Spring事务配置的五种方式

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

     <bean id="sessionFactory"  
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </bean>  

     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
     <bean id="transactionManager"
         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>
     
     <!-- 配置DAO -->
     <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>
     
     <bean id="userDao"  
         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">  
            <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
            <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />     
         <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  
          <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
         <property name="transactionAttributes">  
             <props>  
                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
             </props>  
         </property>  
     </bean>  
</beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

     <bean id="sessionFactory"  
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </bean>  

     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
     <bean id="transactionManager"
         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>
     
     <bean id="transactionBase"  
             class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  
             lazy-init="true" abstract="true">  
         <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  
         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
         <property name="transactionAttributes">  
             <props>  
                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
             </props>  
         </property>  
     </bean>    
    
     <!-- 配置DAO -->
     <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>
     
     <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >  
         <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />   
     </bean>
</beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

     <bean id="sessionFactory"  
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </bean>  

     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
     <bean id="transactionManager"
         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean> 
    
     <bean id="transactionInterceptor"  
         class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">  
         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  
         <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
         <property name="transactionAttributes">  
             <props>  
                 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
             </props>  
         </property>  
     </bean>
       
     <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">  
         <property name="beanNames">  
             <list>  
                 <value>*Dao</value>
            </list>  
         </property>  
         <property name="interceptorNames">  
             <list>  
                 <value>transactionInterceptor</value>  
             </list>  
         </property>  
     </bean>  
   
     <!-- 配置DAO -->
     <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>
</beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

     <context:annotation-config />
     <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

     <bean id="sessionFactory"  
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </bean>  

     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
     <bean id="transactionManager"
         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>

     <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
         <tx:attributes>
             <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
         </tx:attributes>
     </tx:advice>
     
     <aop:config>
         <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
             expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
         <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
             pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />        
     </aop:config>      
</beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

     <context:annotation-config />
     <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

     <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

     <bean id="sessionFactory"  
             class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
         <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
         <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </bean>  

     <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
     <bean id="transactionManager"
         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
     </bean>
     
</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

 @Transactional
 @Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

     public List<User> listUsers() {
         return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
     }
     
     
 }