主要用途就是:进程设置一段时间用来等待资源,假设时间到了资源还没有到来,进程就立马从睡眠状态唤醒不再等待。当然这仅仅是使用于这段时间以后资源对于该进程已经没用的情况。
内核中poll机制的实现过程:
sys_poll函数在include/linux/syscalls.h中声明
//函数定义前加宏asmlinkage ,表示这些函数通过堆栈而不是通过寄存器传递參数。 asmlinkage long sys_poll(struct pollfd __user *ufds, unsigned int nfds,long timeout);在系统调用表archarmkernelcalls.S中调用
CALL(sys_poll) //系统调用跳转表的一项
关于系统调用表的初始化在arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S中
.equ NR_syscalls,0 //将NR_syscalls初始化为0 #define CALL(x) .equ NR_syscalls,NR_syscalls+1 //将CALL(x) 定义为: NR_syscalls = NR_syscalls + 1 #include "calls.S"//将calls.S的内容包进来,CALL(x)上面已经有了定义,这里就相当于运行了多次NR_syscalls++,最后就统计了系统调用的个数。并对NR_syscalls进行了4的倍数对齐。这一招,特么好厉害!终于sys_poll()函数,就相当于以下的函数:在fs/select.c文件里,SYSCALL_DEFINE3是有3个參数的系统调用的宏定义#undef CALL //撤销CALL宏定义 #define CALL(x) .long x //对CALL又一次进行宏定义。也是4字节对齐 arch/arm/kernel/entry-common.S中: sys_syscall: bic scno, r0, #__NR_OABI_SYSCALL_BASE cmp scno, #__NR_syscall - __NR_SYSCALL_BASE cmpne scno, #NR_syscalls @ check range stmloia sp, {r5, r6} @ shuffle args movlo r0, r1 movlo r1, r2 movlo r2, r3 movlo r3, r4 ldrlo pc, [tbl, scno, lsl #2] b sys_ni_syscall
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(poll, struct pollfd __user *, ufds, unsigned int, nfds,long, timeout_msecs) { ...... ret = do_sys_poll(ufds, nfds, to);//调用 ...... }好,看看应用层调用poll函数时的底层驱动运行线路
【app:】 poll(); 【kernel: 】 sys_poll do_sys_poll(struct pollfd __user *ufds, unsigned int nfds,struct timespec *end_time) poll_initwait(&table); init_poll_funcptr(&table->pt, __pollwait);-->pt->qproc = __pollwait; //初始化qproc函数指针,让他指向__pollwait函数 do_poll(nfds, head, &table, end_time); for(;;) { for (; pfd != pfd_end; pfd++) //查询多个驱动程序 { if (do_pollfd(pfd, pt)) -> mask = file->f_op->poll(file, pwait);return mask; { //do_pollfd函数相当于调用驱动里面的xxx_poll函数,以下另外再进行分析,返回值mask非零。count++,记录等待事件发生的进程数 count++; pt = NULL; } } if (count || timed_out) //若count不为0(有等待的事件发生了)或者timed_out不为0(有信号发生或超时),则推出休眠 break; //上述条件不满足以下開始进入休眠,若有等待的事件发生了,超时或收到信号则唤醒 poll_schedule_timeout(wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, to, slack) }驱动里边的xxx_poll()函数分析
xxx_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait) poll_wait(file, &xxxx_waitq, wait); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// static inline void poll_wait(struct file * filp, wait_queue_head_t * wait_address, poll_table *p) { if (p && wait_address) p->qproc(filp, wait_address, p); //调用之前poll_initwait()函数设置的函数qproc即__pollwait,__pollwait函数仅仅是把当前进程挂到等待队列,仅仅是add_wait_queue(wait_address, &entry->wait);不进入休眠 }
測试驱动程序:poll_dev.c
#include <linux/delay.h> #include <linux/irq.h> #include <asm/uaccess.h> #include <asm/irq.h> #include <asm/io.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/device.h> //class_create #include <mach/regs-gpio.h> //S3C2440_GPF1 #include <mach/hardware.h> #include <linux/interrupt.h> //wait_event_interruptible #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/poll.h> //poll /* 定义并初始化等待队列头 */ static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq); static struct class *buttondev_class; static struct device *buttons_device; static struct pin_desc{ unsigned int pin; unsigned int key_val; }; static struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = { {S3C2410_GPF1,0x01}, //S3C2410_GPF1是对GPF1引脚这样的“设备”的编号dev_id {S3C2410_GPF4,0x02}, {S3C2410_GPF2,0x03}, {S3C2410_GPF0,0x04}, }; static int ev_press = 0; static unsigned char key_val; int major; /* 中断处理函数 */ static irqreturn_t handle_irq(int irq, void *dev_id) { struct pin_desc *irq_pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;// unsigned int pinval; pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(irq_pindesc->pin);//获取按键值:有按键按下返回按键值0 /* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */ /* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */ if(pinval) { /* 松开 */ key_val = 0x80 | (irq_pindesc->key_val); } else { /* 按下 */ key_val = irq_pindesc->key_val; } ev_press = 1; /* 表示中断已经发生 */ wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq); /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */ return IRQ_HANDLED; } static int buttons_dev_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp) { /* K1-EINT1,K2-EINT4,K3-EINT2,K4-EINT0 * 配置GPF1、GPF4、GPF2、GPF0为相应的外部中断引脚 * IRQT_BOTHEDGE应该改为IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH */ request_irq(IRQ_EINT1, handle_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING, "K1",&pins_desc[0]); request_irq(IRQ_EINT4, handle_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING, "K2",&pins_desc[1]); request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, handle_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING, "K3",&pins_desc[2]); request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, handle_irq, IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING, "K4",&pins_desc[3]); return 0; } static int buttons_dev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { free_irq(IRQ_EINT1,&pins_desc[0]); free_irq(IRQ_EINT4,&pins_desc[1]); free_irq(IRQ_EINT2,&pins_desc[2]); free_irq(IRQ_EINT0,&pins_desc[3]); return 0; } static ssize_t buttons_dev_read(struct file *file, char __user *user, size_t size,loff_t *ppos) { if (size != 1) return -EINVAL; //wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);//使用poll机制。这里就不须要再推断要不要进入睡眠了。copy_to_user(user, &key_val, 1); /* 将ev_press清零 */ ev_press = 0; return 1; } //////////////////////////关键点/////////////////////////////////////// static unsigned int buttons_dev_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait) //该函数一旦被调用就触发poll机制 { unsigned int mask = 0; /* 该函数,仅仅是将进程挂在button_waitq队列上。而不是马上休眠 */ poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); /*** * 如果进程还poll在上面这一函数里边。尚未超时,如果此时有中断到来,中断处理程序将ev_press置位,然后唤醒休眠队列上相应的进程 ***/ /* 进程唤醒之后,立刻往下运行。唤醒的可能原因:超时/中断处理 */ if(ev_press) { mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM; /* 有数据可读 */ } /* 如果有按键按下时,mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM,否则mask = 0 */ return mask; } /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /* File operations struct for character device */ static const struct file_operations buttons_dev_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .open = buttons_dev_open, .read = buttons_dev_read, .release = buttons_dev_close, .poll = buttons_dev_poll, }; /* 驱动入口函数 */ static int buttons_dev_init(void) { /* 主设备号设置为0表示由系统自己主动分配主设备号 */ major = register_chrdev(0, "buttons_dev", &buttons_dev_fops); /* 创建buttondev类 */ buttondev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "buttondev"); /* 在buttondev类下创建buttons设备,供应用程序打开设备*/ buttons_device = device_create(buttondev_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons");// return 0; } /* 驱动出口函数 */ static void buttons_dev_exit(void) { unregister_chrdev(major, "buttons_dev"); device_unregister(buttons_device); //卸载类下的设备 class_destroy(buttondev_class); //卸载类 } /* 模块载入和卸载函数的修饰 */ module_init(buttons_dev_init); module_exit(buttons_dev_exit); MODULE_AUTHOR("CLBIAO"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Just for Demon"); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); //遵循GPL协议
測试应用程序:app_poll.c
/* 文件的编译指令是arm-linux-gcc -static -o app_poll app_poll.c */ #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <poll.h> /* fourth_test */ int main(int argc ,char *argv[]) { int fd; unsigned char key_val; struct pollfd fds; int ret; fd = open("/dev/buttons",O_RDWR); if (fd < 0) { printf("open error "); } fds.fd = fd;//查询的文件 fds.events = POLLIN; //期待收到poll_in值。表示有数据 while(1) { /* A value of 0 indicates that the call timed out and no file descriptors were ready * poll函数返回0时。表示5s时间到了,而这段时间里。没有事件发生"数据可读" */ ret = poll(&fds,1,5000); if(ret == 0) { printf("time out "); } else /* 假设没有超时,则读出按键值 */ { read(fd,&key_val,1); printf("key_val = 0x%x ",key_val); } } return 0; }測试结果:
小结:poll流程图