1、自建yum仓库，分别为网络源和本地源
一：本地源配置：
（1）将镜像挂载至系统，并查看系统中挂载ISO的设备所在位置，一般是sr#
[root@db01 ~]# ls /dev/sr0
/dev/sr0
（2）将设备挂载至指定目录
[root@db01 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /media/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
（3）备份系统自带的yum源
[root@db01 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@db01 yum.repos.d]# mkdir REPOBAK
[root@db01 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS* REPOBAK
（4）配置本地YUM仓库
[root@db01 yum.repos.d]# vim base7.repo
[base7]
name=CentOS7
baseurl=file:///media
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
（5）查看YUM源
[root@db01 yum.repos.d]# yum list
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base7 | 3.6 kB 00:00
(1/2): base7/group_gz | 156 kB 00:00
(2/2): base7/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
...
（6）安装httpd
[root@db01 yum.repos.d]# yum install httpd -y
...
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos
mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
Complete!
二：网络源配置，通过httpd服务实现：
服务器端配置：
（1）关闭并永久关闭selinux,iptables
（2）上面已安装好httpd服务，创建新的挂载目录：
[root@db01 yum.repos.d]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@db01 html]# mkdir mkdir centos/7/os/x86_64/ -p
（3）卸载之前的本地挂载目录，并重新挂载至新的目录
[root@db01 html]# umount /media/
[root@db01 html]# mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
（4）启动httpd服务
[root@db01 html]# systemctl start httpd
客户端上配置：
（1）备份系统自带的YUM源
[root@db02 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@db02 yum.repos.d]# mkdir REPOBAK
[root@db02 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS* REPOBAK
（2）配置YUM仓库：
[root@db02 yum.repos.d]# vim base7.repo
[base7]
name=CentOS7
baseurl=http://192.168.0.199/centos/7/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
（3）测试安装tomcat
[root@db02 yum.repos.d]# yum install tomcat
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base7 | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
2、编译安装http2.4，实现可以正常访问，并将编译步骤和结果提交。
（1）安装开发程序依赖包：
[root@db01 data]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
或者：
[root@db01 data]# yum install gcc openssl-devel pcre-devel apr-devel apr-util-devel -y
（2）上传源码包至服务器中并解压：
[root@db01 data]# ls
httpd-2.4.39.tar.bz2
[root@db01 data]# bunzip2 httpd-2.4.39.tar.bz2
[root@db01 data]# ls
httpd-2.4.39.tar
[root@db01 data]# tar xf httpd-2.4.39.tar
[root@db01 data]# ls
httpd-2.4.39 httpd-2.4.39.tar
（3）默认编译安装：
[root@db01 data]# cd httpd-2.4.39/
[root@db01 httpd-2.4.39]# ./config
[root@db01 httpd-2.4.39]# make && make install
（4）安装后配置：
配置环境变量：
[root@db01 ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/apache2.sh
[root@db01 ~]# cat /etc/profile.d/apache2.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH
[root@db01 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/apache2.sh
导出帮助手册,添加黄色部分：
[root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
...
#
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache2/man
启动httpd服务，查看80端口是否监听：
[root@db01 ~]# apachectl start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fe1f:38ca. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[root@db01 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
通过浏览器访问：
3、创建一个2G的文件系统，块大小为2048byte，预留1%可用空间,文件系统 ext4，卷标为TEST，要求此分区开机后自动挂载至/test目录，且默认有acl挂载选项
（1）在虚拟机上添加一块新的硬盘，并在系统上扫描，发现一块sdb的10G盘：
[root@db01 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
[root@db01 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan
[root@db01 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 49G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 45G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 4G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom /media
[root@db01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4383546f.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +2G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
查看分区表信息：
[root@db01 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
2 0 4 fd0
8 0 52428800 sda
8 1 1048576 sda1
8 2 51379200 sda2
11 0 4415488 sr0
253 0 47181824 dm-0
253 1 4194304 dm-1
8 16 10485760 sdb
8 17 2097152 sdb1
如果看不到分区，使用以下命令让内核重读分区表：
[root@db01 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb
（3）开始格式化：
[root@db01 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -L TEST -b 2048 -m 1 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=TEST
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 1048576 blocks
10485 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=269484032
64 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
（4）调整默认挂载选项：
[root@db01 ~]# tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
(5) 查看文件系统属性：
[root@db01 ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name: TEST
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: b2a72bff-c449-43dc-98f2-8a4a1da3b4fb
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 131072
Block count: 1048576
Reserved block count: 10485
Free blocks: 994651
Free inodes: 131061
First block: 0
Block size: 2048
Fragment size: 2048
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 512
Blocks per group: 16384
Fragments per group: 16384
Inodes per group: 2048
Inode blocks per group: 256
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Mon Jan 6 12:04:04 2020
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Mon Jan 6 12:14:45 2020
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Mon Jan 6 12:04:04 2020
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 65 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: eab2d0e7-3e3e-456c-b9b7-8e1ab820fd67
Journal backup: inode blocks
（6）设置开机自动挂载：
[root@db01 ~]# mkdir /test
[root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@db01 ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Nov 7 13:07:01 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=0a4a57b3-645c-4c03-beba-a6a9a4242549 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /test ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@db01 ~]# mount -a
4、创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG;要求PE大小 为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv;挂载至/users目录
（1）添加磁盘，创建分区类型为LVM
[root@db01 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
[root@db01 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 49G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 45G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 4G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 2G 0 part /test
sdc 8:32 0 40G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 4.2G 0 rom /media
[root@db01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-83886079, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-83886079, default 83886079): +10G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (20973568-83886079, default 20973568):
Using default value 20973568
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-83886079, default 83886079): +10G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@db01 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
2 0 4 fd0
8 16 10485760 sdb
8 17 2097152 sdb1
8 0 52428800 sda
8 1 1048576 sda1
8 2 51379200 sda2
11 0 4415488 sr0
253 0 47181824 dm-0
253 1 4194304 dm-1
8 32 41943040 sdc
8 33 10485760 sdc1
8 34 10485760 sdc2
[root@db01 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdc
（2）创建PV,VG
[root@db01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
[root@db01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc2
Physical volume "/dev/sdc2" successfully created.
[root@db01 ~]# vgcreate -s 16M testvg /dev/sdc1
Volume group "testvg" successfully created
[root@db01 ~]# vgs testvg
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
testvg 1 0 0 wz--n- 9.98g 9.98g
[root@db01 ~]# pvs /dev/sdc1
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdc1 testvg lvm2 a-- 9.98g 9.98g
[root@db01 ~]# vgdisplay testvg
--- Volume group ---
VG Name testvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 9.98 GiB
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 639
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 639 / 9.98 GiB
VG UUID dvu6f0-5l57-VDtM-7kKy-g3q5-umUc-hBg7E9
[root@db01 ~]# vgextend testvg /dev/sdc2
Volume group "testvg" successfully extended
[root@db01 ~]# vgdisplay testvg
--- Volume group ---
VG Name testvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <19.97 GiB
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 1278
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 1278 / <19.97 GiB
VG UUID dvu6f0-5l57-VDtM-7kKy-g3q5-umUc-hBg7E9
（3）创建LV并挂载
[root@db01 ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n testlv testvg
Logical volume "testlv" created.
[root@db01 ~]# mkdir /users
[root@db01 ~]# ls /dev/mapper/
centos-root centos-swap control testvg-testlv
[root@db01 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 1024 -L TESTLV /dev/testvg/testlv
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=TESTLV
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 5242880 blocks
262144 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=38797312
640 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
512 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409, 663553,
1024001, 1990657, 2809857, 5120001
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@db01 ~]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users/