• 设计模式 之 观察者(Observer)模式


    观察者(observer)模式定义了一对多的依赖关系,让多个观察者对象能够同时监听某一主题对象。这个主题对象中的状态发生改变时,就会通知所有的观察者对象。

    观察者模式的结构图:

    结构中各个部分的含义:

    • 抽象主题类(Subject):它把所有对观察者对象的引用都保存在一个聚集内,每个主题可以有任意多的观察者。
    • 具体主题类(ConcreteSubject):具体主题,将有关状态存入具体观察者对象;当具体主题状态改变时,向所有观察者发出通知。
    • 抽象观察者类(Observer):抽象观察者,为所有的具体观察者定义一个接口。
    • 具体观察者类(ConcreteObserver):具体观察者,实现抽象观察者角色所要求的接口,以便更新本身的状态

    源代码:

    抽象主题类(Subject):

    public interface Subject {
        public void registerObserver(Observer o); //增加观察者
        public void removeObserver(Observer o);        //删除观察者
        public void notifyObserver(String newState);//通知观察者
    }

    具体主题类(ConcreteSubject):

    public class ConcreteSubject implements Subject{
        
        private ArrayList<Observer> observers; //观察者集合
        
        public ConcreteSubject() {
            observers = new ArrayList<Observer>();
        }
        
        @Override
        public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
            observers.add(o);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
            observers.remove(o);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void notifyObserver(String newstate) {
            for (Observer observer : observers) {
                observer.update(newstate);
            }
        }
        
        public void getChange(String newState){
            notifyObserver(newState);
        }
    }

    抽象观察者类(Observer):

    public interface Observer {
        public void update(String state);
    }

    抽象观察者类(ConcreteObserver):

    public class ConcreteObserver implements Observer{
            
        @Override
        public void update(String state) {
            System.out.println("更新后状态为:"+ state);
        }
    
    }

    客户端:

    public class Client {
        public static void  main(String[] args) {
            ConcreteSubject s  = new ConcreteSubject();
            Observer observer = new ConcreteObserver();
            s.registerObserver(observer);
            s.getChange("新状态");
        }
    }

    运行结果:

    更新后状态为:新状态

    具体情境举例:气象站的温度变化更新:

    抽象主题类(Subject):

    public interface Subject {
        public void registerObserver(Observer o);
        public void removeObserver(Observer o);
        public void notifyObservers();
    }

    具体主题类:

    public class CurrentConditionDisplay implements Observer,DisplayElement{
    
        private float temperature;
        private float humidity;
        private Subject weatherData;
        
        public CurrentConditionDisplay(Subject weatherData) {
            this.weatherData = weatherData;
            weatherData.registerObserver(this);
        }
        
        @Override
        public void display() {
            System.out.println("当前气温:"+ temperature + "F 湿度为:"+ humidity + "%");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
            this.temperature = temperature;
            this.humidity = humidity;
            display();
        }
    
    }

    displayElement接口:

    public interface DisplayElement {
        public void display();
    }

    抽象观察者类(Observer):

    public interface Observer {
        public void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure);
    }

    具体观察者类(ConcreteObserver):

    public class WeatherData implements Subject{
    
        private ArrayList<Observer> observers;    //观察者
        //要更新的观察者的信息
        private float temperature;
        private float humidity;
        private float pressure;
        
        public WeatherData() {
            observers = new ArrayList<Observer>();
        }
        
        @Override
        public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
            observers.add(o);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
            int i = observers.indexOf(o);
            if (i >= 0 ) {
                observers.remove(i);
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void notifyObservers() {
    //        for(int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++){
    //            Observer observer = (Observer) observers.get(i);
    //            observer.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
    //        }
            for (Observer o : observers) {
                o.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
            }
        }
        
        public void measurementsChanged(){
            notifyObservers();
        }
        
        public void setMeasurement(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure){
            this.temperature = temperature;
            this.humidity = humidity;
            this.pressure = pressure;
            measurementsChanged();
        }
    }

    客户端:

    public class WeatherStation {
        public static void main(String[] args){
            WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
            
            CurrentConditionDisplay currentConditionDisplay = new CurrentConditionDisplay(weatherData);
            
            weatherData.setMeasurement(80, 65, 30.4f);
            weatherData.setMeasurement(82, 70, 29.2f);
            weatherData.setMeasurement(78, 90, 29.2f);
        }
    }

    运行结果:

    当前气温:80.0F 湿度为:65.0%
    当前气温:82.0F 湿度为:70.0%
    当前气温:78.0F 湿度为:90.0%
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mercuryli/p/5278897.html
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