可以使用[Serializable]属性将类标志为可序列化的。如果某个类的元素不想被序列化,1、2可以使用[NonSerialized]属性来标志,2、可以使用[XmlIgnore]来标志。
1、使用BinaryFormatter进行串行化
下面是一个可串行化的类:
using System; using System.Data; using System.Configuration; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; using System.IO; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary; /// <summary> /// ClassToSerialize 的摘要说明 /// </summary> [Serializable] public class ClassToSerialize { public int id = 100; public string name = "Name"; [NonSerialized] public string Sex = "男"; }
下面是串行化和反串行化的方法:
public void SerializeNow() { ClassToSerialize c = new ClassToSerialize(); FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("c:\\temp.dat", FileMode.Create); BinaryFormatter b = new BinaryFormatter(); b.Serialize(fileStream, c); fileStream.Close(); } public void DeSerializeNow() { ClassToSerialize c = new ClassToSerialize(); c.Sex = "kkkk"; FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("c:\\temp.dat", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read); BinaryFormatter b = new BinaryFormatter(); c = b.Deserialize(fileStream) as ClassToSerialize; Response.Write(c.name); Response.Write(c.Sex); fileStream.Close(); }
调用上述两个方法就可以看到串行化的结果:Sex属性因为被标志为[NonSerialized],故其值总是为null。
2、使用SoapFormatter进行串行化
和BinaryFormatter类似,我们只需要做一下简单修改即可:
a.将using语句中的.Formatter.Binary改为.Formatter.Soap;
b.将所有的BinaryFormatter替换为SoapFormatter.
c.确保报存文件的扩展名为.xml
经过上面简单改动,即可实现SoapFormatter的串行化,这时候产生的文件就是一个xml格式的文件。
3、使用XmlSerializer进行串行化
关于格式化器还有一个问题,假设我们需要XML,但是不想要SOAP特有的额外信息,那么我们应该怎么办呢?有两中方案:要么编写一个实现IFormatter接口的类,采用的方式类似于SoapFormatter类,但是没有你不需要的信息;要么使用库类XmlSerializer,这个类不使用Serializable属性,但是它提供了类似的功能。
如果我们不想使用主流的串行化机制,而想使用XmlSeralizer进行串行化我们需要做一下修改:
a.添加System.Xml.Serialization命名空间。
b.Serializable和NoSerialized属性将被忽略,而是使用XmlIgnore属性,它的行为与NoSerialized类似。
c.XmlSeralizer要求类有个默认的构造器,这个条件可能已经满足了。
下面看示例:
要序列化的类:
using System; using System.Data; using System.Configuration; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; using System.Xml.Serialization; [Serializable] public class Person { private string name; public string Name { get { return name; } set { name = value; } } public string Sex; public int Age = 31; public Course[] Courses; public Person() { } public Person(string Name) { name = Name; Sex = "男"; } } [Serializable] public class Course { public string Name; [XmlIgnore] public string Description; public Course() { } public Course(string name, string description) { Name = name; Description = description; } }
序列化和反序列化方法:
public void XMLSerialize() { Person c = new Person("cyj"); c.Courses = new Course[2]; c.Courses[0] = new Course("英语", "交流工具"); c.Courses[1] = new Course("数学","自然科学"); XmlSerializer xs = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person)); Stream stream = new FileStream("c:\\cyj.XML",FileMode.Create,FileAccess.Write,FileShare.Read); xs.Serialize(stream,c); stream.Close(); } public void XMLDeserialize() { XmlSerializer xs = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person)); Stream stream = new FileStream("C:\\cyj.XML",FileMode.Open,FileAccess.Read,FileShare.Read); Person p = xs.Deserialize(stream) as Person; Response.Write(p.Name); Response.Write(p.Age.ToString()); Response.Write(p.Courses[0].Name); Response.Write(p.Courses[0].Description); Response.Write(p.Courses[1].Name); Response.Write(p.Courses[1].Description); stream.Close(); }
这里Course类的Description属性值将始终为null,生成的xml文档中也没有该节点,如下图:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <Person xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <Sex>男</Sex> <Age>31</Age> <Courses> <Course> <Name>英语</Name> <Description>交流工具</Description> </Course> <Course> <Name>数学</Name> <Description>自然科学</Description> </Course> </Courses> <Name>cyj</Name> </Person>
4、自定义序列化
如果你希望让用户对类进行串行化,但是对数据流的组织方式不完全满意,那么可以通过在自定义类中实现接口来自定义串行化行为。这个接口只有一个方法,GetObjectData. 这个方法用于将对类对象进行串行化所需要的数据填进SerializationInfo对象。你使用的格式化器将构造SerializationInfo对象,然后在串行化时调用GetObjectData. 如果类的父类也实现了ISerializable,那么应该调用GetObjectData的父类实现。
如果你实现了ISerializable,那么还必须提供一个具有特定原型的构造器,这个构造器的参数列表必须与GetObjectData相同。这个构造器应该被声明为私有的或受保护的,以防止粗心的开发人员直接使用它。
示例如下:
实现ISerializable的类:
using System; using System.Data; using System.Configuration; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary; /// <summary> /// Employee 的摘要说明 /// </summary> [Serializable] public class Employee:ISerializable { public int EmpId=100; public string EmpName="刘德华"; [NonSerialized] public string NoSerialString = "NoSerialString-Test"; public Employee() { // // TODO: 在此处添加构造函数逻辑 // } private Employee(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext ctxt) { EmpId = (int)info.GetValue("EmployeeId", typeof(int)); EmpName = (String)info.GetValue("EmployeeName",typeof(string)); //NoSerialString = (String)info.GetValue("EmployeeString",typeof(string)); } public void GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext ctxt) { info.AddValue("EmployeeId", EmpId); info.AddValue("EmployeeName", EmpName); //info.AddValue("EmployeeString", NoSerialString); } }
序列化和反序列化方法:
public void OtherEmployeeClassTest() { Employee mp = new Employee(); mp.EmpId = 10; mp.EmpName = "邱枫"; mp.NoSerialString = "你好呀"; Stream steam = File.Open("c:\\temp3.dat", FileMode.Create); BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter(); Response.Write("Writing Employee Info:"); bf.Serialize(steam,mp); steam.Close(); mp = null; //反序列化 Stream steam2 = File.Open("c:\\temp3.dat", FileMode.Open); BinaryFormatter bf2 = new BinaryFormatter(); Response.Write("Reading Employee Info:"); Employee mp2 = (Employee)bf2.Deserialize(steam2); steam2.Close(); Response.Write(mp2.EmpId); Response.Write(mp2.EmpName); Response.Write(mp2.NoSerialString); }