• JDK动态代理实现源码分析


    JDK动态代理实现方式

    在Spring框架中经典的AOP就是通过动态代理来实现的,Spring分别采用了JDK的动态代理和Cglib动态代理,本文就来分析一下JDK是如何实现动态代理的。

    在分析源码之前我们先通过一个简单的例子看看JDK是如何实现动态代理的。

    JDK的动态代理是基于接口实现的,所以我们被代理的对象必须有一个接口(后面我们会分析为什么是基于接口实现的)

    public interface UserService {
        /**
         * 显示一下用户信息
         * @param userId
         */
        public void displayUser(String userId);
    }

    然后实现类实现UserService接口

    public class UserServiceImpl implements  UserService {
        @Override
        public void displayUser(String userId) {
            System.out.println("display:"+userId);
        }
    }

    关键的一步是实现InvocationHandler

    public class MyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
        //被代理对象,java代理模式的一个必要要素就是代理对象要能拿到被代理对象的引用
        private Object target;
        public MyInvocationHandler(){
    
        }
        public MyInvocationHandler(Object target){
            this.target=target;
        }
    
        /**
         * 回调方法
         * @param proxy JDK生成的代理对象
         * @param method 被代理的方法
         * @param args  被代理方法的参数
         * @return
         * @throws Throwable
         */
        @Override
        public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {         System.out.println("执行前...");
            Object object= method.invoke(target,args);
            System.out.println("执行后...");
            return object;
        }
    }

    invoke方法第一个参数是JDK生成的代理对象,这个参数需要注意。因为在invoke中调用proxy的hashcode()、equals()、toString()、 method.invoke(proxy,args);都会递归调用invoke方法出现死循环。后边我们通过源码来看一下原因。

    最后我们来写一个测试类测试一下:

    public class Test {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
            UserService userService = (UserService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(UserService.class.getClassLoader(), UserServiceImpl.class.getInterfaces(), new MyInvocationHandler(new UserServiceImpl()));
            userService.displayUser("234");
            System.out.println(userService.toString());
        }
    }

    通过Proxy.newProxyInstance可以获得一个代理对象,它实现了UserService接口,打印一下地址我们可以看到确实是一个代理类:

    执行前...
    display:234
    执行后...
    class com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0

     源码分析

     Proxy.newProxyInstance

    public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
                                              Class<?>[] interfaces,
                                              InvocationHandler h)
            throws IllegalArgumentException
        {
         //校验InvocationHandler不能为空 Objects.requireNonNull(h);
    final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone(); final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
         //进行权限校验,非关键代码可以不用关心
    if (sm != null) { checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs); } /* * Look up or generate the designated proxy class. */
         //这个是关键代码,根据classloader、interfaces生成代理类字节码,直接生成的.class不是生成.java编译的 Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs); /* * Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler. */ try { if (sm != null) { checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl); }        //获取代理类的构造器(构造器入参:{InvocationHandler.class}) final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams); final InvocationHandler ih = h;
           //如果代理类是不可访问的,通过特权将它设置它的构造器为可访问的
    if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) { AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() { public Void run() { cons.setAccessible(true); return null; } }); }
            //通过构造器生成代理对象并返回
    return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h}); } catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { Throwable t = e.getCause(); if (t instanceof RuntimeException) { throw (RuntimeException) t; } else { throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t); } } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e); } }

    这个方法的代码量比较少,总结一下分为三步:

    第一步:通过classloader、interfaces获取代理类Class;

    第二步:通过代理类Class获取入参为{InvocationHandler}的构造器;

    第三步:通过构造器实例化代理对象。

    其中,第一步是最关键的代码,我再深入getProxyClass0方法看看具体都干了什么 

      private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,Class<?>... interfaces) {    
        //接口数不能大于65535
    if (interfaces.length > 65535) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded"); } // If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing // the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy; // otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
    //如果代理类已存在与缓存中直接获取,如果不存在通过ProxyClassFactory生成并返回 return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces); }

    我们这里主要关心代理类是如何生成的,缓存的机制我们先略过,回头可以再开一篇分析一下缓存机制。我们这里只要知道如果缓存中没有对应的代理类就调用ProxyClassFactory的apply方法生成。

    public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {        
        Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
        for
    (Class<?> intf : interfaces) { /* * Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this * interface to the same Class object. */ Class<?> interfaceClass = null; try { interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { } if (interfaceClass != intf) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( intf + " is not visible from class loader"); } /* * Verify that the Class object actually represents an * interface. */ if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface"); } /* * Verify that this interface is not a duplicate. */ if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName()); } } String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL; /* * Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the * proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that * all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package. */
           //如果代理类实现的接口是否非public的,代理类和它实现的接口必须在一个包下 for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) { int flags = intf.getModifiers(); if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) { accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL; String name = intf.getName(); int n = name.lastIndexOf('.'); String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1)); if (proxyPkg == null) { proxyPkg = pkg; } else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "non-public interfaces from different packages"); } } } if (proxyPkg == null) { // if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + "."; } /* * Choose a name for the proxy class to generate. */ long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
           //代理类类名com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0 String proxyName
    = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num; /* * Generate the specified proxy class. */
        //生成class文件
    byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass( proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags); try {
    //生成Class并加载到JVM
    return defineClass0(loader, proxyName, proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length); } catch (ClassFormatError e) { /* * A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the * proxy class generation code) there was some other * invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy * class creation (such as virtual machine limitations * exceeded). */ throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString()); } } }

     ProxyClassFactory.apply方法总结一下就是以下步骤:

    第一步:校验入参Class<?> interfaces,包括classloader加载的interfaceClass是否与入参是同一个Object、interfaceClass必须是接口类型、interfaceClass集合中不能重复(通过IdentityHashMap的特性,key值相等比的是地址,即key1=key2)。

    第二步:定义代理类的包名和类名。包名规则:如果接口不是public修饰的,接口必须在同一个包下,否则会抛异常。如果接口不是public修饰的,代理类包名与接口包名相同,否则默认包名为com.sun.proxy。类名规则:$Proxy+incrementNum。

    第三步:生成代理类class文件。

    第四步:调用native方法defineClass0方法生成Class类并加载到JVM。

    我们通过ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass生成代理类Class写入本地文件并反编译:

    public class Test {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException, IOException {
            byte[] proxyClass = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass("$Proxy0", new Class[]{UserService.class});
            FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("d:\\$Proxy0.class"));
            outputStream.write(proxyClass);
            outputStream.flush();
            outputStream.close();
        }
    }

    $Proxy0.java

    import com.demo.proxy.jdk.UserService;
    import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
    import java.lang.reflect.Method;
    import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
    import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
    
    public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy
      implements UserService
    {
      private static Method m1;
      private static Method m2;
      private static Method m3;
      private static Method m0;
    
      public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler)
        throws 
      {
        super(paramInvocationHandler);
      }
    
      public final boolean equals(Object paramObject)
        throws 
      {
        try
        {
          return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();
        }
        catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException)
        {
          throw localRuntimeException;
        }
        catch (Throwable localThrowable)
        {
          throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
        }
      }
    
      public final String toString()
        throws 
      {
        try
        {
          return ((String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null));
        }
        catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException)
        {
          throw localRuntimeException;
        }
        catch (Throwable localThrowable)
        {
          throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
        }
      }
    
      public final void displayUser(String paramString)
        throws 
      {
        try
        {
          this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });
          return;
        }
        catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException)
        {
          throw localRuntimeException;
        }
        catch (Throwable localThrowable)
        {
          throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
        }
      }
    
      public final int hashCode()
        throws 
      {
        try
        {
          return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
        }
        catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException)
        {
          throw localRuntimeException;
        }
        catch (Throwable localThrowable)
        {
          throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
        }
      }
    
      static
      {
        try
        {
          m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
          m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
          m3 = Class.forName("com.demo.proxy.jdk.UserService").getMethod("displayUser", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.String") });
          m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
          return;
        }
        catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException)
        {
          throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException)
        {
          throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());
        }
      }
    }
    我们可以看到代理类$Proxy0继承了Proxy类(JAVA只能单继承),所以JDK的动态代理只能基于接口。
    首先,代理类会通过静态代码块初始化hashCode()、equals()、toString()这三个继承Object的方法,以及实现接口的方法。

    private static Method m1;
    private static Method m2;
    private static Method m3;
    private static Method m0;

     
    static { try { m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") }); m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]); m3 = Class.forName("com.demo.proxy.jdk.UserService").getMethod("displayUser", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.String") }); m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]); return; } catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException) { throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage()); } catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException) { throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage()); } }

    然后,构造方法实例化代理类,入参为InvocationHandler这是父类Proxy的属性InvocationHandler h;

     public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler)
        throws 
      {
        super(paramInvocationHandler);
      }

    最后,覆盖接口方法,方法中调用InvocationHandler的invoke方法,从而实现了动态代理。

    public final void displayUser(String paramString)
        throws 
      {
        try
        {
          this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });
          return;
        }
        catch (RuntimeException localRuntimeException)
        {
          throw localRuntimeException;
        }
        catch (Throwable localThrowable)
        {
          throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
        }
      }

    /**
    * 回调方法
    * @param proxy JDK生成的代理对象
    * @param method 被代理的方法
    * @param args 被代理方法的参数
    * @return
    * @throws Throwable
    */
    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
    System.out.println("执行前...");
    Object object= method.invoke(target,args);
    System.out.println("执行后...");
    return object;
    }
     

     到此,我们基本上了解JDK动态代理实现的原理。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/monkey0307/p/8276810.html
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