docker-compose初试及命令基础

转自：https://www.cnblogs.com/jsonhc/p/7811929.html

以一个简单的lnmp.yaml的配置文件进行讲解docker-compose命令的基础讲解，熟练掌握命令

[root@docker lnmp]# cat lnmp.yaml 
version: '3'
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    links:
      - php:php
    volumes:
      - "/www:/usr/local/nginx/html"
  php:
    image: php
    expose:
      - "9000"
    volumes:
      - "/www:/usr/local/nginx/html"
  db:
    image: mysql
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: redhat
      MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
      MYSQL_USER: wordpress
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpress

上面配置文件的关于编写的参数暂时不进行讲解，这里只进行关于docker-compose的命令

[root@docker ~]# docker-compose --help     
Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.

Usage:
  docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
  docker-compose -h|--help

看用法的定义就是利用docker定义和运行多个容器应用

Options:
  -f, --file FILE             Specify an alternate compose file (default: docker-compose.yml)
  -p, --project-name NAME     Specify an alternate project name (default: directory name)

默认如果没有指定具体的compose配置文件，那么就docker-compose.yml，并且如果不指定项目名称，默认就是文件夹的name

up                 Create and start containers

现在利用command中的up进行创建并启动容器（多个容器，安装配置文件中，至于顺序现在不讲解）

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml up
Creating lnmp_php_1 ... 
Creating lnmp_db_1 ... 
Creating lnmp_db_1
Creating lnmp_php_1 ... done
Creating lnmp_nginx_1 ... 
Creating lnmp_db_1 ... done

后面的一大堆输出，这里不进行全部显示了，创建并启动好了容器后，如何查看运行的状态呢？

ps                 List containers

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose ps          
Name   Command   State   Ports
------------------------------

为什么这里没有显示呢？因为配置文件名称不是docker-compose.yml，所以在执行一系列命令时需要加上-f lnmp.yaml

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps
    Name                  Command               State           Ports         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnmp_db_1      docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld      Up      0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp
lnmp_nginx_1   /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ...   Up      0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp    
lnmp_php_1     /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm      Up      9000/tcp  

由于配置文件lnmp.yaml在当前目录，这里可以进行绝对路径：

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml  ps
    Name                  Command               State           Ports         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnmp_db_1      docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld      Up      0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp
lnmp_nginx_1   /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ...   Up      0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp    
lnmp_php_1     /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm      Up      9000/tcp

由上面可以看出将所有的容器都显示出来，如何指定显出某一个容器呢？

[root@docker ~]# docker-compose ps --help
List containers.

Usage: ps [options] [SERVICE...]

一般的command命令都可以带上SERVICE，这里的service是什么呢？就是配置文件中定义的services服务，配置文件中定义了三个：nginx、php、db（不能写错service名称）

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml  ps nginx
    Name                  Command               State         Ports       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnmp_nginx_1   /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ...   Up      0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp

name这一列代表的是容器名称，而不是service名称

[root@docker lnmp]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
a5747e115947        nginx               "/usr/local/nginx/..."   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes        0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp       lnmp_nginx_1
508ac0a6890c        php                 "/usr/local/php/sb..."   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes        9000/tcp                 lnmp_php_1
aaa3cc6f1040        mysql               "docker-entrypoint..."   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes        0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   lnmp_db_1

name的组成由project+service组成（后面的_1本人认为是构建的次数，第一次构建up就代表1吧）

If you change a service’s Dockerfile or the contents of its build directory, run docker-compose build to rebuild it.

docker-compose up --build或者docker-compose build

config：

config             Validate and view the Compose file

利用config命令可以打印处配置文件的内容和service名称以及volumes信息

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml config --services
php
nginx
db

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml config 
services:
  db:
    environment:
      MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpress
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: redhat
      MYSQL_USER: wordpress
    image: mysql
    ports:
    - 3306:3306/tcp
  nginx:
    image: nginx
    links:
    - php:php
    ports:
    - 80:80/tcp
    volumes:
    - /www:/usr/local/nginx/html:rw
  php:
    expose:
    - '9000'
    image: php
    volumes:
    - /www:/usr/local/nginx/html:rw
version: '3.0'

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml config --volumes

down：停止并删除容器、网络、镜像、数据卷

down               Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml down
Stopping lnmp_nginx_1 ... done
Stopping lnmp_db_1    ... done
Stopping lnmp_php_1   ... done
Removing lnmp_nginx_1 ... done
Removing lnmp_db_1    ... done
Removing lnmp_php_1   ... done
Removing network lnmp_default
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps  
Name   Command   State   Ports
------------------------------
[root@docker lnmp]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

down也带有其他的参数：

Options:
    --rmi type          Remove images. Type must be one of:
                        'all': Remove all images used by any service.
                        'local': Remove only images that don't have a custom tag
                        set by the `image` field.
    -v, --volumes       Remove named volumes declared in the `volumes` section
                        of the Compose file and anonymous volumes
                        attached to containers.
    --remove-orphans    Remove containers for services not defined in the
                        Compose file

exec：在运行的容器中执行命令：

exec               Execute a command in a running container

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml exec db env   
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=aaa3cc6f1040
TERM=xterm
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat
MYSQL_PASSWORD=wordpress
MYSQL_USER=wordpress
MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress
GOSU_VERSION=1.7
MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7
MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.20-1debian8
HOME=/root

db是指定了在哪一个service中执行env命令

images：列出镜像

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml images
 Container     Repository    Tag       Image Id      Size 
----------------------------------------------------------
lnmp_db_1      mysql        latest   5709795eeffa   389 MB
lnmp_nginx_1   nginx        latest   c3babfeba09b   551 MB
lnmp_php_1     php          latest   8902ce599658   1 GB  

参数-q：列出镜像的id

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml images -q
5709795eeffac51eca46cf40ab36669aad27e8cb4b0e91876d5e9f7bafad6acb
c3babfeba09bab70a8e3b7e8d734ee274af4a02ed8b9b4d286cd58caf64dbdc5
8902ce599658633ee95e270843b37daabe2e0dc298861ac8c25f5f7e11a7de1e

kill：杀死容器

kill               Kill containers

[root@docker ~]# docker-compose kill --help  
Force stop service containers.

Usage: kill [options] [SERVICE...]

Options:
    -s SIGNAL         SIGNAL to send to the container.
                      Default signal is SIGKILL.

可以看见后面也可以指定哪一个service

logs：将容器中的日志进行输出

logs               View output from containers

[root@docker ~]# docker-compose logs --help 
View output from containers.

Usage: logs [options] [SERVICE...]

Options:
    --no-color          Produce monochrome output.
    -f, --follow        Follow log output.
    -t, --timestamps    Show timestamps.
    --tail="all"        Number of lines to show from the end of the logs
                        for each container.

将db的日志输出最后的10行：

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml logs -t --tail db      
ERROR: tail flag must be all or a number
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml logs -t --tail="10" db
Attaching to lnmp_db_1
db_1     | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.618652188Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.618090Z 0 [Warning] 'db' entry 'sys mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
db_1     | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.618654153Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.618104Z 0 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
db_1     | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.621872173Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.620524Z 0 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'user mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
db_1     | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.621897721Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.620616Z 0 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'sys_config mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
db_1     | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658532597Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658110Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
db_1     | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.660827605Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658335Z 0 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.
db_1     | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.660852816Z Version: '5.7.20'  socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server (GPL)
db_1     | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.660857339Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658347Z 0 [Note] Executing 'SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;' to get a list of tables using the deprecated partition engine. You may use the startup option '--disable-partition-engine-check' to skip this check. 
db_1     | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.660861018Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658349Z 0 [Note] Beginning of list of non-natively partitioned tables
db_1     | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.679766350Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.679398Z 0 [Note] End of list of non-natively partitioned tables

pause：暂停service：

pause              Pause services

[root@docker ~]# docker-compose pause --help
Pause services.

Usage: pause [SERVICE...]

将db这个service进行暂停：

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml pause db
Pausing lnmp_db_1 ... done
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps
    Name                  Command               State            Ports         
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnmp_db_1      docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld      Paused   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp
lnmp_nginx_1   /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ...   Up       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp    
lnmp_php_1     /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm      Up       9000/tcp 

unpause：将暂停的service进行恢复：

unpause            Unpause services

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml unpause db
Unpausing lnmp_db_1 ... done
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps
    Name                  Command               State           Ports         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnmp_db_1      docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld      Up      0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp
lnmp_nginx_1   /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ...   Up      0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp    
lnmp_php_1     /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm      Up      9000/tcp 

port：查看端口映射信息：

port               Print the public port for a port binding

[root@docker ~]# docker-compose port --help 
Print the public port for a port binding.

Usage: port [options] SERVICE PRIVATE_PORT

Options:
    --protocol=proto  tcp or udp [default: tcp]
    --index=index     index of the container if there are multiple
                      instances of a service [default: 1]

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml port db 3306
0.0.0.0:3306

restart：重启service：

restart            Restart services

[root@docker ~]# docker-compose restart --help
Restart running containers.

Usage: restart [options] [SERVICE...]

Options:
  -t, --timeout TIMEOUT      Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds.
                             (default: 10)

将nginx这个service进行重启：

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml restart nginx
Restarting lnmp_nginx_1 ... done
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps
    Name                  Command               State           Ports         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lnmp_db_1      docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld      Up      0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp
lnmp_nginx_1   /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ...   Up      0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp    
lnmp_php_1     /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm      Up      9000/tcp 

rm：删除已经停止的服务容器，没有停止删除不了

rm                 Remove stopped containers

[root@docker ~]# docker-compose rm --help
Removes stopped service containers.

By default, anonymous volumes attached to containers will not be removed. You
can override this with `-v`. To list all volumes, use `docker volume ls`.

Any data which is not in a volume will be lost.

Usage: rm [options] [SERVICE...]

Options:
    -f, --force   Don't ask to confirm removal
    -s, --stop    Stop the containers, if required, before removing
    -v            Remove any anonymous volumes attached to containers
    -a, --all     Deprecated - no effect.

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml rm
No stopped containers

如果加上-s/--stop那么就会先将服务进行停止，然后询问你是否删除：

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml rm -s db
Stopping lnmp_db_1 ... done
Going to remove lnmp_db_1
Are you sure? [yN] 

-f：代表在删除的过程中不会询问你是否删除，而是直接进行删除

run：运行一次性命令

run                Run a one-off command

[root@docker ~]# docker-compose run --help
Run a one-off command on a service.

For example:

    $ docker-compose run web python manage.py shell

scale：扩展容器，为service设置多个容器：

scale              Set number of containers for a service

[root@docker ~]# docker-compose scale --help
Set number of containers to run for a service.

Numbers are specified in the form `service=num` as arguments.
For example:

    $ docker-compose scale web=2 worker=3

This command is deprecated. Use the up command with the `--scale` flag
instead.

Usage: scale [options] [SERVICE=NUM...]

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml scale nginx=2
WARNING: The scale command is deprecated. Use the up command with the --scale flag instead.

而且在创建多个容器时需要考虑端口及ip的监听状况（占用的情况）

start              Start services

stop               Stop services

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml stop db
Stopping lnmp_db_1 ... done
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml start db
Starting db ... done

top：显示运行的进程

top                Display the running processes

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml top
lnmp_db_1
  UID       PID    PPID    C   STIME   TTY     TIME      CMD  
--------------------------------------------------------------
systemd+   38246   38223   7   23:27   ?     00:00:00   mysqld

lnmp_nginx_1
UID     PID    PPID    C   STIME   TTY     TIME                                   CMD                               
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
root   38367   38352   1   23:27   ?     00:00:00   nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g daemon off;
www    38421   38367   0   23:27   ?     00:00:00   nginx: worker process                                           

lnmp_php_1
UID     PID    PPID    C   STIME   TTY     TIME                                CMD                           
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
root   38208   38186   0   23:27   ?     00:00:00   php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
www    38307   38208   0   23:27   ?     00:00:00   php-fpm: pool www                                        
www    38308   38208   0   23:27   ?     00:00:00   php-fpm: pool www  

指定某一个service：

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml top nginx
lnmp_nginx_1
UID     PID    PPID    C   STIME   TTY     TIME                                   CMD                               
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
root   38367   38352   0   23:27   ?     00:00:00   nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g daemon off;
www    38421   38367   0   23:27   ?     00:00:00   nginx: worker process 

version：显示docker-compose的版本信息：

version            Show the Docker-Compose version information

[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml version
docker-compose version 1.17.0, build ac53b73
docker-py version: 2.5.1
CPython version: 2.7.13
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1t  3 May 2016

docker-compose命令运行的级别在service层，而如果需要对容器进行修改等操作还是运行docker命令方便