• Android异步加载图像小结


    鸿洋的博客Android异步加载图像小结

    来源:互联网作者:未知时间:2011-05-21 20:03:25点击:844评论:0

    本文地址:http://www.getcn.net/index.php?mod=skill&action=detail&id=44038 [复制]

    http://blog.csdn.net/sgl870927/archive/2011/03/29/6285535.aspx

    研究了android从网络上异步加载图像,现总结如下:

    1)由于android UI更新支持单一线程原则,所以从网络上取数据并更新到界面上,为了不阻塞主线程首先可能会想到以下方法。

         在主线程中new一个Handler对象,加载图像方法如下所示

        private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
             handler.post(new Runnable() {
                    public void run() {
                        Drawable drawable = null;
                        try {
                            drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                        }
                        ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                    }
                });
        }

    上面这个方法缺点很显然,经测试,如果要加载多个图片,这并不能实现异步加载,而是等到所有的图片都加载完才一起显示,因为它们都运行在一个线程中。

    然后,我们可以简单改进下,将Handler+Runnable模式改为Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能实现同时开启多个线程吗?

    2)在主线程中new一个Handler对象,代码如下:

        final Handler handler2=new Handler(){
              @Override
              public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                 ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
              }
          };

        对应加载图像代码如下:

      //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载
         private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {
             Thread thread = new Thread(){
                 @Override
                 public void run() {
                   Drawable drawable = null;
                        try {
                            drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                        }

                    Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;
                     message.arg1 = id;
                     message.obj = drawable;
                     handler2.sendMessage(message);
                 }
             };
             thread.start();
             thread = null;
        }

    这样就简单实现了异步加载了。细想一下,还可以优化的,比如引入线程池、引入缓存等,我们先介绍线程池。

    3)引入ExecutorService接口,于是代码可以优化如下:

           在主线程中加入:private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);   

           对应加载图像方法更改如下:

          // 引入线程池来管理多线程
        private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
            executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                        handler.post(new Runnable() {

                            public void run() {
                                ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                            }
                        });
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    }
                }
            });
        }

    4)为了更方便使用我们可以将异步加载图像方法封装一个类,对外界只暴露一个方法即可,考虑到效率问题我们可以引入内存缓存机制,做法是

    建立一个HashMap,其键(key)为加载图像url,其值(value)是图像对象Drawable。先看一下我们封装的类

    public class AsyncImageLoader3 {
       //为了加快速度,在内存中开启缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)
        public Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
        private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务
        private final Handler handler=new Handler();

         /**
         *
         * @param imageUrl     图像url地址
         * @param callback     回调接口
         * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null
         */
        public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {
            //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
            if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
                SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
                if (softReference.get() != null) {
                    return softReference.get();
                }
            }
            //缓存中没有图像,则从网络上取出数据,并将取出的数据缓存到内存中
             executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");

                        imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));

                        handler.post(new Runnable() {
                            public void run() {
                               callback.imageLoaded(drawable);
                            }
                        });
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    }
                }
            });
            return null;
        }
         //从网络上取数据方法
        protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
            try {
                return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        //对外界开放的回调接口
        public interface ImageCallback {
            //注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源
            public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
        }
    } 这样封装好后使用起来就方便多了。在主线程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3对象,然后直接调用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加载的图 像设置到目标ImageView或其相关的组件上。

    在主线程调用代码:

      先实例化对象 private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

      调用异步加载方法:

    //引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程
        private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
              //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
             Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
                 //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
                 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
                   ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
                 }
             });
            if(cacheImage!=null){
              ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
            }
        }

    5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:

    public class AsyncImageLoader {
       //为了加快速度,加入了缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)
        private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();

         /**
         *
         * @param imageUrl     图像url地址
         * @param callback     回调接口
         * @return     返回内存中缓存的图像,第一次加载返回null
         */
        public Drawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallback callback) {
            //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
            if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
                SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(imageUrl);
                if (softReference.get() != null) {
                    return softReference.get();
                }
            }

            final Handler handler = new Handler() {
                @Override
                public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                    callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj);
                }
            };
            new Thread() {
                public void run() {
                    Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
                    imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
                    handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable));

                }

            }.start();
            /*
            下面注释的这段代码是Handler的一种代替方法
             */
    //        new AsyncTask() {
    //            @Override
    //            protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) {
    //                  Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
    //                imageCache.put(imageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
    //                return  drawable;
    //            }
    //
    //            @Override
    //            protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {
    //                  callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o);
    //            }
    //        }.execute();
            return null;
        }

        protected Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
            try {
                return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(), "src");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        //对外界开放的回调接口
        public interface ImageCallback {
            public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
        }
    }

    至此,异步加载就介绍完了,下面给出的代码为测试用的完整代码:

    package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity;

    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.os.Handler;
    import android.os.Message;
    import android.widget.ImageView;
    import com.bshark.supertelphone.R;
    import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader;
    import com.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3;

    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
    import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

    public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity {
           final Handler handler=new Handler();
          final Handler handler2=new Handler(){
              @Override
              public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                 ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
              }
          };
     private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);    //固定五个线程来执行任务
        private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();
        private AsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

     @Override
     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      setContentView(R.layout.main);
      
    //  loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
    //  loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
    //  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
    //        loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
    //  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);

            loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
      loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
      loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
            loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
      loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
    //        loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
    //  loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
    //  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
    //        loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
    //  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);

    //        loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
    //  loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
    //  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
    //        loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
    //  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);

    //        loadImage5("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif", R.id.image1);
    //        //为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时
    //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
    //  loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image2);
    //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
    //  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image3);
    //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
    //        loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
    //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
    //  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif", R.id.image5);
    //        SystemClock.sleep(2000);
    //         loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif", R.id.image4);
     }

     @Override
     protected void onDestroy() {
      executorService.shutdown();
      super.onDestroy();
     }
        //线程加载图像基本原理
        private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
             handler.post(new Runnable() {
                    public void run() {
                        Drawable drawable = null;
                        try {
                            drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                        }
                        ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                    }
                });
        }
         //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载
         private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {
             Thread thread = new Thread(){
                 @Override
                 public void run() {
                   Drawable drawable = null;
                        try {
                            drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                        }

                    Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;
                     message.arg1 = id;
                     message.obj = drawable;
                     handler2.sendMessage(message);
                 }
             };
             thread.start();
             thread = null;
        }
        // 引入线程池来管理多线程
        private void loadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
            executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                        handler.post(new Runnable() {

                            public void run() {
                                ((ImageView) LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                            }
                        });
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    }
                }
            });
        }
        //引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程
        private void loadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
              //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
             Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
                 //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
                 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
                   ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
                 }
             });
            if(cacheImage!=null){
              ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
            }
        }

        //采用Handler+Thread+封装外部接口
        private void loadImage5(final String url, final int id) {
              //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
             Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,new AsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() {
                 //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
                 public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
                   ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
                 }
             });
            if(cacheImage!=null){
                        ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
            }
        }


    }

    xml文件大致如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                  android:layout_width="fill_parent"
                  android:orientation="vertical"
                  android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
      <ImageView android:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
       <ImageView android:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
        <ImageView android:id="@+id/image3" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
        <ImageView android:id="@+id/image5" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
        <ImageView android:id="@+id/image4" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
    </LinearLayout>

    静以修身,俭以养德。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/miaozhenzhong/p/5931091.html
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