演练5-3：Contoso大学校园管理系统3

      在前面的教程中，我们使用了一个简单的数据模型，包括三个数据实体。在这个教程汇中，我们将添加更多的实体和关系，按照特定的格式和验证规则等自定义数据模型。

      Contoso大学校园管理系统的数据模型如下。

 一、修改学生实体

1.DataType Attribute

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
    public class Student
    {
        public int StudentID { get; set; }
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        public string FirstMidName { get; set; }
        
        [DataType(DataType.Date)]
        [DisplayFormat(DataFormatString = "{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", ApplyFormatInEditMode = true)]
        public DateTime EnrollmentDate { get; set; }
        
        public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
    }
}

      DataType.Date定义了日期显示不包括时间。DataType的枚举定义了很多类型，比如Date、Time、PhoneNumber、Currency、EmailAddress等。它并不包含验证规则。 

      DisplayFormat属性用来显式指定日期格式，ApplyFormatInEditMode设置指定将当前格式应用到，值显示在可编辑的文本框中。

2.StringLengthAttribute

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
    public class Student
    {
        public int StudentID { get; set; }
        [StringLength(50)]
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        [StringLength(50, ErrorMessage = "First name cannot be longer than 50 characters.")]
        public string FirstMidName { get; set; }
        [DataType(DataType.Date)]
        [DisplayFormat(DataFormatString = "{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", ApplyFormatInEditMode = true)]
        public DateTime EnrollmentDate { get; set; }
        
        public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
    }
}

      StringLength规定字符串长度必须在某个值内，但是不会阻止用户提交空的字段值。复杂的验证规则可以使用正则表达式验证RegularExpression属性。

3.列属性

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
    public class Student
    {
        public int StudentID { get; set; }
        [StringLength(50)]       
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        [StringLength(50, ErrorMessage = "First name cannot be longer than 50 characters.")]
        [Column("FirstName")]
        public string FirstMidName { get; set; }
        [DataType(DataType.Date)]
        [DisplayFormat(DataFormatString = "{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", ApplyFormatInEditMode = true)]
        public DateTime EnrollmentDate { get; set; }
        
        public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
    }
}

      FirstMidName属性对应到数据库中的列字段名为FirstName。

二、创建老师Instructor实体 

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
    public class Instructor
    {
        public int InstructorID { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [Display(Name = "Last Name")]
        [StringLength(50)]
        public string LastName { get; set; }

        [Required]
        [Column("FirstName")]
        [Display(Name = "First Name")]
        [StringLength(50)]
        public string FirstMidName { get; set; }

        [DataType(DataType.Date)]
        [DisplayFormat(DataFormatString = "{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", ApplyFormatInEditMode = true)]
        [Display(Name = "Hire Date")]
        public DateTime HireDate { get; set; }

        public string FullName
        {
            get { return LastName + ", " + FirstMidName; }
        }

        public virtual ICollection<Course> Courses { get; set; }
        public virtual OfficeAssignment OfficeAssignment { get; set; }
    }
}

    你可以在一行上放入多个属性。

public class Instructor
{
   public int InstructorID { get; set; }

   [Display(Name = "Last Name"),StringLength(50, MinimumLength=1)]
   public string LastName { get; set; }

   [Column("FirstName"),Display(Name = "First Name"),StringLength(50, MinimumLength=1)]
   public string FirstMidName { get; set; }

   [DataType(DataType.Date),Display(Name = "Hire Date"),DisplayFormat(DataFormatString = "{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", ApplyFormatInEditMode = true)]
   public DateTime HireDate { get; set; }

   public string FullName
   {
      get { return LastName + ", " + FirstMidName; }
   }

   public virtual ICollection<Course> Courses { get; set; }
   public virtual OfficeAssignment OfficeAssignment { get; set; }
}

      FullName是一个计算属性，它返回连接两个属性的值，只有get，在数据库中并不创建列字段。

三、创建办公地点OfficeAssignment实体

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
    public class OfficeAssignment
    {
        [Key]
        [ForeignKey("Instructor")]
        public int InstructorID { get; set; }
        [StringLength(50)]
        [Display(Name = "Office Location")]
        public string Location { get; set; }

        public virtual Instructor Instructor { get; set; }
    }
}

    InstructorID是主键也是教师实体的外键，因为InstructorID不能识别为主键，主键必须是类名ID或者ID，所以需要加[Key]。

四、修改课程Course实体

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
   public class Course
   {
      [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.None)]
      [Display(Name = "Number")]
      public int CourseID { get; set; }

      [StringLength(50, MinimumLength = 3)]
      public string Title { get; set; }

      [Range(0, 5)]
      public int Credits { get; set; }

      [Display(Name = "Department")]
      public int DepartmentID { get; set; }

public virtual Department Department { get; set; }
      public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
      public virtual ICollection<Instructor> Instructors { get; set; }
   }
}

五、创建系部Department实体

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
   public class Department
   {
      public int DepartmentID { get; set; }

      [StringLength(50, MinimumLength=3)]
      public string Name { get; set; }

      [DataType(DataType.Currency)]
      [Column(TypeName = "money")]
      public decimal Budget { get; set; }

      [DataType(DataType.Date)]
      public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }

      [Display(Name = "Administrator")]
      public int? InstructorID { get; set; }

      public virtual Instructor Administrator { get; set; }
      public virtual ICollection<Course> Courses { get; set; }
   }
}

      Column属性改变了列字段的类型。
六、修改学生Student实体

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
   public class Student
   {
      public int StudentID { get; set; }

      [StringLength(50, MinimumLength = 1)]
      public string LastName { get; set; }

      [StringLength(50, MinimumLength = 1, ErrorMessage = "First name cannot be longer than 50 characters.")]
      [Column("FirstName")]
      public string FirstMidName { get; set; }

      [DataType(DataType.Date)]
      [DisplayFormat(DataFormatString = "{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", ApplyFormatInEditMode = true)]
      [Display(Name = "Enrollment Date")]
      public DateTime EnrollmentDate { get; set; }

      public string FullName
      {
         get { return LastName + ", " + FirstMidName; }
      }

      public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
   }
}

七、修改注册Enrollment实体

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
    public enum Grade
    {
        A, B, C, D, F
    }

    public class Enrollment
    {
        public int EnrollmentID { get; set; }
        public int CourseID { get; set; }
        public int StudentID { get; set; }
        
        [DisplayFormat(NullDisplayText = "No grade")]
        public Grade? Grade { get; set; }

        public virtual Course Course { get; set; }
        public virtual Student Student { get; set; }
    }
}

 八、使用Seed方法为数据库注入测试数据

namespace ContosoUniversity.Migrations
{
   using System;
   using System.Collections.Generic;
   using System.Data.Entity;
   using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;
   using System.Linq;
   using ContosoUniversity.Models;
   using ContosoUniversity.DAL;

   internal sealed class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<SchoolContext>
   {
      public Configuration()
      {
         AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = false;
      }

      protected override void Seed(SchoolContext context)
      {
         var students = new List<Student>
            {
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Carson",   LastName = "Alexander", 
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2010-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Meredith", LastName = "Alonso",    
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Arturo",   LastName = "Anand",     
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2013-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Gytis",    LastName = "Barzdukas", 
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Yan",      LastName = "Li",        
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Peggy",    LastName = "Justice",   
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2011-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Laura",    LastName = "Norman",    
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2013-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Nino",     LastName = "Olivetto",  
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2005-09-01") }
            };


         students.ForEach(s => context.Students.AddOrUpdate(p => p.LastName, s));
         context.SaveChanges();

         var instructors = new List<Instructor>
            {
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Kim",     LastName = "Abercrombie", 
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("1995-03-11") },
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Fadi",    LastName = "Fakhouri",    
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2002-07-06") },
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Roger",   LastName = "Harui",       
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("1998-07-01") },
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Candace", LastName = "Kapoor",      
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2001-01-15") },
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Roger",   LastName = "Zheng",      
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2004-02-12") }
            };
         instructors.ForEach(s => context.Instructors.AddOrUpdate(p => p.LastName, s));
         context.SaveChanges();

         var departments = new List<Department>
            {
                new Department { Name = "English",     Budget = 350000, 
                    StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"), 
                    InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Abercrombie").InstructorID },
                new Department { Name = "Mathematics", Budget = 100000, 
                    StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"), 
                    InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").InstructorID },
                new Department { Name = "Engineering", Budget = 350000, 
                    StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"), 
                    InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Harui").InstructorID },
                new Department { Name = "Economics",   Budget = 100000, 
                    StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"), 
                    InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").InstructorID }
            };
         departments.ForEach(s => context.Departments.AddOrUpdate(p => p.Name, s));
         context.SaveChanges();

         var courses = new List<Course>
            {
                new Course {CourseID = 1050, Title = "Chemistry",      Credits = 3,
                  DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Engineering").DepartmentID,
                  Instructors = new List<Instructor>() 
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 4022, Title = "Microeconomics", Credits = 3,
                  DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Economics").DepartmentID,
                  Instructors = new List<Instructor>() 
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 4041, Title = "Macroeconomics", Credits = 3,
                  DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Economics").DepartmentID,
                  Instructors = new List<Instructor>() 
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 1045, Title = "Calculus",       Credits = 4,
                  DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Mathematics").DepartmentID,
                  Instructors = new List<Instructor>() 
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 3141, Title = "Trigonometry",   Credits = 4,
                  DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Mathematics").DepartmentID,
                  Instructors = new List<Instructor>() 
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 2021, Title = "Composition",    Credits = 3,
                  DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "English").DepartmentID,
                  Instructors = new List<Instructor>() 
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 2042, Title = "Literature",     Credits = 4,
                  DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "English").DepartmentID,
                  Instructors = new List<Instructor>() 
                },
            };
         courses.ForEach(s => context.Courses.AddOrUpdate(p => p.CourseID, s));
         context.SaveChanges();

         var officeAssignments = new List<OfficeAssignment>
            {
                new OfficeAssignment { 
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").InstructorID, 
                    Location = "Smith 17" },
                new OfficeAssignment { 
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Harui").InstructorID, 
                    Location = "Gowan 27" },
                new OfficeAssignment { 
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").InstructorID, 
                    Location = "Thompson 304" },
            };
         officeAssignments.ForEach(s => context.OfficeAssignments.AddOrUpdate(p => p.Location, s));
         context.SaveChanges();

         AddOrUpdateInstructor(context, "Chemistry", "Kapoor");
         AddOrUpdateInstructor(context, "Chemistry", "Harui");
         AddOrUpdateInstructor(context, "Microeconomics", "Zheng");
         AddOrUpdateInstructor(context, "Macroeconomics", "Zheng");

         AddOrUpdateInstructor(context, "Calculus", "Fakhouri");
         AddOrUpdateInstructor(context, "Trigonometry", "Harui");
         AddOrUpdateInstructor(context, "Composition", "Abercrombie");
         AddOrUpdateInstructor(context, "Literature", "Abercrombie");

         context.SaveChanges();

         var enrollments = new List<Enrollment>
            {
                new Enrollment { 
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").StudentID, 
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID, 
                    Grade = Grade.A 
                },
                 new Enrollment { 
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").StudentID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics" ).CourseID, 
                    Grade = Grade.C 
                 },                            
                 new Enrollment { 
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").StudentID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Macroeconomics" ).CourseID, 
                    Grade = Grade.B
                 },
                 new Enrollment { 
                     StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").StudentID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Calculus" ).CourseID, 
                    Grade = Grade.B 
                 },
                 new Enrollment { 
                     StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").StudentID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Trigonometry" ).CourseID, 
                    Grade = Grade.B 
                 },
                 new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").StudentID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition" ).CourseID, 
                    Grade = Grade.B 
                 },
                 new Enrollment { 
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Anand").StudentID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID
                 },
                 new Enrollment { 
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Anand").StudentID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics").CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B         
                 },
                new Enrollment { 
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Barzdukas").StudentID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry").CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B         
                 },
                 new Enrollment { 
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Li").StudentID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition").CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B         
                 },
                 new Enrollment { 
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Justice").StudentID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Literature").CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B         
                 }
            };

         foreach (Enrollment e in enrollments)
         {
            var enrollmentInDataBase = context.Enrollments.Where(
                s =>
                     s.Student.StudentID == e.StudentID &&
                     s.Course.CourseID == e.CourseID).SingleOrDefault();
            if (enrollmentInDataBase == null)
            {
               context.Enrollments.Add(e);
            }
         }
         context.SaveChanges();
      }

      void AddOrUpdateInstructor(SchoolContext context, string courseTitle, string instructorName)
      {
         var crs = context.Courses.SingleOrDefault(c => c.Title == courseTitle);
         var inst = crs.Instructors.SingleOrDefault(i => i.LastName == instructorName);
         if (inst == null)
            crs.Instructors.Add(context.Instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == instructorName));
      }
   }
}

 九、模型迁移

      在PMC, 输入add-migration命令:

PM> add-Migration Chap4

      此时更新数据库，可能会得到如下错误：

The ALTER TABLE statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK_dbo.Course_dbo.Department_DepartmentID". The conflict occurred in database "ContosoUniversity", table "dbo.Department", column 'DepartmentID'.

      编辑<timestamp>_Chap4.cs模型迁移文件, 修改代码如下：

CreateTable(
        "dbo.CourseInstructor",
        c => new
            {
                CourseID = c.Int(nullable: false),
                InstructorID = c.Int(nullable: false),
            })
        .PrimaryKey(t => new { t.CourseID, t.InstructorID })
        .ForeignKey("dbo.Course", t => t.CourseID, cascadeDelete: true)
        .ForeignKey("dbo.Instructor", t => t.InstructorID, cascadeDelete: true)
        .Index(t => t.CourseID)
        .Index(t => t.InstructorID);

    // Create  a department for course to point to.
    Sql("INSERT INTO dbo.Department (Name, Budget, StartDate) VALUES ('Temp', 0.00, GETDATE())");
    //  default value for FK points to department created above.
    AddColumn("dbo.Course", "DepartmentID", c => c.Int(nullable: false, defaultValue: 1)); 
    //AddColumn("dbo.Course", "DepartmentID", c => c.Int(nullable: false));

    AlterColumn("dbo.Course", "Title", c => c.String(maxLength: 50));
    AddForeignKey("dbo.Course", "DepartmentID", "dbo.Department", "DepartmentID", cascadeDelete: true);
    CreateIndex("dbo.Course", "DepartmentID");
}

public override void Down()
{

      (确保你已经删除了多余的AddColumn，如果迁移不成功，可将数据库删除后再试。)