1.查看当前硬盘使用状况：
df -h
root@VM_160_34_centos:~> df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 7.9G 1.5G 6.1G 20% /
2.查看新硬盘
fdisk -l
1 root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk -l 2 3 Disk /dev/xvda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 4 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders 5 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes 6 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 7 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 8 Disk identifier: 0xcd6e8236 9 10 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System 11 /dev/xvda1 * 1 1044 8385898+ 83 Linux 12 13 Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes 14 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders 15 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes 16 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 17 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 18 Disk identifier: 0x00000000 19 20 Disk /dev/xvdb doesn't contain a valid partition table 21 22 Disk /dev/xvdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes 23 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders 24 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes 25 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 26 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes 27 Disk identifier: 0x00000000 28 29 Disk /dev/xvdc doesn't contain a valid partition table
这结果很明显让人烦躁,一坨屎一样,下面我们过滤一下
命令:
fdisk -l |grep Disk
结果:
root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk -l |grep Disk Disk /dev/xvdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvdc doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes Disk identifier: 0xcd6e8236 Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
这个看起来让人舒心多了,
结果中:
提示这个
Disk /dev/xvdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvdc doesn't contain a valid partition table
这两行应该就是说还没有挂载上去的硬盘了.
新添加的硬盘的编号为
/dev/xvdb
/dev/xvdc
3.硬盘分区
- 进入fdisk模式
fdisk /dev/xvdb
1 root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk /dev/xvdb 2 Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel 3 Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7ca79642. 4 Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. 5 After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. 6 7 Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) 8 9 WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to 10 switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to 11 sectors (command 'u'). 12 13 Command (m for help):
- 输入n进行分区
Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4)
p
这里有两个选项：
p: 主分区 linux上主分区最多能有4个
e: 扩展分区 linux上扩展分区只能有1个，扩展分区创建后不能直接使用，还要在扩展分区上创建逻辑分区。
这里我选择的p。
- 选择分区个数
Partition number (1-4): 1
可以选择4个分区，这里我只分成1个分区
- 设置柱面，这里选择默认值就可以,直接按回车过去
First cylinder (1-6527, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6527, default 6527): Using default value 6527
- 输入w，写入分区表，进行分区
Command (m for help):w
Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
整个过程如下:
root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk /dev/xvdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7ca79642. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) Last login: Fri Jun 13 18:19:47 2014 from 112.90.239.105 root@VM_160_34_centos:~> Display all 1286 possibilities? (y or n) root@VM_160_34_centos:~> root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk /dev/xvd xvda xvda1 xvdb xvdc root@VM_160_34_centos:~> fdisk /dev/xvdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc925c1ae. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-6527, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6527, default 6527): Using default value 6527 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
4.格式化分区
将新分区格式化为ext3文件系统
- 如果创建的是主分区
#mkfs -t ext3 /dev/xvdb
root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mkfs -t ext3 /dev/xvdb mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 3276800 inodes, 13107200 blocks 655360 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 400 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
5. 挂载硬盘
- 创建挂载点
在根目录下创建storage目录
#mkdir /storage
- 将/dev/xvdb挂载到/storage下
#mount /dev/xvdb /storage
- 设置开机启动自动挂载
新创建的分区不能开机自动挂载，每次重启机器都要手动挂载。
设置开机自动挂载需要修改/etc/fstab文件
#vi /etc/fstab
在文件的最后增加一行
/dev/xvdb /storage ext3 defaults 1 2
过程如下:
1 root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mkdir /storage 2 root@VM_160_34_centos:~> mount /dev/xvdb /storage 3 root@VM_160_34_centos:~> vi /etc/fstab 4 5 6 7 /dev/xvda1 / ext3 noatime,acl,user_xattr 1 1 8 /dev/xvdc swap swap defaults 0 0 9 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 10 sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0 11 debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs noauto 0 0 12 devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0 13 /dev/xvdb /storage ext3 defaults 1 2 14 ~ 15 ~ 16 ~ 17 ~ 18 ~ 19 "/etc/fstab" 7L, 536C written 20 root@VM_160_34_centos:~> clear
结果:
root@VM_160_34_centos:/storage> ll / total 104 dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 15 15:33 bin dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 May 31 2013 boot drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 16 11:42 data drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 3360 Jun 13 19:21 dev drwxr-xr-x 73 root root 4096 Jun 13 19:37 etc drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun 2 20:32 home dr-xr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Jun 20 2013 lib dr-xr-xr-x 9 root root 12288 Jun 20 2013 lib64 drwx------ 2 root root 16384 May 31 2013 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 media drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 mnt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 opt dr-xr-xr-x 106 root root 0 Jun 14 2014 proc dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Jun 13 19:35 root dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Jun 19 2013 sbin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 31 2013 selinux drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 srv drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun 13 19:37 storage drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Jun 14 2014 sys drwxrwxrwt 3 root root 4096 Jun 13 18:26 tmp drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 4096 May 31 2013 usr drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 4096 Jul 16 2013 var root@VM_160_34_centos:/storage> fdisk -l |grep Disk Disk /dev/xvdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvdc doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/xvda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes Disk identifier: 0xcd6e8236 Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/xvdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 root@VM_160_34_centos:/storage> df -lh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 7.9G 1.5G 6.1G 20% / /dev/xvdb 50G 180M 47G 1% /storage
教程到此结束!