文档目录
一、sed-简介
1、shell对文件操作介绍
2、sed命令简介
3、sed语法： sed [options] '{command}{flags}' [filename]
二、sed-命令选项（ -e ; -f ; -n ; -i ; -i.bak ; -r ; ! ）
1、-e：将脚本中指定的一个或多个命令添加到处理输入时执行
2、-f：将文本中指定的命令添加到处理输入时执行的命令中
3、-n：抑制自动输出
4、-i：编辑文件内容
5、-i.bak：修改同时创建.bak备份源文件
三、sed-内部命令（ a ; i ; p ; d ; s ; c ; y ）
1、a ：在匹配后面添加
2、i ：在匹配前面添加
3、p ：打印
4、d ：删除
5、s ：查找替换
6、c ：更改
7、y ：转换
四、sed-flags( 0-9 ; g ; p ; w filename)
1、数字：表示新文本替换的模式
2、g ：表示用新文本替换现在文本的全部实例
3、p ：表示打印原始的内容
4、w filename ：将替换的结果写入文件
五、sed-小技巧
1、$统计文本有多少行
2、-r正则统计
3、^每行开头插入内容
4、$每行结尾追加内容
5、删除空行：/^$/d
6、删除空格：s/ *//g
7、查看/删除-注释行或空行
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shell脚本编写中，会用到对文件的相关操作，如：增加内容，修改内容，删除部分内容，查看部分内容等，但是上述举例的这些操作一般都是需要文本编辑器中才能操作，常用的文本编辑器如：gedit、vim、nano等交互式文本编辑器，脚本无法自己独立完成，必须有人参与才可以完成，如果这样的话违背了我们编写脚本的初衷（全部由机器完成，减少人的工作压力，提升工作效率），如何才能让这些操作全部脚本自己搞定，而不需要人的参与。
为了解决上述问题，liunx为大家提供了一些命令，比如Perl、sed等命令，今天我就着重为大家介绍一下sed命令
sed是liunx中提供的一个外部命令，它是一个行编辑器，非交互式的对文件内容进行增删改查的操作，使用者只能在命令行输入编辑命令、指定文件名，然后在屏幕上查看输出。它和文本编辑器是有本质的区别：
文本编辑器：编辑对象是文件，一次处理一个文本
行编辑器：编辑的对象是文件中的行，一次处理文本中一行
3、sed语法： sed [options] '{command}{flags}' [filename]
二、sed-命令选项（ -e ; -f ; -n ; -i ; -i.bak ; -r ; ! ）
[root@localhost test20210807]# cat data1 #初始化数据
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
1、-e ：将脚本中指定的一个或多个命令添加到处理输入时执行
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed -e '3s/dog/cat/;s/brown/green/' data1 #同时替换2个内容:dog->cat;brown->green
1 the quick green fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick green fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick green fox jumps over the lazy cat.
4 the quick green fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick green fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# cat script20210808 #命令在脚本内一个命令写一行
3s/dog/cat/
s/brown/green/
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed -f script20210808 data1 #传递文本中命令执行
1 the quick green fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick green fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick green fox jumps over the lazy cat.
4 the quick green fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick green fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed -n '3s/dog/cat/p' data1 #将第3行第一个dog替换为cat,只打印次行，抑制自动打印
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed -i '3s/dog/cat/' data1 #修改源文件，不输出
[root@localhost test20210808]# cat data1
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed -i.bak '3s/dog/cat/' data1 #修改第3行cat->dog,并保存源文件为.bak
[root@localhost test20210808]# cat data1
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# cat data1.bak
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
6、-r：使用扩展的正则表达式
7、!：取反（跟在模式条件后与shell有所区别）（暂无例子）
三、sed-内部命令（ a ; i ; p ; d ; s ; c ; y ）
[root@localhost test20210807]# cat data1 #初始化数据
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210807]# sed 'ahello world' data1 #在每行后追加helloworld
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hello world
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hello world
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hello world
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hello world
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hello world
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed 'ihello world' data1 #在每行前面插入helloworld
hello world
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hello world
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hello world
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hello world
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hello world
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '/3 the/ihello world' data1 #匹配模式在第3行前插入
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hello world
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed 'p' data1 #打印文件内容，再输出一遍
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '3p' data1 #打印第3行，再输出原始文件一遍
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed 'd' data1 #全部删除
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '2d' data1 #删除第二行
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '2-5d' data1 #删除第2-5行
sed: -e expression #1, char 2: unknown command: `-'
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed 'd' data1 #全部删除
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '2d' data1 #删除第2行
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '2,5d' data1 #删除第2-5行
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '/3 the/d' data1 #匹配模式删除第3行
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed 's/dog/cat/' data1 #替换dog为cat
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '3s/dog/cat/' data1 #替换第3行dog为cat
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '2,4s/dog/cat/' data1 #替换第2-4行dog为cat
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '/3 the/s/dog/cat/' data1 #匹配模式替换第3行dog为cat
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed 'chello world' data1 #每行更改
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '3chello world' data1 #修改第3行
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hello world
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '2,4chello world' data1 #删除2-4行，并在第2行位置插入
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hello world
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '/3 the/chello world' data1 #匹配模式更改第3行
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hello world
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed 'y/abcdefg/ABCDEFG/' data1 #转换指定值
1 thE quiCk Brown Fox jumps ovEr thE lAzy DoG.
2 thE quiCk Brown Fox jumps ovEr thE lAzy DoG.
3 thE quiCk Brown Fox jumps ovEr thE lAzy DoG.
4 thE quiCk Brown Fox jumps ovEr thE lAzy DoG.
5 thE quiCk Brown Fox jumps ovEr thE lAzy DoG.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed 'y/abcdefg/1234567/' data1 #转换指定值
1 th5 qui3k 2rown 6ox jumps ov5r th5 l1zy 4o7.
2 th5 qui3k 2rown 6ox jumps ov5r th5 l1zy 4o7.
3 th5 qui3k 2rown 6ox jumps ov5r th5 l1zy 4o7.
4 th5 qui3k 2rown 6ox jumps ov5r th5 l1zy 4o7.
5 th5 qui3k 2rown 6ox jumps ov5r th5 l1zy 4o7.
四、sed-flags：（ 0-9 ; g ; p ; w filename ）
[root@localhost test20210808]# cat data3 #数据准备-flags测试
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed 's/dog/cat/2' data3 #将第2个dog替换为cat
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.cat.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.cat.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.cat.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.cat.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.cat.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed 's/dog/cat/g' data3 #将所有的dog替换为cat
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.cat.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.cat.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.cat.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.cat.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.cat.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '3s/dog/cat/p' data3 #将第3行第一个dog替换为cat，且打印出
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed '3s/dog/cat/w savedata3' data3 #将第3行第一个dog替换为cat，且w保存到对应文件内
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# cat savedata3
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat.dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# cat data1 #测试数据
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed -n '$=' data1 #统计文本有多少行，等价于wc -l < data1
5
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed -nr '/^(root)(.*)(bash)$/p' /etc/passwd #统计以root开头中间是任意，bash结尾的账户信息
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed s/^/hi../ data1 #每行开头插入hi..
hi..1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hi..2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hi..3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hi..4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
hi..5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed s#$#verygood# data1 #每行结尾追加verygood
1 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.verygood
2 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.verygood
3 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.verygood
4 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.verygood
5 the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.verygood
[root@localhost test20210808]# cat data4 #测试数据
test line1
test line3 ok hello test very good
test line5
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed /^$/d data4 #删除空行
test line1
test line3 ok hello test very good
test line5
[root@localhost test20210808]# cat data4 #测试数据
test line1
test line3 ok hello test very good
test line5
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed "s/ *//g" data4 #删除空格
testline1
testline3okhellotestverygood
testline5
[root@localhost test20210808]# cat data2 #测试空行和#号的删除
# line1 注释
# line2 注释
line4 正文
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed -ne '/^#/p;/^$/p' data2 #-e查看#号或空格开头
# line1 注释
# line2 注释
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed -nr '/(^#|#|^$)/p' data2 #正则查看#号或空格开头
# line1 注释
# line2 注释
[root@localhost test20210808]# sed -r '/(^#|#|^$)/d' data2 #正则删除#号或空格开头
line4 正文