• Mybatis深入之事务管理


    Mybatis之事务管理

    简单介绍

    Mybatis的事务管理分为两种JdbcTransaction。ManagedTransaction。

    当中JdbcTransaction仅仅是对数据库连接Connection的一个包装、内部管理数据库事务还是调用Connection的提交、回滚等事务操作方法。ManagedTransaction更直接、什么也没有做。直接将事务交给外部容器管理。

    Mybatis事务管理相关类结构图

    类概览:
    类概览

    类UML图(典型的简单工厂模式来创建Transaction):
    类UML图

    • Transaction 封装事务管理方法的接口
    • TransactionFactory 抽象事务工厂生产方法
    • JdbcTransactionFactory实现TransactionFactory、用于生产JdbcTransaction的工厂类
    • ManagedTransactionFactory实现TransactionFactory、用于生产ManagedTransaction的工厂类
    • JdbcTransaction实现Transaction、仅仅是对事务进行了一层包装、实际调用数据库连接Connection的事务管理方法
    • ManagedTransaction 实现Transaction没有对数据库连接做不论什么事务处理、交由外部容器管理

    源代码事务

    事务配置

    Mybatis中关于事务的配置是通过<transaction type="xx"/>来指定的。配置例如以下:

        <environments default="development">
            <environment id="development">
                <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
                <dataSource type="POOLED">
                    <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
                    <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
                    <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
                    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
                </dataSource>
            </environment>
        </environments>
    
    • type为”JDBC”时、使用JdbcTransaction管理事务。

    • type为”managed”时、使用ManagedTransaction管理事务(也就是交由外部容器管理)

      Mybatis深入之初始化过程 中知道配置文件怎样解析的、当中关于事务方面的解析:

      private void environmentsElement(XNode context) throws Exception {
              //仅仅关注事务部分...
              TransactionFactory txFactory = transactionManagerElement(child.evalNode("transactionManager"));
              ...
      }
      private TransactionFactory transactionManagerElement(XNode context) throws Exception {
        if (context != null) {
          String type = context.getStringAttribute("type");
          Properties props = context.getChildrenAsProperties();
          TransactionFactory factory = (TransactionFactory) resolveClass(type).newInstance();
          factory.setProperties(props);
          return factory;
        }
        throw new BuilderException("Environment declaration requires a TransactionFactory.");
      }
    
        typeAliasRegistry.registerAlias("JDBC", JdbcTransactionFactory.class);
        typeAliasRegistry.registerAlias("MANAGED", ManagedTransactionFactory.class);
    • 重点在于依据type类型推断实例化何种TransactionFactory
    • 前面已经知道Mybatis两种事务配置的方式、这里使用的jdbc类型的事务
    • 上一篇分析DataSource实例化过程中有一段是关于依据DataSource的type来获取何种Factory的、这里原理同样
    • 通过TypeAliasRegistry依据type=’JDBC’来获取TransactionFactory实现类JdbcTransactionFactory

    关键在于JdbcTransactionFactory通过newInstance()使用无參构造函数时做了什么工作

    public class JdbcTransactionFactory implements TransactionFactory {
    
      public void setProperties(Properties props) {
      }
    
      public Transaction newTransaction(Connection conn) {
        return new JdbcTransaction(conn);
      }
    
      public Transaction newTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {
        return new JdbcTransaction(ds, level, autoCommit);
      }
    }
    • JdbcTransactionFactory默认无參构造方法被调用
    • setProperties没有做不论什么实质性处理
    • 对照ManagedTransactionFactory不再贴代码

    以下就是获取具有事务特性的数据库连接了
    JdbcTransaction:

      public Transaction newTransaction(Connection conn) {
        return new JdbcTransaction(conn);
      }

    ManagedTransaction:

      public Transaction newTransaction(Connection conn) {
        return new ManagedTransaction(conn, closeConnection);
      }
    • 两者都是通过Connection来创建详细的实例

    JdbcTransaction:

    public class JdbcTransaction implements Transaction {
    
      private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(JdbcTransaction.class);
    
      protected Connection connection;
      protected DataSource dataSource;
      protected TransactionIsolationLevel level;
      protected boolean autoCommmit;
    
      public JdbcTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel desiredLevel, boolean desiredAutoCommit) {
        dataSource = ds;
        level = desiredLevel;
        autoCommmit = desiredAutoCommit;
      }
    
      public JdbcTransaction(Connection connection) {
        this.connection = connection;
      }
    
      public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        if (connection == null) {
          openConnection();
        }
        return connection;
      }
    
      public void commit() throws SQLException {
        if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {
          if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug("Committing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
          }
          connection.commit();
        }
      }
    
      public void rollback() throws SQLException {
        if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {
          if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug("Rolling back JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
          }
          connection.rollback();
        }
      }
    
      public void close() throws SQLException {
        if (connection != null) {
          resetAutoCommit();
          if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
          }
          connection.close();
        }
      }
    
      protected void setDesiredAutoCommit(boolean desiredAutoCommit) {
        try {
          if (connection.getAutoCommit() != desiredAutoCommit) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
              log.debug("Setting autocommit to " + desiredAutoCommit + " on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
            }
            connection.setAutoCommit(desiredAutoCommit);
          }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
          // Only a very poorly implemented driver would fail here,
          // and there's not much we can do about that.
          throw new TransactionException("Error configuring AutoCommit.  "
              + "Your driver may not support getAutoCommit() or setAutoCommit(). "
              + "Requested setting: " + desiredAutoCommit + ".  Cause: " + e, e);
        }
      }
    
      protected void resetAutoCommit() {
        try {
          if (!connection.getAutoCommit()) {
            // MyBatis does not call commit/rollback on a connection if just selects were performed.
            // Some databases start transactions with select statements
            // and they mandate a commit/rollback before closing the connection.
            // A workaround is setting the autocommit to true before closing the connection.
            // Sybase throws an exception here.
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
              log.debug("Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
            }
            connection.setAutoCommit(true);
          }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
          log.debug("Error resetting autocommit to true "
              + "before closing the connection.  Cause: " + e);
        }
      }
    
      protected void openConnection() throws SQLException {
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
          log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
        }
        connection = dataSource.getConnection();
        if (level != null) {
          connection.setTransactionIsolation(level.getLevel());
        }
        setDesiredAutoCommit(autoCommmit);
      }
    
    }
    • 从源代码中可知、JdbcTransaction怎样管理事务的、如前面所说调用DataSource事务操作方法。

    • 而且对select不进行事务控制
    • 当使用DataSource创建数据库连接时、数据库的事务隔离级别使用DataSource默认的事务隔离级别
    • 如需指定事务的隔离级别、必须手动创建JdbcTransaction(调用还有一个构造函数)
    • 关于事务隔离级别会在补充中有

    ManagedTransaction:

    public class ManagedTransaction implements Transaction {
    
      private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ManagedTransaction.class);
    
      private DataSource dataSource;
      private TransactionIsolationLevel level;
      private Connection connection;
      private boolean closeConnection;
    
      public ManagedTransaction(Connection connection, boolean closeConnection) {
        this.connection = connection;
        this.closeConnection = closeConnection;
      }
    
      public ManagedTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean closeConnection) {
        this.dataSource = ds;
        this.level = level;
        this.closeConnection = closeConnection;
      }
    
      public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        if (this.connection == null) {
          openConnection();
        }
        return this.connection;
      }
    
      public void commit() throws SQLException {
        // Does nothing
      }
    
      public void rollback() throws SQLException {
        // Does nothing
      }
    
      public void close() throws SQLException {
        if (this.closeConnection && this.connection != null) {
          if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + this.connection + "]");
          }
          this.connection.close();
        }
      }
    
      protected void openConnection() throws SQLException {
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
          log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
        }
        this.connection = this.dataSource.getConnection();
        if (this.level != null) {
          this.connection.setTransactionIsolation(this.level.getLevel());
        }
      }
    
    }
    • 重点看一下commit() rollback()方法,没有方法体。验证前面其关于事务的管理方式

    到这里事务暂时告一段落、一般在使用时会与spring结合、将数据库连接、事务管理都交由spring管理。

    补充

    数据库隔离级别:

    先对不同隔离级别涉及到的名词解释:
    •   脏读: 对于两个事物 T1, T2, T1 读取了已经被 T2 更新但还没有被提交的字段. 之后, 若 T2 回滚, T1读取的内容就是暂时且无效的.  
    •   不可反复读: 对于两个事物 T1, T2, T1 读取了一个字段, 然后 T2 更新了该字段. 之后, T1再次读取同一个字段, 值就不同了.  
    •   幻读: 对于两个事物 T1, T2, T1 从一个表中读取了一个字段, 然后 T2 在该表中插入了一些新的行. 之后, 假设 T1 再次读取同一个表, 就会多出几

    详细的隔离级别定义:

    
    READ UNCOMMITTED(读未提交数据)    同意事务读取未被其它事务提交的变更,脏读、不可反复读和幻读的问题都会出现  
    
    READ COMMITED(读已提交数据)   仅仅同意事务读取已经被其它事务提交的变更。能够避免脏读,但不可反复读和幻读问题仍然会出现  
    
    REPEATABLE READ(可反复读)   确保事务能够多次从一个字段中读取同样的值,在这个事务持续期间,禁止其它事务对这个字段进行更新。能够避免脏读和不可反复读,但幻读的问题依旧存在  
    
    SERIALIZABLE(串行化)   确保事务能够从一个表中读取同样的行。在这个事务持续期间。禁止其它事务对该表运行插入、更新和删除操作,全部并发问题都能够避免。但性能十分低  
    
    Oracle 支持的 2 种事务隔离级别:READ COMMITED, SERIALIZABLE. Oracle 默认的事务隔离级别为: READ COMMITED   
    Mysql 支持 4 中事务隔离级别. Mysql 默认的事务隔离级别为: REPEATABLE READ  

    很多其它内容:Mybatis 文件夹

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mengfanrong/p/5119621.html
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