Django-csrf中间件

一、详解csrf原理

csrf要求发送post，put，或者delete请求的时候，是先以get方式发送请求，服务端响应时会分配一个随机字符串给客户端，客户端第二次发送post，put或delete请求的时携带上次分配的字符串到服务端进行校验。（大白话：用户开始的时候请求网站是发GET请求，之后服务端CSRF会携带一个随机字符型给客户端，当用户提前POST或put、delete请求的时候CSRF会校验随机字符串是不是合法的。）

二、Django中间件的CSRF

首先，我们知道Django中间件作用于整个项目。

在一个项目中，如果想对全局所有视图函数或视图类起作用时，就可以在中间件中实现，比如想实现用户登录判断，用户访问频率，基于用户的权限管理（RBAC）等都可以在Django中间件中来进行操作。

三、Django中间件的CSRF的源码解析：

class CsrfViewMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):

    def _accept(self, request):
        request.csrf_processing_done = True
        return None

    def _reject(self, request, reason):
        logger.warning(
            'Forbidden (%s): %s', reason, request.path,
            extra={
                'status_code': 403,
                'request': request,
            }
        )
        return _get_failure_view()(request, reason=reason)

    def _get_token(self, request):
        if settings.CSRF_USE_SESSIONS:
            try:
                return request.session.get(CSRF_SESSION_KEY)
            except AttributeError:
                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                    'CSRF_USE_SESSIONS is enabled, but request.session is not '
                    'set. SessionMiddleware must appear before CsrfViewMiddleware '
                    'in MIDDLEWARE%s.' % ('_CLASSES' if settings.MIDDLEWARE is None else '')
                )
        else:
            try:
                cookie_token = request.COOKIES[settings.CSRF_COOKIE_NAME]
            except KeyError:
                return None

            csrf_token = _sanitize_token(cookie_token)
            if csrf_token != cookie_token:
                # Cookie token needed to be replaced;
                # the cookie needs to be reset.
                request.csrf_cookie_needs_reset = True
            return csrf_token

    def _set_token(self, request, response):
        if settings.CSRF_USE_SESSIONS:
            request.session[CSRF_SESSION_KEY] = request.META['CSRF_COOKIE']
        else:
            response.set_cookie(
                settings.CSRF_COOKIE_NAME,
                request.META['CSRF_COOKIE'],
                max_age=settings.CSRF_COOKIE_AGE,
                domain=settings.CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN,
                path=settings.CSRF_COOKIE_PATH,
                secure=settings.CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE,
                httponly=settings.CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY,
            )
            patch_vary_headers(response, ('Cookie',))

    def process_request(self, request):
        csrf_token = self._get_token(request)
        if csrf_token is not None:
            # Use same token next time.
            request.META['CSRF_COOKIE'] = csrf_token

    def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
        if getattr(request, 'csrf_processing_done', False):
            return None

        if getattr(callback, 'csrf_exempt', False):
            return None

        if request.method not in ('GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS', 'TRACE'):
            if getattr(request, '_dont_enforce_csrf_checks', False):
                return self._accept(request)

            if request.is_secure():
                referer = force_text(
                    request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER'),
                    strings_only=True,
                    errors='replace'
                )
                if referer is None:
                    return self._reject(request, REASON_NO_REFERER)

                referer = urlparse(referer)

                if '' in (referer.scheme, referer.netloc):
                    return self._reject(request, REASON_MALFORMED_REFERER)

                if referer.scheme != 'https':
                    return self._reject(request, REASON_INSECURE_REFERER)

                good_referer = (
                    settings.SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN
                    if settings.CSRF_USE_SESSIONS
                    else settings.CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN
                )
                if good_referer is not None:
                    server_port = request.get_port()
                    if server_port not in ('443', '80'):
                        good_referer = '%s:%s' % (good_referer, server_port)
                else:
                    good_referer = request.get_host()

                good_hosts = list(settings.CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS)
                good_hosts.append(good_referer)

                if not any(is_same_domain(referer.netloc, host) for host in good_hosts):
                    reason = REASON_BAD_REFERER % referer.geturl()
                    return self._reject(request, reason)

            csrf_token = request.META.get('CSRF_COOKIE')
            if csrf_token is None:
                return self._reject(request, REASON_NO_CSRF_COOKIE)

            request_csrf_token = ""
            if request.method == "POST":
                try:
                    request_csrf_token = request.POST.get('csrfmiddlewaretoken', '')
                except IOError:
                    pass

            if request_csrf_token == "":
                request_csrf_token = request.META.get(settings.CSRF_HEADER_NAME, '')

            request_csrf_token = _sanitize_token(request_csrf_token)
            if not _compare_salted_tokens(request_csrf_token, csrf_token):
                return self._reject(request, REASON_BAD_TOKEN)

        return self._accept(request)

    def process_response(self, request, response):
        if not getattr(request, 'csrf_cookie_needs_reset', False):
            if getattr(response, 'csrf_cookie_set', False):
                return response

        if not request.META.get("CSRF_COOKIE_USED", False):
            return response

        self._set_token(request, response)
        response.csrf_cookie_set = True
        return response

从上面的源码找那个可以看到，CsrfViewMiddleware中间件中定义process_request,prcess_view和process_response三个方法

首先我们来看下process_request方法：

def _get_token(self, request):  
    if settings.CSRF_USE_SESSIONS:  
        try:  
            return request.session.get(CSRF_SESSION_KEY)  
        except AttributeError:  
            raise ImproperlyConfigured(  
                'CSRF_USE_SESSIONS is enabled, but request.session is not '  
 'set. SessionMiddleware must appear before CsrfViewMiddleware ' 'in MIDDLEWARE%s.' % ('_CLASSES' if settings.MIDDLEWARE is None else '')  
            )  
    else:  
        try:  
            cookie_token = request.COOKIES[settings.CSRF_COOKIE_NAME]  
        except KeyError:  
            return None  
  
  csrf_token = _sanitize_token(cookie_token)  
        if csrf_token != cookie_token:  
            # Cookie token needed to be replaced;  
 # the cookie needs to be reset.  request.csrf_cookie_needs_reset = True  
 return csrf_token

def process_request(self, request):  
        csrf_token = self._get_token(request)  
        if csrf_token is not None:  
            # Use same token next time.  
      request.META['CSRF_COOKIE'] = csrf_token

从Django项目配置文件夹中读取CSRF_USE_SESSIONS的值，如果获取成功，则从session中读取CSRF_SESSION_KEY的值，默认为'_csrftoken'，如果没有获取到CSRF_USE_SESSIONS的值，则从发送过来的请求中获取CSRF_COOKIE_NAME的值，如果没有定义则返回None。

再来看process_view方法

在process_view方法中，先检查视图函数是否被csrf_exempt装饰器装饰，如果视图函数没有被csrf_exempt装饰器装饰，则程序继续执行，否则返回None。接着从request请求头中或者cookie中获取携带的token并进行验证，验证通过才会继续执行与URL匹配的视图函数，否则就返回403 Forbidden错误。

四、在实际项目中，会在发送POST,PUT,DELETE,PATCH请求时，在提交的form表单中添加{% csrf_token%}

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <p>username:<input type="text" name="username"></p>
    <p>target_account:<input type="text" name="target_user"></p>
    <p>money:<input type="text" name="money"></p>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

#通过浏览器查看我们课一看到它给我们加了name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="rJ47FeK9T55wavvVJGY6UxdM1kTMHhTqotGfaXjXIK8Ahz2Uvs02yR9T8bBn5q2D"。
#如下面标签
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="rJ47FeK9T55wavvVJGY6UxdM1kTMHhTqotGfaXjXIK8Ahz2Uvs02yR9T8bBn5q2D">

五、在遇到ajax的时候我们如何解决呢：

1.方式一：

#先在页面任意的位置上书写{% csrf_token %}
#然后在发送ajax请求的时候 通过标签查找获取随机字符串添加到data自定义对象即可
data:{'username':'jason','csrfmiddlewaretoken':$('input[name="csrfmiddlewaretoken"]').val()},

2.方式二：

data:{'username':'jason','csrfmiddlewaretoken':'{{ csrf_token }}'},        

3.方式三：

直接建一个js文件，拷贝代码，导入即可，你不需要做任何的CSRF相关的代码书写

function getCookie(name) {
    var cookieValue = null;
    if (document.cookie && document.cookie !== '') {
        var cookies = document.cookie.split(';');
        for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
            var cookie = jQuery.trim(cookies[i]);
            // Does this cookie string begin with the name we want?
            if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) === (name + '=')) {
                cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1));
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    return cookieValue;
}
var csrftoken = getCookie('csrftoken');

function csrfSafeMethod(method) {
  // these HTTP methods do not require CSRF protection
  return (/^(GET|HEAD|OPTIONS|TRACE)$/.test(method));
}

$.ajaxSetup({
  beforeSend: function (xhr, settings) {
    if (!csrfSafeMethod(settings.type) && !this.crossDomain) {
      xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", csrftoken);
    }
  }
});

六、CSRF相关的装饰器：

1.第一种情况：

from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt,csrf_protect
# @csrf_exempt  # 给谁装饰就不校验谁 csrf
def index(request):
    return HttpResponse('index')


@csrf_protect  # 给谁装饰就给谁校验csrf
def login(request):
    return HttpResponse('login')

2.第二种情况：

#当这两个装饰器在CBV上有何异同
# @method_decorator(csrf_exempt,name='post')  # csrf_exempt不支持该方法加装饰器
@method_decorator(csrf_exempt,name='dispatch')  # csrf_exempt这种方法支持
class MyIndex(views.View):
    # @method_decorator(csrf_exempt)  # 这种方法也是支持
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)
    def get(self,request):
        return render(request,'transfer.html')
    # @method_decorator(csrf_exempt,name='post')  # csrf_exempt不支持该方法
    def post(self,request):
        return HttpResponse('OK')        
# csrf_exempt这个装饰器只能给dispatch装才能生效！！！！

3.第三种情况：

csrf_protect方式全都可以  跟你普通的装饰器装饰CBV一致！

class MyIndex(views.View):
    @method_decorator(csrf_protect)
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)
    def get(self,request):
        return render(request,'transfer.html')
    # @method_decorator(csrf_protect)  # 可以
    def post(self,request):
        return HttpResponse('OK')