MMDetection源码解析：Focal loss

Focal loss在文件.\mmdet\models\losses\focal_loss.py实现,代码如下：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from mmcv.ops import sigmoid_focal_loss as _sigmoid_focal_loss

from ..builder import LOSSES
from .utils import weight_reduce_loss


# This method is only for debugging
def py_sigmoid_focal_loss(pred,
                          target,
                          weight=None,
                          gamma=2.0,
                          alpha=0.25,
                          reduction='mean',
                          avg_factor=None):
    """PyTorch version of `Focal Loss <https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.02002>`_.

    Args:
        pred (torch.Tensor): The prediction with shape (N, C), C is the
            number of classes
        target (torch.Tensor): The learning label of the prediction.
        weight (torch.Tensor, optional): Sample-wise loss weight.
        gamma (float, optional): The gamma for calculating the modulating
            factor. Defaults to 2.0.
        alpha (float, optional): A balanced form for Focal Loss.
            Defaults to 0.25.
        reduction (str, optional): The method used to reduce the loss into
            a scalar. Defaults to 'mean'.
        avg_factor (int, optional): Average factor that is used to average
            the loss. Defaults to None.
    """
    pred_sigmoid = pred.sigmoid()
    target = target.type_as(pred)
    pt = (1 - pred_sigmoid) * target + pred_sigmoid * (1 - target)
    focal_weight = (alpha * target + (1 - alpha) *
                    (1 - target)) * pt.pow(gamma)
    loss = F.binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(
        pred, target, reduction='none') * focal_weight
    loss = weight_reduce_loss(loss, weight, reduction, avg_factor)
    return loss


def sigmoid_focal_loss(pred,
                       target,
                       weight=None,
                       gamma=2.0,
                       alpha=0.25,
                       reduction='mean',
                       avg_factor=None):
    r"""A warpper of cuda version `Focal Loss
    <https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.02002>`_.

    Args:
        pred (torch.Tensor): The prediction with shape (N, C), C is the number
            of classes.
        target (torch.Tensor): The learning label of the prediction.
        weight (torch.Tensor, optional): Sample-wise loss weight.
        gamma (float, optional): The gamma for calculating the modulating
            factor. Defaults to 2.0.
        alpha (float, optional): A balanced form for Focal Loss.
            Defaults to 0.25.
        reduction (str, optional): The method used to reduce the loss into
            a scalar. Defaults to 'mean'. Options are "none", "mean" and "sum".
        avg_factor (int, optional): Average factor that is used to average
            the loss. Defaults to None.
    """
    # Function.apply does not accept keyword arguments, so the decorator
    # "weighted_loss" is not applicable
    loss = _sigmoid_focal_loss(pred, target, gamma, alpha, None, 'none')
    if weight is not None:
        if weight.shape != loss.shape:
            if weight.size(0) == loss.size(0):
                # For most cases, weight is of shape (num_priors, ),
                #  which means it does not have the second axis num_class
                weight = weight.view(-1, 1)
            else:
                # Sometimes, weight per anchor per class is also needed. e.g.
                #  in FSAF. But it may be flattened of shape
                #  (num_priors x num_class, ), while loss is still of shape
                #  (num_priors, num_class).
                assert weight.numel() == loss.numel()
                weight = weight.view(loss.size(0), -1)
        assert weight.ndim == loss.ndim

    loss = weight_reduce_loss(loss, weight, reduction, avg_factor)
    return loss


@LOSSES.register_module()
class FocalLoss(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self,
                 use_sigmoid=True,
                 gamma=2.0,
                 alpha=0.25,
                 reduction='mean',
                 loss_weight=1.0):
        """`Focal Loss <https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.02002>`_

        Args:
            use_sigmoid (bool, optional): Whether to the prediction is
                used for sigmoid or softmax. Defaults to True.
            gamma (float, optional): The gamma for calculating the modulating
                factor. Defaults to 2.0.
            alpha (float, optional): A balanced form for Focal Loss.
                Defaults to 0.25.
            reduction (str, optional): The method used to reduce the loss into
                a scalar. Defaults to 'mean'. Options are "none", "mean" and
                "sum".
            loss_weight (float, optional): Weight of loss. Defaults to 1.0.
        """
        super(FocalLoss, self).__init__()
        assert use_sigmoid is True, 'Only sigmoid focal loss supported now.'
        self.use_sigmoid = use_sigmoid
        self.gamma = gamma
        self.alpha = alpha
        self.reduction = reduction
        self.loss_weight = loss_weight

    def forward(self,
                pred,
                target,
                weight=None,
                avg_factor=None,
                reduction_override=None):
        """Forward function.

        Args:
            pred (torch.Tensor): The prediction.
            target (torch.Tensor): The learning label of the prediction.
            weight (torch.Tensor, optional): The weight of loss for each
                prediction. Defaults to None.
            avg_factor (int, optional): Average factor that is used to average
                the loss. Defaults to None.
            reduction_override (str, optional): The reduction method used to
                override the original reduction method of the loss.
                Options are "none", "mean" and "sum".

        Returns:
            torch.Tensor: The calculated loss
        """
        assert reduction_override in (None, 'none', 'mean', 'sum')
        reduction = (
            reduction_override if reduction_override else self.reduction)
        if self.use_sigmoid:
            loss_cls = self.loss_weight * sigmoid_focal_loss(
                pred,
                target,
                weight,
                gamma=self.gamma,
                alpha=self.alpha,
                reduction=reduction,
                avg_factor=avg_factor)
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError
        return loss_cls

Focalloss类继承自nn.Module类,主要包括以下函数：

(1) __init__(): 初始化函数,主要包括gamma, alpha等参数;

(2) forward(): 通过调用sigmoid_focal_loss()计算loss.

sigmoid_focal_loss()函数的主要参数包括：

(1) pred,预测值,是一个(N, C)的tensor,其中N是样本数量,C是类别数量;

(2) target,目标值,是一个(N)的tensor;

(3) weight,每一个样本的权重,是一个(N)的tensor.

sigmoid_focal_loss()函数通过调用_sigmoid_focal_loss(),得到一个(N, C)的tensor,然后再通过weight_reduce_loss()函数变成一个(C)的tensor并返回.