• django之中间件


    中间件:轻量级,介于 request和response之间的一道处理过程,在全局上改变了输入和输出

    在django中就默认使用了七个中间件

    MIDDLEWARE = [
        'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    ]

    通过我们查看django的源码可以知道,中间件的使用方法有如下几种

    process_request(self,request) 
    
    process_view(self,request,callback,callback_args,callbackkwargs)
    
    process_template_response(self,request,response)
    process_exception(self,request,exception) process_response(self,request,response)

    下面我们来通过自定义中间件来理解它们之间的顺序

    1 最基本的一个中间件有两种方法:process_request     process_response

    在project下面写一个py文件作为中间件文件

    #my_middleware.py
    from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
    from django.shortcuts import redirect,HttpResponse,render
    class Md1(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self,request):
    print("Md1请求")


    def process_response(self,request,response):
    print("Md1返回")
    return response
    class Md2(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self,request):
    print("Md2请求")

    def process_response(self,request,response):
    print("Md2返回")
    return response

    接着我们按照顺序分别加入settings

    MIDDLEWARE = [
        'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
        'my_middleware.Md1',
        'my_middleware.Md2',
    ]

    定义一个views函数

    def index(request):
        print("view视图")
        return HttpResponse("执行了view函数")

    执行结果:(并且页面正常显示)

    Md1请求
    Md2请求
    view视图
    Md2返回
    Md1返回

    现在我们在request的后面加上一个 return

    class Md1(MiddlewareMixin):
        def process_request(self,request):
                print("Md1请求")
                return Httpresponse("Md1中断")
    
        def process_response(self,request,response):
                print("Md1返回")
                return response 
    class Md2(MiddlewareMixin):
        def process_request(self,request):
                print("Md2请求")
           return Httpresponse("Md2中断")
    def process_response(self,request,response): 
            print("Md2返回")
            return response

    结果

    Md1请求
    Md1返回

    #页面显示
    Md1中断   ----》也就是没有执行views里面的函数

    当两个中间件只有request和response的情况

    1 request没有return的情况,按照顺序
      Md1 request  ---->  Md2 request 将view函数返回给用户 --->Md2 response --->Md1 response
    2 request有return的情况:
    Md1 request ----> 查看有没有return,有的话返回给用户----->执行 Md1 response
                没有return -------》Md2 request
    查看有没有return,有的话返回给用户 ---->执行Md2 response ---> Md1 response
                                          没有return ,将view函数返回给用户 ---》
    执行Md2 response ---> Md1 response

    2 两个中间件,有 request  response   view

    没有return的情况

    from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
    from django.shortcuts import redirect,HttpResponse,render
    
    class Md1(MiddlewareMixin):
        def process_request(self,request):
                print("Md1请求")
                # return HttpResponse("Md1中断") #返回到前端
    
        def process_response(self,request,response):
                print("Md1返回")
                return response  #不加return会报错
    
        def process_view(self,request,callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs):
            print("Md1 process_view",callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs)
    class Md2(MiddlewareMixin):
    def process_request(self,request):
    print("Md2请求")

    # return HttpResponse("Md2中断")
    def process_response(self,request,response):
    print("Md2返回")
    return response
    def process_view(self,request,callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs):
    print("Md2 process_view",callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs)

    结果:

    Md1请求
    Md2请求
    Md1 process_view <function index at 0x000001B6C0A336A8> () {}
    Md2 process_view <function index at 0x000001B6C0A336A8> () {}
    view视图
    Md2返回
    Md1返回

    有return的情况

        def process_view(self,request,callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs):
            print("Md1 process_view",callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs)
            ret=callback(request)
            return ret
    
    
        def process_view(self,request,callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs):
            print("Md2 process_view",callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs)
            ret=callback(request) #执行views里面的函数    --------------------------》 callback(request) 相当于执行 views里面的函数
            return HttpResponse(ret)

    结果:Md2的 process_view没有执行

    Md1请求
    Md2请求
    Md1 process_view <function index at 0x000001F8AA3436A8> () {}
    view视图
    Md2返回
    Md1返回
    两个中间件 含有 request  response   view
    Md1中process_view有return的话,不执行 Md2的process_view
    没有return和return在Md2的话,依次执行 Md1 process_view ---> Md2 process_view ---->view函数
    无论有无return 返回给用户的都是views视图里面的函数

     3 两个中间件 含有 request  response  view  exception

     process_exception是当执行发生错误时,返回给用户一个东西

    没有return的情况:

    from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
    from django.shortcuts import redirect,HttpResponse,render
    
    class Md1(MiddlewareMixin):
        def process_request(self,request):
                print("Md1请求")
    
    
        def process_response(self,request,response):
                print("Md1返回")
                return response  #不加return会报错
    
        def process_view(self,request,callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs):
            print("Md1 process_view",callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs)
    
        def process_exception(self,request,exception):
            print("md1 process_exception")
    
    class Md2(MiddlewareMixin):
        def process_request(self,request):
                print("Md2请求")
    
        def process_response(self,request,response):
                print("Md2返回")
                return response
        def process_view(self,request,callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs):
            print("Md2 process_view",callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs)
    
        def process_exception(self,request,exception):
            print("md2 process_exception")
     

    结果:exception的内容没有打印

    Md1请求
    Md2请求
    Md1 process_view <function index at 0x00000292CCBA46A8> () {}
    Md2 process_view <function index at 0x00000292CCBA46A8> () {}
    view视图
    Md2返回
    Md1返回

     含有return的情况

    from django.shortcuts import redirect,HttpResponse,render
    
    class Md1(MiddlewareMixin):
        def process_request(self,request):
                print("Md1请求")
     
    
        def process_response(self,request,response):
                print("Md1返回")
                return response  #不加return会报错
    
        def process_view(self,request,callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs):
            print("Md1 process_view",callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs)
    
        def process_exception(self,request,exception):
            print("md1 process_exception")
            return HttpResponse(exception)
    
    class Md2(MiddlewareMixin):
        def process_request(self,request):
                print("Md2请求")
    
        def process_response(self,request,response):
                print("Md2返回")
                return response
        def process_view(self,request,callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs):
            print("Md2 process_view",callback,callback_args,callback_kwargs)
    
        def process_exception(self,request,exception):
            print("md2 process_exception")
            return HttpResponse(exception)

    结果和没有return的时候一模一样,也就时exception里面的命令没有执行

    我们现在认为的制造一个错误

    def index(request):
        print("view视图")
        print(xinxin)    #这里是一个错误
        return HttpResponse("执行view函数")

    都有return的情况

    Md1请求
    Md2请求
    Md1 process_view <function index at 0x00000186896336A8> () {}
    Md2 process_view <function index at 0x00000186896336A8> () {}
    view视图
    md2 process_exception  #执行了 Md2的exception,并且页面返回的是 return HttpResponse(exception)
    Md2返回 
    Md1返回

    Md2没有return,Md1有return的情况

    Md1请求
    Md2请求
    Md1 process_view <function index at 0x00000276983B36A8> () {}
    Md2 process_view <function index at 0x00000276983B36A8> () {}
    view视图
    md2 process_exception
    md1 process_exception
    Md2返回
    Md1返回

     exception总结:

    当页面没有发生错误的时候,有无return,有多少个return都不会执行 exception里面的命令
    当页面有错误时:倒着从excepton中找return 找到了就返回给用户 【Md2执行excepition,没有return的话,执行 Md1中的exception,有返回给用户,都没有的话,页面报错】
    return HttpResponse(exception):中 exception存储了报错内容

     

    最最最最后:

    process_request 是顺序执行的
    process_view 是顺序执行的
    process_exception 是倒着查找的
    process_response 是倒着执行的
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mmyy-blog/p/10565442.html
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