Filter
过滤器(Filter)可以修改HTTP请求的内容、响应、Header等信息,过滤器可以包装请求、响应,比如防止XSS攻击等,过滤器同样也可以拦截不安全的请求,比如防止CSRF攻击等等。
生命周期
Filter生命周期与Servlet生命周期类似,init()初始化Filter、destory()在销毁时调用、doFilter()负责处理过滤响应和请求。
包装响应、请求
Filter最核心的概念就是包装请求或响应,以便它可以执行新的行为。Servlet提供HttpServletRequestWrapper、HttpServletResponseWrapper对象进行包装请求和响应,使用时直接继承即可。
下面是防止XSS攻击,进行请求包装
private static class XssHttpServletRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
XssHttpServletRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest servletRequest) {
super(servletRequest);
}
@Override
public String getHeader(String name) {
return HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(super.getHeader(name));
}
@Override
public String getQueryString() {
return HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(super.getQueryString());
}
@Override
public String getParameter(String parameter) {
return HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(super.getParameter(parameter));
}
@Override
public String[] getParameterValues(String parameter) {
String[] values = super.getParameterValues(parameter);
if (values == null) {
return null;
}
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
values[i] = HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(values[i]);
}
return values;
}
@Override
public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
Map<String, String[]> paramMap = new HashMap<>(super.getParameterMap());
for (Map.Entry<String, String[]> entry : paramMap.entrySet()) {
String[] values = entry.getValue();
String[] after = new String[values.length];
int index = 0;
for (String value : values) {
after[index++] = HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(value);
}
entry.setValue(after);
}
return paramMap;
}
}
}
Spring Session就是使用Wrapper把获取Session的API进行包装,部分代码如下:
public class SessionRepositoryFilter<S extends ExpiringSession> extends OncePerRequestFilter {
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setAttribute(SESSION_REPOSITORY_ATTR, this.sessionRepository);
SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper wrappedRequest = new SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper(
request, response, this.servletContext);
SessionRepositoryResponseWrapper wrappedResponse = new SessionRepositoryResponseWrapper(
wrappedRequest, response);
HttpServletRequest strategyRequest = this.httpSessionStrategy
.wrapRequest(wrappedRequest, wrappedResponse);
HttpServletResponse strategyResponse = this.httpSessionStrategy
.wrapResponse(wrappedRequest, wrappedResponse);
try {
filterChain.doFilter(strategyRequest, strategyResponse);
}
finally {
wrappedRequest.commitSession();
}
}
}
Filter和RequestDispatcher
从Servlet2.4之后我们可用使用forward()和include()进行请求分派,同样Filter同样可以拦截分派的请求。
在配置Filter-Mapping时有
- REQUEST:拦截客户端请求,Filter-Mapping默认就是该类型
- FORWARD:拦截forward()分派请求
- INCLUDE:拦截include()分派请求
- ASYNC:拦截异步请求
- ERROR:拦截错误请求
配置如下
<filter>
<filter-name>corsFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.kanyuxia.servlet.chapter.filter.CrossOriginFilter</filer-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>corsFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
<dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
</filter-mapping>
Listener
事件监听器能够控制ServletContext、HttpSession和ServletRequest的生命周期相关的活动
监听器接口 | 监听器事件 |
---|---|
ServletContextListener | ServletContextEvent |
ServletContextAttributeListener | ServletContextAttributeEvent |
HttpSessionListener | HttpSessionEvent |
HttpSessionAttributeListener | HttpSessionBindingEvent |
HttpSessionIdListener | HttpSessionEvent |
HttpSessionActivationListener | HttpSessionEvent |
HttpSessionBindingListener | HttpSessionBindingEvent |
ServletRequestListener | ServletRequestEvent |
ServletRequestAttributeListener | ServletRequestAttributeEvent |
AsyncListener | AsyncEvent |
监听器的常见应用于其控制的相关对象的生命周期,我们可以基于此让所有请求入库
@WebListener
public class AccessManager implements ServletRequestListener {
@Override
public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent requestEvent) {
ServletContext context = requestEvent.getServletContext();
ConnectionPool connectionPool = (ConnectionPool) context.getAttribute(ConnectionManager.CONNECTION_POOL_NAME);
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)requestEvent.getServletRequest();
recordAccessLog(connectionPool, request);
}
@Override
public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent requestEvent) {}
private void recordAccessLog(ConnectionPool connectionPool, HttpServletRequest request) {
// 省略部分代码逻辑
}
}
Cookie和Session
由于HTTP是无状态的基于请求/响应模式的协议。在构建有效的Web应用,必须与来自特定客户端的请求彼此相互关联,就是会话跟踪机制。会话跟踪机制有cookie-session、无状态的JWT、token-session机制,这里主要说的是cookie-session会话机制。
Cookie和Session在Servlet中如何使用就不说了,这里主要说一下自己在应用过程中遇到的问题
- Cookie的domain:Cookie中的domain指的是该cookie在该domain(域名或IP地址)下有效,在浏览器中只能看到domian下的cookie。
- Cookie的http-only:Cookie中的Http-Only选项指的是该Cookie是否只能Http请求使用,主要是防止CSRF攻击。
- 分布式下的Session:由于Session代表用户,所以每个用户应该有唯一的Session。一般情况下,分布式环境下集中存放Session,例如使用Redis集中存放Session,所以就出现了Spring Session进行集中式存放Session。
映射到Servlet
Servlet容器在接受到HTTP请求后,需要选择合适的Servlet处理该请求。选择的Servlet根据URL匹配最长上下文路径的Servlet,其中"*"代表匹配任意字符串,最后我们发现如果"/"会匹配任意的请求。"/"代表"default"的Servlet,Servlet容器会自动注入一个匹配路径为"/"的默认的Servlet,处理静态文件获取、404错误等等。
这是Tomcat9.0.2注入的默认Servlet部分代码
public class DefaultServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {
// Serve the requested resource, including the data content
serveResource(request, response, true, fileEncoding);
}
/**
* Serve the specified resource, optionally including the data content.
*/
protected void serveResource(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, boolean content,
String inputEncoding) throws IOException, ServletException {
// 省略代码
}
}