日期类型
DATE TIME DATETIME TIMESTAMP YEAR
作用:存储用户注册时间,文章发布时间,员工入职时间,出生时间,过期时间等
YEAR YYYY(1901/2155) DATE YYYY-MM-DD(1000-01-01/9999-12-31) TIME HH:MM:SS('-838:59:59'/'838:59:59') DATETIME YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS(1000-01-01 00:00:00/9999-12-31 23:59:59 Y) TIMESTAMP YYYYMMDD HHMMSS(1970-01-01 00:00:00/2037 年某时)
验证
mysql> create table t10(born_year year); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec) mysql> insert into t10 values -> (1900), -> (1901), -> (2155), -> (2156); Query OK, 4 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.07 sec) Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 2 mysql> select * from t10; +-----------+ | born_year | +-----------+ | 0000 | | 1901 | | 2155 | | 0000 | +-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.03 sec)
============date,time,datetime=========== mysql> create table t11(d date,t time,dt datetime); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> desc t11; +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | d | date | YES | | NULL | | | t | time | YES | | NULL | | | dt | datetime | YES | | NULL | | +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.04 sec) mysql> insert into t11 values(now(),now(),now()); Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.10 sec) mysql> select * from t11; +------------+----------+---------------------+ | d | t | dt | +------------+----------+---------------------+ | 2016-11-16 | 15:00:51 | 2016-11-16 15:00:51 | +------------+----------+---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.02 sec) ============timestamp=========== mysql> create table t12(time timestamp); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec) mysql> insert into t12 values(); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec) mysql> insert into t12 values(null); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from t12; +---------------------+ | time | +---------------------+ | 2016-11-16 15:03:07 | | 2016-11-16 15:03:28 | +---------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
============注意啦,注意啦,注意啦===========
- 单独插入时间时,需要以字符串的形式,按照对应的格式插入
- 插入年份时,尽量使用4位值
- 插入两位年份时,<=69,以20开头,比如50,结果2050;>=70,以19开头,比如71,结果1971
mysql> create table t13(y year); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec) mysql> insert into t13 values -> (50), -> (70); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t13; +------+ | y | +------+ | 2050 | | 1970 | +------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
============综合练习===========
mysql> create table student1( -> id int, -> name varchar(10), -> born_year year, -> birth date, -> class_time time, -> reg_time datetime); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> insert into student1 values -> (1,'alex',"1995","1995-11-11","11:11:11","2017-11-11 11:11:11"), -> (2,'egon',"1997","1997-12-12","12:12:12","2017-12-12 12:12:12"), -> (3,'wsb',"1998","1998-01-01","13:13:13","2017-01-01 13:13:13"); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.04 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from student1; +------+------+-----------+------------+------------+---------------------+ | id | name | born_year | birth | class_time | reg_time | +------+------+-----------+------------+------------+---------------------+ | 1 | alex | 1995 | 1995-11-11 | 11:11:11 | 2017-11-11 11:11:11 | | 2 | egon | 1997 | 1997-12-12 | 12:12:12 | 2017-12-12 12:12:12 | | 3 | wsb | 1998 | 1998-01-01 | 13:13:13 | 2017-01-01 13:13:13 | +------+------+-----------+------------+------------+---------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
datetime与timestamp的区别
在实际应用的很多场景中,MySQL的这两种日期类型都能够满足我们的需要,存储精度都为秒,但在某些情况下,会展现出他们各自的优劣。 下面就来总结一下两种日期类型的区别。 1.DATETIME的日期范围是1001——9999年,TIMESTAMP的时间范围是1970——2038年。 2.DATETIME存储时间与时区无关,TIMESTAMP存储时间与时区有关,显示的值也依赖于时区。在mysql服务器, 操作系统以及客户端连接都有时区的设置。 3.DATETIME使用8字节的存储空间,TIMESTAMP的存储空间为4字节。因此,TIMESTAMP比DATETIME的空间利用率更高。 4.DATETIME的默认值为null;TIMESTAMP的字段默认不为空(not null),默认值为当前时间(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), 如果不做特殊处理,并且update语句中没有指定该列的更新值,则默认更新为当前时间。