    }
    
    public void setyear(int year) {
    	this.year = year;
    }
    
    public int getyear() {
    	return year;
    }
    
    public void setmonth(int month) {
    	this.month = month;
    }
    
    public int getmonth() {
    	return month;
    }
    
    public void setday(int day) {
    	this.day = day;
    }
    
    public int getday() {
    	return day;
    }
    
    public String tostring() {
    	return this.year + "-" + this.month + "-" + this.day;
    }
    

    }
    部门类:
    package zhigong;

    public class Bumen {
    private int Bmno;
    private String Bmname;
    private Zhigong emps[];
    private Zhigong manager1;

    public Bumen() {
    }
    
    public Bumen(int Bmno, String Bmname) {
    	this.Bmno = Bmno;
    	this.Bmname = Bmname;
    }
    
    public int getBmno() {
    	return Bmno;
    }
    
    public void setBmno(String bmno) {
    	this.Bmno = Bmno;
    }
    
    public String getBmname() {
    	return Bmname;
    }
    
    public void setBmname(String bmname) {
    	this.Bmname = Bmname;
    }
    
    public Zhigong getManager1() {
    	return manager1;
    }
    
    public void setManager1(Zhigong manager1) {
    	this.manager1 = manager1;
    }
    
    public Zhigong[] getEmps() {
    	return emps;
    }
    
    public void setEmps(Zhigong[] emps) {
    	this.emps = emps;
    }
    
    public String tostring() {
    	return "部门编号:" + this.Bmno + "
    部门名称:" + this.Bmname;
    }
    

    }
    职工类:
    package zhigong;

    public class Zhigong {
    private int no;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private int gzsj;
    private Data shengri;
    private Bumen gzbm1;

    public Zhigong(int no, String name, String sex, int gzsj) {
    	this.no = no;
    	this.name = name;
    	this.sex = sex;
    	this.gzsj = gzsj;
    }
    
    public Zhigong() {
    }
    
    public int getNo() {
    	return no;
    }
    
    public void setNo(int no) {
    	this.no = no;
    }
    
    public String getName() {
    	return name;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
    	this.name = name;
    }
    
    public String getSex() {
    	return sex;
    }
    
    public void setSex(String sex) {
    	this.sex = sex;
    }
    
    public int getGzsj() {
    	return gzsj;
    }
    
    public void setGzsj(int gzsj) {
    	this.gzsj = gzsj;
    }
    
    public Data getShengri() {
    	return shengri;
    }
    
    public void setShengri(Data shengri) {
    	this.shengri = shengri;
    }
    
    public Bumen getGzbm1() {
    	return gzbm1;
    }
    
    public void setGzbm1(Bumen gzbm1) {
    	this.gzbm1 = gzbm1;
    }
    
    public String tostring() {
    	return "
    员工编号:" + this.no + "
    姓名:" + this.name + "
    性别:" + this.sex + "
    生日:" + shengri.tostring()
    			+ "
    参加工作时间:" + this.gzsj+"
    ";
    }
    

    }
    测试类:
    package zhigong;

    public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    Bumen bm1 = new Bumen(1, "中路部");
    Bumen bm2 = new Bumen(2, "下路部");
    Zhigong zg1 = new Zhigong(1001, "阿狸", "女", 2000);// 员工实例化
    Zhigong zg2 = new Zhigong(1002, "安妮", "女", 2001);
    Zhigong zg3 = new Zhigong(1003, "吉格斯", "男", 2002);
    Zhigong zg4 = new Zhigong(1004, "拉克丝", "女", 2003);
    Zhigong zg5 = new Zhigong(1005, "亚索", "男", 2004);
    Zhigong zg6 = new Zhigong(1006, "崔丝塔娜", "女", 2005);
    Zhigong zg7 = new Zhigong(1007, "薇恩", "女", 2006);
    Zhigong zg8 = new Zhigong(1008, "伊泽瑞尔", "男", 2007);
    Zhigong zg9 = new Zhigong(1009, "德莱文", "男", 2008);
    Zhigong zg10 = new Zhigong(1010, "卢锡安", "男", 2009);

    	bm1.setManager1(zg1);
    	bm2.setManager1(zg6);
    	Data sr1 = new Data(1997, 1, 1);
    	Data sr2 = new Data(1997, 2, 2);
    	Data sr3 = new Data(1997, 3, 3);
    	Data sr4 = new Data(1997, 4, 4);
    	Data sr5 = new Data(1997, 5, 5);
    	Data sr6 = new Data(1997, 6, 6);
    	Data sr7 = new Data(1997, 7, 7);
    	Data sr8 = new Data(1997, 8, 8);
    	Data sr9 = new Data(1997, 9, 9);
    	Data sr10 = new Data(1997, 10, 10);
    
    	zg1.setShengri(sr1);
    	zg2.setShengri(sr2);
    	zg3.setShengri(sr3);
    	zg4.setShengri(sr4);
    	zg5.setShengri(sr5);
    	zg6.setShengri(sr6);
    	zg7.setShengri(sr7);
    	zg8.setShengri(sr8);
    	zg9.setShengri(sr9);
    	zg10.setShengri(sr10);
    
    	zg1.setGzbm1(bm1);
    	zg2.setGzbm1(bm1);
    	zg3.setGzbm1(bm1);
    	zg4.setGzbm1(bm1);
    	zg5.setGzbm1(bm1);
    	zg6.setGzbm1(bm2);
    	zg7.setGzbm1(bm2);
    	zg8.setGzbm1(bm2);
    	zg9.setGzbm1(bm2);
    	zg10.setGzbm1(bm2);
    
    	bm1.setEmps(new Zhigong[] { zg1, zg2, zg3, zg4, zg5 });
    	bm2.setEmps(new Zhigong[] { zg6, zg7, zg8, zg9, zg10, });
    //	System.out.println(zg1.getName() + "所在部门:
    " + zg1.getGzbm1().tostring()+"
    ");
    //	System.out.println(zg1.getName() + "所在部门部门经理:" + zg1.getGzbm1().getManager1().tostring()+"
    ");
    
    	System.out.println(bm1.getBmname() + "部门经理:" + bm1.getManager1().tostring());
    	System.out.println(bm1.getBmname() + "员工:");
    	for (int i = 0; i < bm1.getEmps().length; i++) {
    		System.out.println(bm1.getEmps()[i].tostring());
    	}
    	System.out.println(bm2.getBmname() + "部门经理:" + bm2.getManager1().tostring());
    	System.out.println(bm2.getBmname() + "员工:");
    	for (int i = 0; i < bm2.getEmps().length; i++) {
    		System.out.println(bm2.getEmps()[i].tostring());
    	}
    
    }
    

    }

    链接:https://gitee.com/Mty19971013/java-hebau

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mty1997/p/8666580.html
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