• Spring Cloud OpenFeign 工作原理解析


    什么是Feign

    Feign是受到Retrofit,JAXRS-2.0和WebSocket的影响,它是一个jav的到http客户端绑定的开源项目。 Feign的主要目标是将Java Http 客户端变得简单。Feign的源码地址:https://github.com/OpenFeign/feign

    写一个Feign

    在我之前的博文有写到如何用Feign去消费服务,文章地址:http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/69808079

    现在来简单的实现一个Feign客户端,首先通过@FeignClient,客户端,其中value为调用其他服务的名称,FeignConfig.class为FeignClient的配置文件,代码如下:

    @FeignClient(value = "service-hi",configuration = FeignConfig.class)
    public interface SchedualServiceHi {
        @GetMapping(value = "/hi")
        String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
    }

    其自定义配置文件如下,当然也可以不写配置文件,用默认的即可:

    @Configuration
    public class FeignConfig {
    
        @Bean
        public Retryer feignRetryer() {
            return new Retryer.Default(100, SECONDS.toMillis(1), 5);
        }
    
    }

    查看FeignClient注解的源码,其代码如下:

    @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Documented
    public @interface FeignClient {
    
    @AliasFor("name")
    String value() default "";
    
    @AliasFor("value")
    String name() default "";
    
    @AliasFor("value")
    String name() default "";
    String url() default "";
    boolean decode404() default false;
    
    Class<?>[] configuration() default {};
    Class<?> fallback() default void.class;
    
    Class<?> fallbackFactory() default void.class;
    }
    
    String path() default "";
    
    boolean primary() default true;

    FeignClient注解被@Target(ElementType.TYPE)修饰,表示FeignClient注解的作用目标在接口上; @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME),注解会在class字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到;@Documented表示该注解将被包含在javadoc中。

    feign 用于声明具有该接口的REST客户端的接口的注释应该是创建(例如用于自动连接到另一个组件。 如果功能区可用,那将是 用于负载平衡后端请求,并且可以配置负载平衡器 使用与伪装客户端相同名称(即值)@RibbonClient 。

    其中value()和name()一样,是被调用的 service的名称。 url(),直接填写硬编码的url,decode404()即404是否被解码,还是抛异常;configuration(),标明FeignClient的配置类,默认的配置类为FeignClientsConfiguration类,可以覆盖Decoder、Encoder和Contract等信息,进行自定义配置。fallback(),填写熔断器的信息类。

    FeignClient的配置

    默认的配置类为FeignClientsConfiguration,这个类在spring-cloud-netflix-core的jar包下,打开这个类,可以发现它是一个配置类,注入了很多的相关配置的bean,包括feignRetryer、FeignLoggerFactory、FormattingConversionService等,其中还包括了Decoder、Encoder、Contract,如果这三个bean在没有注入的情况下,会自动注入默认的配置。

    • Decoder feignDecoder: ResponseEntityDecoder(这是对SpringDecoder的封装)
    • Encoder feignEncoder: SpringEncoder
    • Logger feignLogger: Slf4jLogger
    • Contract feignContract: SpringMvcContract
    • Feign.Builder feignBuilder: HystrixFeign.Builder

    代码如下:

    @Configuration
    public class FeignClientsConfiguration {
    
    ...//省略代码
    
    @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        public Decoder feignDecoder() {
            return new ResponseEntityDecoder(new SpringDecoder(this.messageConverters));
        }
    
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        public Encoder feignEncoder() {
            return new SpringEncoder(this.messageConverters);
        }
    
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        public Contract feignContract(ConversionService feignConversionService) {
            return new SpringMvcContract(this.parameterProcessors, feignConversionService);
        }
    
    ...//省略代码
    }

    重写配置:

    你可以重写FeignClientsConfiguration中的bean,从而达到自定义配置的目的,比如FeignClientsConfiguration的默认重试次数为Retryer.NEVER_RETRY,即不重试,那么希望做到重写,写个配置文件,注入feignRetryer的bean,代码如下:

    @Configuration
    public class FeignConfig {
    
        @Bean
        public Retryer feignRetryer() {
            return new Retryer.Default(100, SECONDS.toMillis(1), 5);
        }
    
    }

    在上述代码更改了该FeignClient的重试次数,重试间隔为100ms,最大重试时间为1s,重试次数为5次。

    Feign的工作原理

    feign是一个伪客户端,即它不做任何的请求处理。Feign通过处理注解生成request,从而实现简化HTTP API开发的目的,即开发人员可以使用注解的方式定制request api模板,在发送http request请求之前,feign通过处理注解的方式替换掉request模板中的参数,这种实现方式显得更为直接、可理解。

    通过包扫描注入FeignClient的bean,该源码在FeignClientsRegistrar类: 首先在启动配置上检查是否有@EnableFeignClients注解,如果有该注解,则开启包扫描,扫描被@FeignClient注解接口。代码如下:

    private void registerDefaultConfiguration(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
                BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
            Map<String, Object> defaultAttrs = metadata
                    .getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName(), true);
    
            if (defaultAttrs != null && defaultAttrs.containsKey("defaultConfiguration")) {
                String name;
                if (metadata.hasEnclosingClass()) {
                    name = "default." + metadata.getEnclosingClassName();
                }
                else {
                    name = "default." + metadata.getClassName();
                }
                registerClientConfiguration(registry, name,
                        defaultAttrs.get("defaultConfiguration"));
            }
        }

    程序启动后通过包扫描,当类有@FeignClient注解,将注解的信息取出,连同类名一起取出,赋给BeanDefinitionBuilder,然后根据BeanDefinitionBuilder得到beanDefinition,最后beanDefinition式注入到ioc容器中,源码如下:

    public void registerFeignClients(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
                BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
            ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider scanner = getScanner();
            scanner.setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader);
    
            Set<String> basePackages;
    
            Map<String, Object> attrs = metadata
                    .getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName());
            AnnotationTypeFilter annotationTypeFilter = new AnnotationTypeFilter(
                    FeignClient.class);
            final Class<?>[] clients = attrs == null ? null
                    : (Class<?>[]) attrs.get("clients");
            if (clients == null || clients.length == 0) {
                scanner.addIncludeFilter(annotationTypeFilter);
                basePackages = getBasePackages(metadata);
            }
            else {
                final Set<String> clientClasses = new HashSet<>();
                basePackages = new HashSet<>();
                for (Class<?> clazz : clients) {
                    basePackages.add(ClassUtils.getPackageName(clazz));
                    clientClasses.add(clazz.getCanonicalName());
                }
                AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter filter = new AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter() {
                    @Override
                    protected boolean match(ClassMetadata metadata) {
                        String cleaned = metadata.getClassName().replaceAll("\$", ".");
                        return clientClasses.contains(cleaned);
                    }
                };
                scanner.addIncludeFilter(
                        new AllTypeFilter(Arrays.asList(filter, annotationTypeFilter)));
            }
    
            for (String basePackage : basePackages) {
                Set<BeanDefinition> candidateComponents = scanner
                        .findCandidateComponents(basePackage);
                for (BeanDefinition candidateComponent : candidateComponents) {
                    if (candidateComponent instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
                        // verify annotated class is an interface
                        AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDefinition = (AnnotatedBeanDefinition) candidateComponent;
                        AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = beanDefinition.getMetadata();
                        Assert.isTrue(annotationMetadata.isInterface(),
                                "@FeignClient can only be specified on an interface");
    
                        Map<String, Object> attributes = annotationMetadata
                                .getAnnotationAttributes(
                                        FeignClient.class.getCanonicalName());
    
                        String name = getClientName(attributes);
                        registerClientConfiguration(registry, name,
                                attributes.get("configuration"));
    
                        registerFeignClient(registry, annotationMetadata, attributes);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    
    
    private void registerFeignClient(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry,
                AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
            String className = annotationMetadata.getClassName();
            BeanDefinitionBuilder definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder
                    .genericBeanDefinition(FeignClientFactoryBean.class);
            validate(attributes);
            definition.addPropertyValue("url", getUrl(attributes));
            definition.addPropertyValue("path", getPath(attributes));
            String name = getName(attributes);
            definition.addPropertyValue("name", name);
            definition.addPropertyValue("type", className);
            definition.addPropertyValue("decode404", attributes.get("decode404"));
            definition.addPropertyValue("fallback", attributes.get("fallback"));
            definition.addPropertyValue("fallbackFactory", attributes.get("fallbackFactory"));
            definition.setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE);
    
            String alias = name + "FeignClient";
            AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = definition.getBeanDefinition();
    
            boolean primary = (Boolean)attributes.get("primary"); // has a default, won't be null
    
            beanDefinition.setPrimary(primary);
    
            String qualifier = getQualifier(attributes);
            if (StringUtils.hasText(qualifier)) {
                alias = qualifier;
            }
    
            BeanDefinitionHolder holder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, className,
                    new String[] { alias });
            BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(holder, registry);
        }

    注入bean之后,通过jdk的代理,当请求Feign Client的方法时会被拦截,代码在ReflectiveFeign类,代码如下:

     public <T> T newInstance(Target<T> target) {
        Map<String, MethodHandler> nameToHandler = targetToHandlersByName.apply(target);
        Map<Method, MethodHandler> methodToHandler = new LinkedHashMap<Method, MethodHandler>();
        List<DefaultMethodHandler> defaultMethodHandlers = new LinkedList<DefaultMethodHandler>();
    
        for (Method method : target.type().getMethods()) {
          if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
            continue;
          } else if(Util.isDefault(method)) {
            DefaultMethodHandler handler = new DefaultMethodHandler(method);
            defaultMethodHandlers.add(handler);
            methodToHandler.put(method, handler);
          } else {
            methodToHandler.put(method, nameToHandler.get(Feign.configKey(target.type(), method)));
          }
        }
        InvocationHandler handler = factory.create(target, methodToHandler);
        T proxy = (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.type().getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[]{target.type()}, handler);
    
        for(DefaultMethodHandler defaultMethodHandler : defaultMethodHandlers) {
          defaultMethodHandler.bindTo(proxy);
        }
        return proxy;
      }

    在SynchronousMethodHandler类进行拦截处理,当被FeignClient的方法被拦截会根据参数生成RequestTemplate对象,该对象就是http请求的模板,代码如下:

    @Override
      public Object invoke(Object[] argv) throws Throwable {
        RequestTemplate template = buildTemplateFromArgs.create(argv);
        Retryer retryer = this.retryer.clone();
        while (true) {
          try {
            return executeAndDecode(template);
          } catch (RetryableException e) {
            retryer.continueOrPropagate(e);
            if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
              logger.logRetry(metadata.configKey(), logLevel);
            }
            continue;
          }
        }
      }

    其中有个executeAndDecode()方法,该方法是通RequestTemplate生成Request请求对象,然后根据用client获取response。

     Object executeAndDecode(RequestTemplate template) throws Throwable {
        Request request = targetRequest(template);
        ...//省略代码
        response = client.execute(request, options);
        ...//省略代码
    
    }

    Client组件

    其中Client组件是一个非常重要的组件,Feign最终发送request请求以及接收response响应,都是由Client组件完成的,其中Client的实现类,只要有Client.Default,该类由HttpURLConnnection实现网络请求,另外还支持HttpClient、Okhttp.

    首先来看以下在FeignRibbonClient的自动配置类,FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration ,主要在工程启动的时候注入一些bean,其代码如下:

    @ConditionalOnClass({ ILoadBalancer.class, Feign.class })
    @Configuration
    @AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class)
    public class FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration {
    
    @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        public Client feignClient(CachingSpringLoadBalancerFactory cachingFactory,
                SpringClientFactory clientFactory) {
            return new LoadBalancerFeignClient(new Client.Default(null, null),
                    cachingFactory, clientFactory);
        }
    
    }

    在缺失配置feignClient的情况下,会自动注入new Client.Default(),跟踪Client.Default()源码,它使用的网络请求框架为HttpURLConnection,代码如下:

      @Override
        public Response execute(Request request, Options options) throws IOException {
          HttpURLConnection connection = convertAndSend(request, options);
          return convertResponse(connection).toBuilder().request(request).build();
        }

    怎么在feign中使用HttpClient,查看FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration的源码

    @ConditionalOnClass({ ILoadBalancer.class, Feign.class })
    @Configuration
    @AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class)
    public class FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration {
    ...//省略代码
    
    @Configuration
        @ConditionalOnClass(ApacheHttpClient.class)
        @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "feign.httpclient.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
        protected static class HttpClientFeignLoadBalancedConfiguration {
    
            @Autowired(required = false)
            private HttpClient httpClient;
    
            @Bean
            @ConditionalOnMissingBean(Client.class)
            public Client feignClient(CachingSpringLoadBalancerFactory cachingFactory,
                    SpringClientFactory clientFactory) {
                ApacheHttpClient delegate;
                if (this.httpClient != null) {
                    delegate = new ApacheHttpClient(this.httpClient);
                }
                else {
                    delegate = new ApacheHttpClient();
                }
                return new LoadBalancerFeignClient(delegate, cachingFactory, clientFactory);
            }
        }
    
    ...//省略代码
    }

    从代码@ConditionalOnClass(ApacheHttpClient.class)注解可知道,只需要在pom文件加上HttpClient的classpath就行了,另外需要在配置文件上加上feign.httpclient.enabled为true,从 @ConditionalOnProperty注解可知,这个可以不写,在默认的情况下就为true.

    在pom文件加上:

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.netflix.feign</groupId>
        <artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
        <version>RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    同理,如果想要feign使用Okhttp,则只需要在pom文件上加上feign-okhttp的依赖:

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.netflix.feign</groupId>
        <artifactId>feign-okhttp</artifactId>
        <version>RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    feign的负载均衡是怎么样实现的呢?

    通过上述的FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration类配置Client的类型(httpurlconnection,okhttp和httpclient)时候,可知最终向容器注入的是LoadBalancerFeignClient,即负载均衡客户端。现在来看下LoadBalancerFeignClient的代码:

        @Override
        public Response execute(Request request, Request.Options options) throws IOException {
            try {
                URI asUri = URI.create(request.url());
                String clientName = asUri.getHost();
                URI uriWithoutHost = cleanUrl(request.url(), clientName);
                FeignLoadBalancer.RibbonRequest ribbonRequest = new FeignLoadBalancer.RibbonRequest(
                        this.delegate, request, uriWithoutHost);
    
                IClientConfig requestConfig = getClientConfig(options, clientName);
                return lbClient(clientName).executeWithLoadBalancer(ribbonRequest,
                        requestConfig).toResponse();
            }
            catch (ClientException e) {
                IOException io = findIOException(e);
                if (io != null) {
                    throw io;
                }
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }

    其中有个executeWithLoadBalancer()方法,即通过负载均衡的方式请求。

      public T executeWithLoadBalancer(final S request, final IClientConfig requestConfig) throws ClientException {
            RequestSpecificRetryHandler handler = getRequestSpecificRetryHandler(request, requestConfig);
            LoadBalancerCommand<T> command = LoadBalancerCommand.<T>builder()
                    .withLoadBalancerContext(this)
                    .withRetryHandler(handler)
                    .withLoadBalancerURI(request.getUri())
                    .build();
    
            try {
                return command.submit(
                    new ServerOperation<T>() {
                        @Override
                        public Observable<T> call(Server server) {
                            URI finalUri = reconstructURIWithServer(server, request.getUri());
                            S requestForServer = (S) request.replaceUri(finalUri);
                            try {
                                return Observable.just(AbstractLoadBalancerAwareClient.this.execute(requestForServer, requestConfig));
                            } 
                            catch (Exception e) {
                                return Observable.error(e);
                            }
                        }
                    })
                    .toBlocking()
                    .single();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Throwable t = e.getCause();
                if (t instanceof ClientException) {
                    throw (ClientException) t;
                } else {
                    throw new ClientException(e);
                }
            }
    
        }   

    其中服务在submit()方法上,点击submit进入具体的方法,这个方法是LoadBalancerCommand的方法:

         Observable<T> o = 
                    (server == null ? selectServer() : Observable.just(server))
                    .concatMap(new Func1<Server, Observable<T>>() {
                        @Override
                        // Called for each server being selected
                        public Observable<T> call(Server server) {
                            context.setServer(server);
    
            }}

    上述代码中有个selectServe(),该方法是选择服务的进行负载均衡的方法,代码如下:

        private Observable<Server> selectServer() {
            return Observable.create(new OnSubscribe<Server>() {
                @Override
                public void call(Subscriber<? super Server> next) {
                    try {
                        Server server = loadBalancerContext.getServerFromLoadBalancer(loadBalancerURI, loadBalancerKey);   
                        next.onNext(server);
                        next.onCompleted();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        next.onError(e);
                    }
                }
            });
        }

    最终负载均衡交给loadBalancerContext来处理,即之前讲述的Ribbon,在这里不再重复。

    总结

    总到来说,Feign的源码实现的过程如下:

    • 首先通过@EnableFeignCleints注解开启FeignCleint
    • 根据Feign的规则实现接口,并加@FeignCleint注解
    • 程序启动后,会进行包扫描,扫描所有的@ FeignCleint的注解的类,并将这些信息注入到ioc容器中。
    • 当接口的方法被调用,通过jdk的代理,来生成具体的RequesTemplate
    • RequesTemplate在生成Request
    • Request交给Client去处理,其中Client可以是HttpUrlConnection、HttpClient也可以是Okhttp
    • 最后Client被封装到LoadBalanceClient类,这个类结合类Ribbon做到了负载均衡。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mike-mei/p/15248222.html
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