【MongoDB】Re02 文档CRUD

三、文档操作（行记录）

不管comment集合是否存在，直接在comment集合中创建一份文档

> db.comment.insert({"articleid":"100000","content":"今天天气真好，阳光明 媚","userid":"1001","nickname":"Rose","createdatetime":new Date(),"likenum":NumberInt(10),"state":null})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

1）comment集合如果不存在，则会隐式创建

2）mongo中的数字，默认情况下是double类型，如果要存整型，必须使用函数NumberInt(整型数字)，否则取出来就有问题了。

3）插入当前日期使用 new Date()

4）插入的数据没有指定 _id ，会自动生成主键值

5）如果某字段没值，可以赋值为null，或不写该字段。

注意：

1. 文档中的键/值对是有序的。
2. 文档中的值不仅可以是在双引号里面的字符串，还可以是其他几种数据类型（甚至可以是整个嵌入的文档)。
3. MongoDB区分类型和大小写。
4. MongoDB的文档不能有重复的键。
5. 文档的键是字符串。除了少数例外情况，键可以使用任意UTF-8字符。

文档键命名规范：

键不能含有\0 (空字符)。这个字符用来表示键的结尾。
.和$有特别的意义，只有在特定环境下才能使用。
以下划线"_"开头的键是保留的(不是严格要求的)。

插入数组

> db.comment.save({"arr":[1, 3, 5]})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

批量写入：

> db.comment.insertMany([ {"_id":"1","articleid":"100001","content":"我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。","userid":"1002","nickname":"相忘于江湖","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08- 05T22:08:15.522Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(1000),"state":"1"}, {"_id":"2","articleid":"100001","content":"我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水","userid":"1005","nickname":"伊人憔 悴","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(888),"state":"1"}, {"_id":"3","articleid":"100001","content":"我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。","userid":"1004","nickname":"杰克船 长","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(666),"state":"1"}, {"_id":"4","articleid":"100001","content":"专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。","userid":"1003","nickname":"凯 撒","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(2000),"state":"1"}, {"_id":"5","articleid":"100001","content":"研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。","userid":"1003","nickname":"凯撒","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08- 06T11:01:02.521Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(3000),"state":"1"} ]);
{
    "acknowledged" : true,
    "insertedIds" : [
        "1",
        "2",
        "3",
        "4",
        "5"
    ]
}

在批量插入时发生错误，可以try catch获取报错定位，已经写入的数据不会回滚

> try { db.comment.insertMany([ {"_id":"1","articleid":"100001","content":"我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。","userid":"1002","nickname":"相忘于江湖","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08- 05T22:08:15.522Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(1000),"state":"1"}, {"_id":"2","articleid":"100001","content":"我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水","userid":"1005","nickname":"伊人憔 悴","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(888),"state":"1"}, {"_id":"3","articleid":"100001","content":"我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。","userid":"1004","nickname":"杰克船 长","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(666),"state":"1"}, {"_id":"4","articleid":"100001","content":"专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。","userid":"1003","nickname":"凯 撒","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(2000),"state":"1"}, {"_id":"5","articleid":"100001","content":"研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。","userid":"1003","nickname":"凯撒","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08- 06T11:01:02.521Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(3000),"state":"1"} ]); } catch (e) { print (e); }
BulkWriteError({
     : [
        {
            "writeConcernErrors" : [ ],
    "nInserted" : 0,
    "nUpserted" : 0,
    "nMatched" : 0,
    "nModified" : 0,
    "nRemoved" : 0,
    "upserted" : [ ]
})

文档查询

> db.comment.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("61fa2441caf8109c58f931b4"), "articleid" : "100000", "content" : "今天天气真好，阳光明 媚", "userid" : "1001", "nickname" : "Rose", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2022-02-02T06:27:13.453Z"), "likenum" : 10, "state" : null }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("61fa24f7caf8109c58f931b6"), "arr" : [ 1, 3, 5 ] }
{ "_id" : "1", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 1000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "2", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水", "userid" : "1005", "nickname" : "伊人憔 悴", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"), "likenum" : 888, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "3", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。", "userid" : "1004", "nickname" : "杰克船 长", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"), "likenum" : 666, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯 撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "5", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 3000, "state" : "1" }

按照文档属性查询

> db.comment.find({userid:'1003'})
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯 撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "5", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 3000, "state" : "1" }

只查询一条记录

> db.comment.findOne({userid:'1003'})
{
    "_id" : "4",
    "articleid" : "100001",
    "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。",
    "userid" : "1003",
    "nickname" : "凯 撒",
    "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"),
    "likenum" : 2000,
    "state" : "1"
}

投影查询，查询时，只展示希望的字段

参数2表示需要展示的字段，值1表示TRUE展示，0表示FALSE不展示

mongDB自带的主键是默认展示出来的

> db.comment.find({userid:"1003"},{userid:1,nickname:1})
{ "_id" : "4", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯 撒" }
{ "_id" : "5", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒" }

可以设置去掉默认主键：

> db.comment.find({userid:"1003"},{userid:1,nickname:1,_id:0})
{ "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯 撒" }
{ "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒" }

查询所有记录，但是只展示指定的字段信息

> db.comment.find({},{userid:1,nickname:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("61fa2441caf8109c58f931b4"), "userid" : "1001", "nickname" : "Rose" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("61fa24f7caf8109c58f931b6") }
{ "_id" : "1", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖" }
{ "_id" : "2", "userid" : "1005", "nickname" : "伊人憔 悴" }
{ "_id" : "3", "userid" : "1004", "nickname" : "杰克船 长" }
{ "_id" : "4", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯 撒" }
{ "_id" : "5", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒" }

文档更新

覆盖更新，原来存在的属性全部抹除，直接更新参数的属性

# 原文档记录
> db.comment.find({_id:"1"})
{ "_id" : "1", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 1000, "state" : "1" }

# 更新操作，只修改一个属性
> db.comment.update({_id:"1"},{likenum:NumberInt(1001)})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

# 再次查询只有修改的属性
> db.comment.find({_id:"1"})
{ "_id" : "1", "likenum" : 1001 }

将文档盖成原来的记录

# 将原来的属性直接套在参数里
> db.comment.update({_id:"1"},{"articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 1000, "state" : "1"})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

# 再次查看就改回来了
> db.comment.find({_id:"1"})
{ "_id" : "1", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 1000, "state" : "1" }

局部修改，按照给定的参数修改，若参数属性不存在则新增

# 源文档
> db.comment.find({_id:"1"})
{ "_id" : "1", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 1000, "state" : "1" }

# 修改属性
> db.comment.update({_id:"1"},{$set:{'ATTR-01':true}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

# 再次查看
> db.comment.find({_id:"1"})
{ "_id" : "1", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 1000, "state" : "1", "ATTR-01" : true }

批量修改文档：

//默认只修改第一条数据 
db.comment.update({userid:"1003"},{$set:{nickname:"凯撒2"}}) 

//修改所有符合条件的数据 
db.comment.update({userid:"1003"},{$set:{nickname:"凯撒大帝"}},{multi:true})

案例：

# 首先查询记录
> db.comment.find({userid:"1003"})
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯 撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "5", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 3000, "state" : "1" }

# 更新操作
> db.comment.update({userid:"1003"},{$set:{nickname:"凯撒2"}}) 
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

# 查看，只有一个修改了
> db.comment.find({userid:"1003"})
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒2", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "5", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 3000, "state" : "1" }

# 增加全修改参数
> db.comment.update({userid:"1003"},{$set:{nickname:"凯撒大帝"}},{multi:true})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 2, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 2 })

# 4和5 都会做修改
> db.comment.find({userid:"1003"})
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒大帝", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "5", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒大帝", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 3000, "state" : "1" }

属性自增设定：

如果我们想实现对某列值在原有值的基础上进行增加或减少，可以使用 $inc 运算符来实现

# 查看源文档
> db.comment.find({_id:"3"})
{ "_id" : "3", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。", "userid" : "1004", "nickname" : "杰克船 长", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"), "likenum" : 666, "state" : "1" }

# 属性自增修改
> db.comment.update({_id:"3"},{$inc:{likenum:NumberInt(1)}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

# 再次查看
> db.comment.find({_id:"3"})
{ "_id" : "3", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。", "userid" : "1004", "nickname" : "杰克船 长", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"), "likenum" : 667, "state" : "1" }

文档删除：

# 查看现有文档
> db.comment.find({})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("61fa2441caf8109c58f931b4"), "articleid" : "100000", "content" : "今天天气真好，阳光明 媚", "userid" : "1001", "nickname" : "Rose", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2022-02-02T06:27:13.453Z"), "likenum" : 10, "state" : null }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("61fa24f7caf8109c58f931b6"), "arr" : [ 1, 3, 5 ] }
{ "_id" : "1", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 1000, "state" : "1", "ATTR-01" : true }
{ "_id" : "2", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水", "userid" : "1005", "nickname" : "伊人憔 悴", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"), "likenum" : 888, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "3", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。", "userid" : "1004", "nickname" : "杰克船 长", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"), "likenum" : 667, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒大帝", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "5", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒大帝", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 3000, "state" : "1" }

# 按参数条件删除文档
> db.comment.remove({_id:"1"})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 })

# 查看现有文档， 主键为1的记录没有了
> db.comment.find({})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("61fa2441caf8109c58f931b4"), "articleid" : "100000", "content" : "今天天气真好，阳光明 媚", "userid" : "1001", "nickname" : "Rose", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2022-02-02T06:27:13.453Z"), "likenum" : 10, "state" : null }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("61fa24f7caf8109c58f931b6"), "arr" : [ 1, 3, 5 ] }
{ "_id" : "2", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水", "userid" : "1005", "nickname" : "伊人憔 悴", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"), "likenum" : 888, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "3", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。", "userid" : "1004", "nickname" : "杰克船 长", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"), "likenum" : 667, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒大帝", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "5", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒大帝", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 3000, "state" : "1" }

# 空条件则是删除所有记录
> db.comment.remove({})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 6 })

# 再次查询记录为空
> db.comment.find({})
> 

文档的分页查询

将删除的文档重新插入

> db.comment.insertMany([ {"_id":"1","articleid":"100001","content":"我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。","userid":"1002","nickname":"相忘于江湖","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08- 05T22:08:15.522Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(1000),"state":"1"}, {"_id":"2","articleid":"100001","content":"我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水","userid":"1005","nickname":"伊人憔 悴","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(888),"state":"1"}, {"_id":"3","articleid":"100001","content":"我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。","userid":"1004","nickname":"杰克船 长","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(666),"state":"1"}, {"_id":"4","articleid":"100001","content":"专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。","userid":"1003","nickname":"凯 撒","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(2000),"state":"1"}, {"_id":"5","articleid":"100001","content":"研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。","userid":"1003","nickname":"凯撒","createdatetime":new Date("2019-08- 06T11:01:02.521Z"),"likenum":NumberInt(3000),"state":"1"} ]);
{
    "acknowledged" : true,
    "insertedIds" : [
        "1",
        "2",
        "3",
        "4",
        "5"
    ]
}

计数文档个数：

> db.comment.count()
5

计数附带查询条件：

> db.comment.count({userid:"1003"})
2

分页查询

按默认排序查询，并只返回3条

> db.comment.find().limit(3)
{ "_id" : "1", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 1000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "2", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水", "userid" : "1005", "nickname" : "伊人憔 悴", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"), "likenum" : 888, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "3", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。", "userid" : "1004", "nickname" : "杰克船 长", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"), "likenum" : 666, "state" : "1" }

skip方法同样接受一个数字参数作为跳过的记录条数。（前N个不要）,默认值是0

（同MySQL的offset偏移）

> db.comment.find().skip(3)
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯 撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "5", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 3000, "state" : "1" }

需求：每页2个，第二页开始：跳过前两条数据，接着值显示3和4条数据

//第一页 
db.comment.find().skip(0).limit(2) 

//第二页 
db.comment.find().skip(2).limit(2) 

//第三页 
db.comment.find().skip(4).limit(2)

> db.comment.find().skip(0).limit(2) 
{ "_id" : "1", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 1000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "2", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水", "userid" : "1005", "nickname" : "伊人憔 悴", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"), "likenum" : 888, "state" : "1" }

> db.comment.find().skip(2).limit(2)
{ "_id" : "3", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。", "userid" : "1004", "nickname" : "杰克船 长", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"), "likenum" : 666, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯 撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }

> db.comment.find().skip(4).limit(2)
{ "_id" : "5", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 3000, "state" : "1" }

排序查询

对userid降序排列，并对访问量进行升序排

> db.comment.find().sort({userid:-1,likenum:1})
{ "_id" : "2", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水", "userid" : "1005", "nickname" : "伊人憔 悴", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"), "likenum" : 888, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "3", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。", "userid" : "1004", "nickname" : "杰克船 长", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"), "likenum" : 666, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯 撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "5", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 3000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "1", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 1000, "state" : "1" }

skip(), limilt(), sort()三个放在一起执行的时候，

执行的顺序是先 sort(), 然后是 skip()，最后是显示的 limit()，和命令编写顺序无关。

更复杂的查询

正则表达式匹配

db.collection.find({field:/正则表达式/}) 或
db.集合.find({字段:/正则表达式/})

例如，我要查询评论内容包含“开水”的所有文档，代码如下：

> db.comment.find({content:/开水/})
{ "_id" : "2", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水", "userid" : "1005", "nickname" : "伊人憔 悴", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"), "likenum" : 888, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "3", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。", "userid" : "1004", "nickname" : "杰克船 长", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"), "likenum" : 666, "state" : "1" }
> 

如果要查询评论的内容中以“专家”开头的，代码如下

> db.comment.find({content:/^专家/})
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯 撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }

大小比较查询

db.集合名称.find({ "field" : { $gt: value }}) // 大于: field > value 
db.集合名称.find({ "field" : { $lt: value }}) // 小于: field < value 
db.集合名称.find({ "field" : { $gte: value }}) // 大于等于: field >= value 
db.集合名称.find({ "field" : { $lte: value }}) // 小于等于: field <= value 
db.集合名称.find({ "field" : { $ne: value }}) // 不等于: field != value

示例：查询评论点赞数量大于700的记录

> db.comment.find({likenum:{$gt:NumberInt(700)}})
{ "_id" : "1", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 1000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "2", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水", "userid" : "1005", "nickname" : "伊人憔 悴", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"), "likenum" : 888, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯 撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "5", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 3000, "state" : "1" }
> 

包含查询

包含使用$in操作符。 示例：查询评论的集合中userid字段包含1003或1004的文档

> db.comment.find({userid:{$in:["1003","1004"]}})
{ "_id" : "3", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。", "userid" : "1004", "nickname" : "杰克船 长", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"), "likenum" : 666, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯 撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "5", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 3000, "state" : "1" }
> 

不包含使用$nin操作符。 示例：查询评论集合中userid字段不包含1003和1004的文档

> db.comment.find({userid:{$nin:["1003","1004"]}})
{ "_id" : "1", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 1000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "2", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水", "userid" : "1005", "nickname" : "伊人憔 悴", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"), "likenum" : 888, "state" : "1" }

多条件连接

我们如果需要查询同时满足两个以上条件，需要使用$and操作符将条件进行关联。（相 当于SQL的and）

格式为：

$and:[ { },{ },{ } ]

示例：查询评论集合中likenum大于等于700 并且小于2000的文档：

> db.comment.find({$and:[{likenum:{$gte:NumberInt(700)}},{likenum:{$lt:NumberInt(2000)}}]})
{ "_id" : "1", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我们不应该把清晨浪费在手机上，健康很重要，一杯温水幸福你我 他。", "userid" : "1002", "nickname" : "相忘于江湖", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 1000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "2", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水", "userid" : "1005", "nickname" : "伊人憔 悴", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"), "likenum" : 888, "state" : "1" }
> 

如果两个以上条件之间是或者的关系，我们使用 操作符进行关联，与前面 and的使用方式相同

格式为：

$or:[ { },{ },{ } ]

示例：查询评论集合中userid为1003，或者点赞数小于1000的文档记录

> db.comment.find({$or:[ {userid:"1003"} ,{likenum:{$lt:1000} }]})
{ "_id" : "2", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我夏天空腹喝凉开水，冬天喝温开水", "userid" : "1005", "nickname" : "伊人憔 悴", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-05T23:58:51.485Z"), "likenum" : 888, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "3", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "我一直喝凉开水，冬天夏天都喝。", "userid" : "1004", "nickname" : "杰克船 长", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T01:05:06.321Z"), "likenum" : 666, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "4", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "专家说不能空腹吃饭，影响健康。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯 撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("2019-08-06T08:18:35.288Z"), "likenum" : 2000, "state" : "1" }
{ "_id" : "5", "articleid" : "100001", "content" : "研究表明，刚烧开的水千万不能喝，因为烫 嘴。", "userid" : "1003", "nickname" : "凯撒", "createdatetime" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "likenum" : 3000, "state" : "1" }
>