https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unix_commands
| Name | Category | Description | First appeared |
|---|---|---|---|
| admin | SCCS | Create and administer SCCS files | PWB UNIX |
| alias | Misc | Define or display aliases | |
| ar | Misc | Create and maintain library archives | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| asa | Text processing | Interpret carriage-control characters | System V |
| at | Process management | Execute commands at a later time | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| awk | Text processing | Pattern scanning and processing language | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| basename | Filesystem | Return non-directory portion of a pathname; see also dirname | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| batch | Process management | Schedule commands to be executed in a batch queue | |
| bc | Misc | Arbitrary-precision arithmetic language | Version 6 AT&T UNIX |
| bg | Process management | Run jobs in the background | |
| cc/c99 | C programming | Compile standard C programs | IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 |
| cal | Misc | Print a calendar | Version 5 AT&T UNIX |
| cat | Filesystem | Concatenate and print files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| cd | Filesystem | Change the working directory | Version 6 AT&T UNIX |
| cflow | C programming | Generate a C-language call graph | System V |
| chgrp | Filesystem | Change the file group ownership | PWB UNIX |
| chmod | Filesystem | Change the file modes/attributes/permissions | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| chown | Filesystem | Change the file ownership | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| cksum | Filesystem | Write file checksums and sizes | 4.4BSD |
| cmp | Filesystem | Compare two files; see also diff | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| comm | Text processing | Select or reject lines common to two files | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
| command | Shell programming | Execute a simple command | |
| compress | Filesystem | Compress data | 4.3BSD |
| cp | Filesystem | Copy files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| crontab | Misc | Schedule periodic background work | System V |
| csplit | Text processing | Split files based on context | PWB UNIX |
| ctags | C programming | Create a tags file | 3BSD |
| cut | Text processing | Cut out selected fields of each line of a file | System III |
| cxref | C programming | Generate a C-language program cross-reference table | System V |
| date | Misc | Display the date and time | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| dd | Filesystem | Convert and copy a file | Version 5 AT&T UNIX |
| delta | SCCS | Make a delta (change) to an SCCS file | PWB UNIX |
| df | Filesystem | Report free disk space | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| diff | Text processing | Compare two files; see also cmp | Version 5 AT&T UNIX |
| dirname | Filesystem | Return the directory portion of a pathname; see also basename | System III |
| du | Filesystem | Estimate file space usage | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| echo | Shell programming | Write arguments to standard output | Version 2 AT&T UNIX |
| ed | Text processing | The standard text editor | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| env | Misc | Set the environment for command invocation | System III |
| ex | Text processing | Text editor | 1BSD |
| expand | Text processing | Convert tabs to spaces | 3BSD |
| expr | Shell programming | Evaluate arguments as an expression | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| false | Shell programming | Return false value | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| fc | Misc | Process the command history list | |
| fg | Process management | Run jobs in the foreground | |
| file | Filesystem | Determine file type | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
| find | Filesystem | Find files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| fold | Text processing | Filter for folding lines | 1BSD |
| fort77 | FORTRAN77 programming | FORTRAN compiler | XPG4 |
| fuser | Process management | List process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open | System V |
| gencat | Misc | Generate a formatted message catalog | |
| get | SCCS | Get a version of an SCCS file | PWB UNIX |
| getconf | Misc | Get configuration values | |
| getopts | Shell programming | Parse utility options | |
| grep | Misc | Search text for a pattern | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
| hash | Misc | hash database access method | |
| head | Text processing | Copy the first part of files | PWB UNIX[citation needed] |
| iconv | Text processing | Codeset conversion | HP-UX |
| id | Misc | Return user identity | System V |
| ipcrm | Misc | Remove a message queue, semaphore set, or shared memory segment identifier | System V |
| ipcs | Misc | Report interprocess communication facilities status | System V |
| jobs | Process management | Display status of jobs in the current session | |
| join | Text processing | Merges two sorted text files based on the presence of a common field | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| kill | Process management | Terminate or signal processes | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
| lex | C programming | Generate programs for lexical tasks | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| link | Filesystem | Create a hard link to a file | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| ln | Filesystem | Link files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| locale | Misc | Get locale-specific information | |
| localedef | Misc | Define locale environment | |
| logger | Shell programming | Log messages | 4.3BSD |
| logname | Misc | Return the user's login name | 4.4BSD |
| lp | Text processing | Send files to a printer | System V |
| ls | Filesystem | List directory contents | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| m4 | Misc | Macro processor | PWB UNIX |
| mailx | Misc | Process messages | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| make | Programming | Maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs | PWB UNIX |
| man | Misc | Display system documentation | Version 2 AT&T UNIX |
| mesg | Misc | Permit or deny messages | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| mkdir | Filesystem | Make directories | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| mkfifo | Filesystem | Make FIFO special files | 4.4BSD[dubious ] |
| more | Text processing | Display files on a page-by-page basis | 3BSD |
| mv | Filesystem | Move or rename files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| newgrp | Misc | Change to a new group (functionaliy similar to sg[1]) |
Version 6 AT&T UNIX |
| nice | Process management | Invoke a utility with an altered nice value | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
| nl | Text processing | Line numbering filter | System III |
| nm | C programming | Write the name list of an object file | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| nohup | Process management | Invoke a utility immune to hangups | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
| od | Misc | Dump files in various formats | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| paste | Text processing | Merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files | Version 32V AT&T UNIX |
| patch | Text processing | Apply changes to files | 4.3BSD |
| pathchk | Filesystem | Check pathnames | |
| pax | Misc | Portable archive interchange | 4.4BSD[citation needed] |
| pr | Text processing | Print files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| printf | Shell programming | Write formatted output | 4.3BSD-Reno |
| prs | SCCS | Print an SCCS file | PWB UNIX |
| ps | Process management | Report process status | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
| pwd | Filesystem | print working directory - Return working directory name | Version 5 AT&T UNIX |
| qalter | Batch utilities | Alter batch job | |
| qdel | Batch utilities | Delete batch jobs | |
| qhold | Batch utilities | Hold batch jobs | |
| qmove | Batch utilities | Move batch jobs | |
| qmsg | Batch utilities | Send message to batch jobs | |
| qrerun | Batch utilities | Rerun batch jobs | |
| qrls | Batch utilities | Release batch jobs | |
| qselect | Batch utilities | Select batch jobs | |
| qsig | Batch utilities | Signal batch jobs | |
| qstat | Batch utilities | Show status of batch jobs | |
| qsub | Batch utilities | Submit a script | |
| read | Shell programming | Read a line from standard input | |
| renice | Process management | Set nice values of running processes | 4BSD |
| rm | Filesystem | Remove directory entries | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| rmdel | SCCS | Remove a delta from an SCCS file | PWB UNIX |
| rmdir | Filesystem | Remove directories, if they are empty. | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| sact | SCCS | Print current SCCS file-editing activity | System III |
| sccs | SCCS | Front end for the SCCS subsystem | 4.3BSD |
| sed | Text processing | Stream editor | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| sh | Shell programming | Shell, the standard command language interpreter | Version 7 AT&T UNIX (in earlier versions, sh was either the Thompson shell or the PWB shell) |
| sleep | Shell programming | Suspend execution for an interval | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
| sort | Text processing | Sort, merge, or sequence check text files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| split | Misc | Split files into pieces | Version 3 AT&T UNIX |
| strings | C programming | Find printable strings in files | 2BSD |
| strip | C programming | Remove unnecessary information from executable files | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| stty | Misc | Set the options for a terminal | Version 2 AT&T UNIX |
| tabs | Misc | Set terminal tabs | PWB UNIX |
| tail | Text processing | Copy the last part of a file | PWB UNIX[citation needed] |
| talk | Misc | Talk to another user | 4.2BSD |
| tee | Shell programming | Duplicate the standard output | Version 5 AT&T UNIX |
| test | Shell programming | Evaluate expression | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| time | Process management | Time a simple command | Version 3 AT&T UNIX |
| touch | Filesystem | Change file access and modification times | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| tput | Misc | Change terminal characteristics | System V |
| tr | Text processing | Translate characters | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
| true | Shell programming | Return true value | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| tsort | Text processing | Topological sort | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| tty | Misc | Return user's terminal name | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| type | Misc | Displays how a name would be interpreted if used as a command | |
| ulimit | Misc | Set or report file size limit | |
| umask | Misc | Get or set the file mode creation mask | System III |
| unalias | Misc | Remove alias definitions | |
| uname | Misc | Return system name | PWB UNIX |
| uncompress | Misc | Expand compressed data | 4.3BSD |
| unexpand | Text processing | Convert spaces to tabs | 3BSD |
| unget | SCCS | Undo a previous get of an SCCS file | System III |
| uniq | Text processing | Report or filter out repeated lines in a file | Version 3 AT&T UNIX |
| unlink | Filesystem | Call the unlink function | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| uucp | Network | System-to-system copy | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| uudecode | Network | Decode a binary file | 4BSD |
| uuencode | Network | Encode a binary file | 4BSD |
| uustat | Network | uucp status inquiry and job control | System III |
| uux | Process management | Remote command execution | Version 7 AT&T UNIX |
| val | SCCS | Validate SCCS files | System III |
| vi | Text processing | Screen-oriented (visual) display editor | 1BSD |
| wait | Process management | Await process completion | Version 4 AT&T UNIX |
| wc | Text processing | Line, word and byte or character count | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| what | SCCS | Identify SCCS files | PWB UNIX |
| who | System administration | Display who is on the system | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| write | Misc | Write to another user's terminal | Version 1 AT&T UNIX |
| xargs | Shell programming | Construct argument lists and invoke utility | PWB UNIX |
| yacc | C programming | Yet another compiler compiler | PWB UNIX |
| zcat | Text processing | Expand and concatenate data | 4.3BSD |