先讲一下paho的mqtt连接的java实现情况
1、paho的mqtt底层是采用三个线程进行异步的消息发送、处理和接收的【debug的时候可以看到三个线程】,然后比较坑的是,在处理消息的时候,如果有运行是异常抛出但是没有处理的话,整个mqtt客户端直接断开连接。
2、然后就是底层paho提供了两个客户端连接实现——MqttClient和MqttAsyncClient。前者是同步的,后者是异步的,主要是把连接建立等耗时操作进行异步处理,一般使用方式为
IMqttToken conToken; conToken = asyncClient.client.connect(conToken); ... do some work... conToken.waitForCompletion();
注:其实MqttClient底层也是采用的异步形式,主要是为了同之前的api兼容
3、最后mqtt的对于消息的处理是采用回调的方式,同时,对于收发消息可以采用注册监听器的方式进行进度的监听,具体使用可以参看paho项目的GitHub上的示例,上面有三个比较全的示例
4、关于MqttClientPersistence底下的两个类MemoryPersistence和MqttDefaultFilePersistence,主要是为了消息传送过程中的一个临时缓存,如Qos为1,2的消息
重连的思路
针对mqtt协议的原本用途——低网络质量环境,重连是必须的。目前的话重连有几种思路
1、在回调函数里面设置当mqtt客户端连接丢失时重新连接
2、在连接参数里面设置重连方法org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions.setAutomaticReconnect(boolean),个人推荐使用第二种方式
下面附上自己的采用第一种方式设置的mqtt客户端以及回调类
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.List; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttException; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttSecurityException; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence; public class MyMqttClient { String clientId; private MemoryPersistence persistence = new MemoryPersistence(); // Private instance variables private MqttClient client; private String brokerUrl; private MqttConnectOptions conOpt; private boolean clean; private String password; private String userName; //需要重新订阅的主题 private List<String> topicList; public MyMqttClient() { super(); } public MyMqttClient(String brokerUrl, String clientId, boolean cleanSession, String userName, String password) throws MqttException { super(); this.brokerUrl = brokerUrl; this.clientId = clientId; this.clean = cleanSession; this.password = password; this.userName = userName; // 建立mqtt连接属性 this.conOpt = new MqttConnectOptions(); this.conOpt.setConnectionTimeout(60); // this.conOpt.setKeepAliveInterval(60); this.conOpt.setCleanSession(true); // 初始化客户端 this.client = new MqttClient(brokerUrl, clientId, new MemoryPersistence()); this.client.setCallback(new MyMqttCallback(this)); } public List<String> getTopicList() { return topicList; } public void setTopicList(List<String> topicList) { this.topicList = topicList; } public void connect() { try { if (!this.client.isConnected()) { this.client.connect(this.conOpt); } } catch (MqttException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } public void subscribe(String topicName, int qos) { try { this.client.subscribe(topicName, qos); } catch (MqttException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void publish(String topicName, String message, int qos) { try { MqttMessage mqttMessage = new MqttMessage(); mqttMessage.setQos(qos); mqttMessage.setPayload(message.getBytes("utf-8")); this.client.publish(topicName, mqttMessage); } catch (MqttException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } public void close() { try { this.client.disconnect(); this.client.close(); } catch (MqttException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } public void reConnect() throws MqttSecurityException, MqttException { if (null != this.client) { if(!this.client.isConnected()) { client.connect(this.conOpt); }else { this.client.disconnect(); this.client.connect(this.conOpt); } } } }
import java.sql.CallableStatement; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.IMqttDeliveryToken; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttCallback; import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.example.util.Config; import com.example.util.HikariCPUtil; public class MyMqttCallback implements MqttCallback { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyMqttCallback.class); private static final ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); /** * 私有化的mqtt客户端,用以重连 */ private MyMqttClient myClient; public MyMqttCallback(MyMqttClient myClient) { super(); this.myClient = myClient; } /** * 设置重连机制 */ @Override public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) { logger.error("连接丢失,原因{}",cause); // 连接丢失后,一般在这里面进行重连 while (true) { try { Thread.sleep(30000); myClient.reConnect(); List<String> topicList = this.myClient.getTopicList(); for (String topic : topicList) { this.myClient.subscribe(topic, Config.QOS); } logger.info("mqtt重新连接,重新订阅!"); break; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); continue; } } } @Override public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) throws Exception { //消息处理 } @Override public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }
关于重连之后的主题重新
主题重新订阅这个目前主要有两种实现方式,具体看需求
1、设置连接属性的MqttConnectOptions.setCleanSession(false),然后设置mqtt客户端的主题固定,重连上之后之前的主题保留,这个和mqtt的broker关系比较大
2、采用MqttCallbackExtended这个回调类,在org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttCallbackExtended.connectComplete(boolean, String)这个方法里面实现主题的重新订阅,这个一般结合org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions.setAutomaticReconnect(boolean)使用
3、像我上面的例子一样,在包装类里面缓存之前的topic,在短信重连成功的代码里面进行重新订阅即可
最后
代码都是一步步晚上,不要想着拿着我的代码就去用,能用,不保证会不会出什么bug的