emacs学习2
Table of Contents
1 dired高级用法
1.1 如何在两个独立的window中复制文件
✍ 把下面这句放在emacs初始化文件中：
(setq dired-dwim-target t)
⎋ 用法：调用C-x 2，另个window分别进入不同的dired目录，现在，当你键入"C"复制文件， 另一个dired目录将成为默认目标，同样"R"(rename)也可以这样使用。
1.2 如何直接进入文件所处的文件夹
✍ 在文件打开状态，如何直接进入文件所处的文件夹，并定位在这个文件。
⎋ 使用： 【Ctrl+x Ctrl+j】
1.3 如何在dired下批量修改文件名(% R/% r)
✍ 例如，进入dired中，列出目录：
~/lisp: total used in directory 16 available 24997024 drwxrwxrwx 1 Everyone Everyone 0 02-24 20:33 . drwxrwxrwx 1 Everyone Everyone 0 1970-01-01 .. . -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 626 02-26 22:35 aui_ABC-kdk1kj.html . -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 626 02-26 22:37 aui_ABC-kdk2kj.html . -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 626 02-26 22:37 aui_ABC-kdk3kj.html . -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 620 02-27 13:49 aui_ABC-kdk4kj.html -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 96 03-02 16:52 mylisp.el -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 649 02-29 22:38 simple -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 4838 02-29 23:27 simplified -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 4836 03-02 11:28 traditional -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 1007 02-29 14:12 x002-1.html -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 636 02-29 09:07 x002-2.html -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 636 02-29 20:41 x003-1.html -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 635 02-29 20:41 x003-2.html
✍ 假设选中auiABC-kdk1kj.html auiABC-kdk2kj.html auiABC-kdk3kj.html auiABC-kdk4kj.html,4个文件，要将其中“ABC”替换为“EDF”，输入"M-x dired-do-rename-regexp"(% R/% r)，再输入"\(\w*\)ABC\(\w*.\w+\)"，按回车，再输 入"\1EDF\2"，按回车，再连续按"y"，以上4个文件修改为auiEDF-kdk4kj.html auiEDF-kdk3kj.html auiEDF-kdk2kj.html auiEDF-kdk1kj.html。
✍ 最后，目录变为:
~/lisp: total used in directory 16 available 24997024 . -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 620 02-27 13:49 aui_EDF-kdk4kj.html . -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 626 02-26 22:37 aui_EDF-kdk3kj.html . -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 626 02-26 22:37 aui_EDF-kdk2kj.html . -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 626 02-26 22:35 aui_EDF-kdk1kj.html drwxrwxrwx 1 Everyone Everyone 0 02-24 20:33 . drwxrwxrwx 1 Everyone Everyone 0 1970-01-01 .. -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 96 03-02 16:52 mylisp.el -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 649 02-29 22:38 simple -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 4838 02-29 23:27 simplified -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 4836 03-02 11:28 traditional -rw-rw-rw- 1 Everyone Everyone 1007 02-29 14:12 x002-1.html
1.4 如何在dired下动态替换文件内容(Q)
✍ emacs交互式替换命令，dired多文件替换`dired-do-query-replace-regexp'
✍ 现在有一批html文件，其中包含数以千计wikipedia链接，这些链接写的不一致，有的带 下划线，有的不带，有的是全路径名，现在想要将链接名更改成wikipedia网页文件名
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislaw_Szukalski">kin</a>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislaw_Szukalski">Stanislaw_Szukalski</a>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislaw_Szukalski">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislaw_Szukalski</a>
⇓
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislaw_Szukalski">Stanislaw Szukalski</a>
✍ 要达到目的，需要取得wikipedia网页文件名，将甚中的下划线"_"改为空格" "，替换链 接名
✍ emacs中可以使用函数作为替换内容， 先输入要修改的内容，再输入 \,(function)，function是elsip函数，在函数中取得wikipedia网页文件名
✍ 函数编写
(defun wikipedia-link-replacement () "Returns a canonical form of Wikipedia link from a regex match. This function is used for query-replace-regexp, to turn the following forms of links: <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/event\">event</a> <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_distance\">Middle_distance</a> <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_distance_track_event\">Middle_distance_track_event</a> <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapir-Whorf_Hypothesis\">Sapir-Whorf_Hypothesis</a> into a cannonical form. Basically, the link text needs to have “_” replaced by space. Also, it shouldn't match links that's already in canonical form, nor matching non-wikipedia link texts. The regex to be used for this function is: <a href=\"http://\(..\)\.wikipedia.org/wiki/\([^\"]+\)\">.+</a> To use this function, call query-replace-regexp, then in the replacement prompt give: \\,(wikipedia-link-replacement) ." (let (langCode articlePath linkText linkText2 returnText) (setq langCode (match-string 1)) (setq articlePath (match-string 2)) (setq linkText (match-string 3)) (setq linkText2 (replace-regexp-in-string "_" " " articlePath)) (setq returnText (concat "<a href=\"http://" langCode ".wikipedia.org/wiki/" articlePath "\">" linkText2 "</a>" )) returnText ) )
⎋ 操作，进入dired，mark多个文件，输入`dired-do-query-replace-regexp'命令，输入正 则表达式：<a href=\"http://\(..\)\.wikipedia.org/wiki/\([\"]+\)\">.+</a>，再输入 \,(wikipedia-link-replacement)
2 小技巧
2.1 动态替换文件内容
✍ 在网页文件中将类似`α'替换成Unicode字符，可以用emacs交互式替换命令，文件内替 换`query-replace-regexp'，可以用\,(function)，function是elsip函数，在函数中取得欲 替换的内容，处理后输出
(defun ff () "temp function. Returns a string based on current regex match. This is for the regex: &#\\([0-9]+\\);" (char-to-string (string-to-number (match-string 1))) )
✍ 简单的办法：输入`query-replace-regexp' Return `&#\([0-9]+\);' Return `\,(char-to-string (string-to-number \1))'
✍ 更好的办法：`\,(char-to-string \#1) \,(format "%c" \#1)'
2.2 修改文件编码
✍ 我使用emacs编写latex，在家里系统是debain6.0，文件默认编码是utf-8，办公室里系统 是win7，文件默认编码是gbk。latax编译时根据编码读取字体，所以在debian6.0中必须是 `utf-8-unix'，在win7中必须是`chinese-gbk-dos'，我经常需要手动更改文件(C-x ret f) 编码。
✍ 可以使用函数自动完成这个工作，我有两个函数，分别将文件编码转换为 `utf-8-unix'和'chinese-gbk-dos'。使用时进入dired模式，mark需要转换的文件，执行 `to-unix-eol-on-marked-file'或`to-gbk-eol-on-marked-file'。
(defun to-unix-eol (fPath) "Change file's line ending to unix convention." (let (myBuffer) (setq myBuffer (find-file fPath)) (set-buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8-unix) (save-buffer) (kill-buffer myBuffer) ) ) (defun to-gbk-eol (fPath) "Change file's line ending to gbk convention." (let (myBuffer) (setq myBuffer (find-file fPath)) (set-buffer-file-coding-system 'chinese-gbk-dos) (save-buffer) (kill-buffer myBuffer) ) ) (defun to-unix-eol-on-marked-file () "Change marked files ending to unix convention" (interactive) (mapc 'to-unix-eol (dired-get-marked-files))) (defun to-gbk-eol-on-marked-file () "Change marked files ending to gbk convention" (interactive) (mapc 'to-gbk-eol (dired-get-marked-files)))