• Android 之http编程


    HTTP-GET和HTTP-POST定义:
    都是使用HTTP的标准协议动词,用于编码和传送变量名/变量值对参数,并且使用相关的请求语义。
    每个HTTP-GET和HTTP-POST都由一系列HTTP请求头组成,这些请求头定义了客户端从服务器请求了什么,
    而响应则是由一系列HTTP请求数据和响应数据组成,如果请求成功则返回响应的数据。
    Ø HTTP-GET以使用MIME类型application/x-www-form-urlencoded的urlencoded文本的格式传递参数。
    Urlencoding是一种字符编码,保证被传送的参数由遵循规范的文本组成,例如一个空格的编码是"%20"。附加参数还能被认为是一个查询字符串。
    Ø与HTTP-GET类似,HTTP-POST参数也是被URL编码的。然而,变量名/变量值不作为URL的一部分被传送,而是放在实际的HTTP请求消息内部被传送
    GET和POST之间的主要区别:
    1、GET是从服务器上获取数据,POST是向服务器传送数据。
    2、在客户端, GET方式在通过URL提交数据,数据在URL中可以看到;POST方式,数据放置在HTML HEADER内提交
    3、对于GET方式,服务器端用Request.QueryString获取变量的值,对于POST方式,服务器端用Request.Form获取提交的数据。
    4、GET方式提交的数据最多只能有1024字节,而POST则没有此限制
    5、安全性问题。正如在(2)中提到,使用 GET 的时候,参数会显示在地址栏上,而 POST 不会。所以,如果这些数据是中文数据而且是非敏感数据,那么使用 GET ;如果用户输入的数据不是中文字符而且包含敏感数据,那么还是使用 POST为好
    Java中进行HTTP编程有如下的两种方式:标准的Java接口和标准Apache接口
    标准的Java接口 两个案例(GET和POST)
    案例1:以Java接口GET方式从服务器获得一张图片下载到本地磁盘
    首次得导入相关第三方的包
     
    源码:
     1 package com.http.get;
     2 
     3 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
     4 import java.io.IOException;
     5 import java.io.InputStream;
     6 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
     7 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
     8 import java.net.URL;
     9 
    10 public class HttpUtils {
    11 
    12     private static String urlPath="http://i6.topit.me/6/5d/45/1131907198420455d6o.jpg";
    13     private static HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection=null;
    14     public HttpUtils() {
    15         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    16     }
    17 public static InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException{
    18     InputStream inputStream=null;
    19     URL url=new URL(urlPath);
    20     if(url!=null){
    21         httpURLConnection=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
    22         httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
    23         httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);
    24         httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
    25         int code=httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
    26         if(code==200){
    27             inputStream=httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
    28         }
    29     }
    30     return inputStream;
    31 }
    32 public static void getImgToDisk() throws IOException{
    33     InputStream inputStream=getInputStream();
    34     FileOutputStream fileOutputStream=new FileOutputStream("D:\TEST.png");
    35     byte[] data=new byte[1024];
    36     int len=0;
    37     while((len=inputStream.read(data))!=-1){
    38         fileOutputStream.write(data, 0, len);
    39     }
    40     if(inputStream!=null)
    41         inputStream.close();
    42     if(fileOutputStream!=null)
    43         fileOutputStream.close();
    44 }
    45 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    46     getImgToDisk();
    47 }
    48 }
    View Code

    案例2:以Java接口POST方式向服务器提交用户名和密码,在服务器端进行简单判断,如果正确返回字符串success,否则返回fail

    服务器端简单校验:

     1  */
     2     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     3             throws ServletException, IOException {
     4         response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
     5         request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
     6         response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
     7 
     8         PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
     9         //String jsonString =JsonTools.createJsonString("person", service.getPerson());
    10         String name = request.getParameter("username");
    11         String pwd = request.getParameter("password");
    12         if (name.equals("admin")&&pwd.equals("123")) {
    13              out.print("success");
    14         }  
    15           else  {
    16               out.print("fail");
    17         }
    18         out.flush();
    19         out.close();
    20     }
    View Code

    客户端的提交:

     1 package com.http.post;
     2 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
     3 import java.io.IOException;
     4 import java.io.InputStream;
     5 import java.io.OutputStream;
     6 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
     7 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
     8 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
     9 import java.net.URL;
    10 import java.net.URLEncoder;
    11 import java.util.HashMap;
    12 import java.util.Map;
    13 
    14 import sun.net.www.http.HttpClient;
    15 
    16 public class HttpUtils {
    17 
    18     private static String PATH="http://122.206.79.193:8080/myhttp/servlet/LoginAction";
    19     private static URL URL;
    20     static{
    21         try {
    22             URL=new URL(PATH);
    23         } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
    24             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    25             e.printStackTrace();
    26         }
    27     }
    28     public HttpUtils() {
    29         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    30     }
    31 
    32     /**
    33      * 
    34      * @param params 填写的参数
    35      * @param encode 字节编码 为了避免乱码
    36      * @return 从服务端返回的信息
    37      * @throws Exception
    38      */
    39     public static String sendPostMessage(Map<String,String>params,String encode) throws Exception{
    40          StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
    41          if(params!=null&&!params.isEmpty()){
    42              for(Map.Entry<String,String> entry:params.entrySet()){
    43                  sb.append(entry.getKey()).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(),encode)).append("&");
    44              }
    45              sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length()-1);
    46              HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection=(HttpURLConnection)URL.openConnection();
    47              httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
    48              httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);//从服务器获取数据
    49              httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);//向服务器提交数据
    50              //获得上传信息字节大小及长度
    51              byte[] data=sb.toString().getBytes();
    52             //浏览器内置封装了http协议信息,但是手机或者用Java访问时并没有 所以最重要的是需要设置请求体的属性封装http协议
    53              //设置请求体的请求类型是文本类型
    54              httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");//文本类型
    55             //设置请求体的长度
    56              httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length",String.valueOf(data.length));
    57              //想要向服务器提交数据必须设置输出流,向服务器输出数据
    58              System.out.println(httpURLConnection.toString());
    59              OutputStream out=httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();
    60              out.write(data, 0, data.length);
    61              out.close();
    62              int code=httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
    63              if(code==200){
    64                  return changeInputStream(httpURLConnection.getInputStream(),encode);
    65              }
    66                  
    67          }
    68         return "";
    69     }
    70     private static String changeInputStream(InputStream inputStream,String encode) {
    71         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    72         String resString = "";
    73         ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();//内存流
    74         int len = 0;
    75         byte[] data = new byte[1024];
    76         try {
    77             while ((len = inputStream.read(data)) != -1) {
    78                 outputStream.write(data, 0, len);
    79             }
    80             resString = new String(outputStream.toByteArray());
    81         } catch (IOException e) {
    82             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    83             e.printStackTrace();
    84         }
    85         return resString;
    86     }
    87     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    88         Map<String,String>params=new HashMap<String, String>();
    89         params.put("username", "admin");
    90         params.put("password", "123");
    91         String res=sendPostMessage(params,"utf-8");
    92         System.out.println("-res->>"+res);
    93     }
    94 }
    View Code

    标准Apache接口

     1 package com.http.post;
     2 
     3 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
     4 import java.io.IOException;
     5 import java.io.InputStream;
     6 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
     7 import java.util.ArrayList;
     8 import java.util.HashMap;
     9 import java.util.List;
    10 import java.util.Map;
    11 
    12 import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
    13 import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
    14 import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
    15 import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
    16 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
    17 import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
    18 import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
    19 
    20 public class HttpUtils {
    21 
    22     public HttpUtils() {
    23         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    24     }
    25     public static String sendHttpClientPost(String path,Map<String,String>map,String encode) throws Exception, IOException{
    26     
    27         //将参数map进行封装到list中
    28         List<NameValuePair> list=new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
    29         if(map!=null&&!map.isEmpty()){
    30             for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry:map.entrySet()){
    31                 list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
    32             }
    33         }
    34         try {
    35             //将请求的参数封装的list到表单,即请求体中
    36             UrlEncodedFormEntity entity=new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,encode);
    37             //使用post方式提交数据
    38             HttpPost httpPost=new HttpPost(path);
    39             httpPost.setEntity(entity);
    40             DefaultHttpClient client=new DefaultHttpClient();
    41             HttpResponse response= client.execute(httpPost);
    42             //以上完成提交
    43             //以下完成读取服务端返回的信息
    44             if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200){
    45                 return changeInputStream(response.getEntity().getContent(),encode);
    46             }
    47         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
    48             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    49             e.printStackTrace();
    50         }
    51         return "";    
    52     }
    53     public static String changeInputStream(InputStream inputStream,String encode) {
    54         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    55         String resString = "";
    56         ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();//内存流
    57         int len = 0;
    58         byte[] data = new byte[1024];
    59         try {
    60             while ((len = inputStream.read(data)) != -1) {
    61                 outputStream.write(data, 0, len);
    62             }
    63             resString = new String(outputStream.toByteArray());
    64         } catch (IOException e) {
    65             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    66             e.printStackTrace();
    67         }
    68         return resString;
    69     }
    70     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, Exception {
    71          String path="http://localhost:8080/myhttp/servlet/LoginAction";
    72          Map<String,String>map=new HashMap<String, String>();
    73         map.put("username", "admin");
    74         map.put("password", "123");
    75         String msg=HttpUtils.sendHttpClientPost(path, map, "utf-8");
    76         System.out.println("-->>--"+msg);
    77     }
    78 
    79 }
    View Code
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mlj5288/p/4969302.html
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