• python面向对象进阶(1)


    面向对象进阶

    isinstance(obj,cls) 检查是否obj是类cls的对象
    class Foo(object):
    pass
    obj = Foo()

    isinstance(obj,Foo)
    issubclass(sub,super) 检查sub是否是super的派生类
    class Foo(object):
    pass
    class Bar(Foo):
    pass
    issubclass(Bar,Foo)

    反射
    python面向对象中的反射:通过字符串的形式操作对象相关的属性。python中的一切事物都是对象(都可以使用反射)
    getattr,setattr,delattr,hasattr


    class BlackManger:
    feature = 'ugly'
    def __init__(self,name,addr):
    self.name = name
    self.addr = addr
    def sell_house(self):
    print('%s' %self.name)
    def rent_house(self):
    print('%s' %self.name)
    b1 = BlackManger('somecompany','zgc')

    检测是否含有某种属性
    print(hasattr(b1,'name'))
    print(hasattr(b1,'sell_house'))

    获取属性
    n = getattr(b1,'name')
    print(n)
    func = getattr(b1,'rent_house')
    func()


    getattr(b1,'aaaaaa')
    print(getattr(b1,'aaaaaaa','bucunzai'))


    设置属性
    setattr(b1,'sb',True)
    setattr(b1,'show_name',lambda self:self.name+'sb')
    print(b1.__dict__)
    print(b1.show_name(b1))

    删除属性
    delattr(b1,'addr')
    delattr(b1,'show_name')
    delattr(b1,'show_name111')#不存在,则报错

    print(b1.__dict__)

    类也是对象
    class Foo(object):
    staticField = 'old boy'
    def __init__(self):
    self.name = 'lzq'
    def func(self):
    return 'func'
    @staticmethod
    def bar():
    return 'bar'

    print(getattr(Foo,'staticField'))
    print(getattr(Foo,'func'))
    print(getattr(Foo,'bar'))

    反射当前模块成员
    import sys

    def s1():
    print('s1')
    def s2():
    print('s2')
    this_module = sys.modules[__name__]

    hasattr(this_module,'s1')
    hasattr(this_module,'s2')


    导入其他模块,利用反射查找该模块是否存在某个方法
    # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

    def test():
    print('from the test')

    # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
    import module_test as obj
    #obj.test()
    print(hasattr(obj,'test'))

    getattr(obj,'test')()

    使用反射的好处

    class FtpClient:
    '未完成'
    def __init__(self,addr):
    print('正在连接服务器[%s]' %addr)
    self.addr = addr
    #from module import FtpClient
    f1 = FtpClient('192.168.0.0')
    if hasattr(f1,'get'):
    func_get = getattr(f1,'get')
    func_get()
    else:
    print('不存在此方法')
    print('处理其他的逻辑')

    __setattr__,__delattr__,__getattr__

    class Foo:
    x=1
    def __init__(self,y):
    self.y = y
    def __getattr__(self,item):
    print('-----> from getattr:"你找的属性不存在')
    def __setattr__(self,key,value):
    print('----> from setattr')
    self.__dict__[key] = value
    def __delattr__(self,item):
    print('----> from delattr')
    self.__dict__.pop(item)

    f1 = Foo(10)
    print(f1.__dict__)

    f1.z = 3

    print(f1.__dict__)

    f1.__dict__['a']=3
    del f1.a
    print(f1.__dict__)

    f1.xxxxxx

    二次加工标准类型(包装)

    class List(list):#继承list所有属性,也可以派生出自己新的,比如append和mid
    def append(self,p_object):
    '派生自己的append:加上类型检查'
    if not isinstance(p_object,int):
    rasie TypeError('must be int')
    super().apppend(p_object)
    @property
    def mid(self):
    '新增自己的属性'
    index = len(self)//2
    return self[index]
    l = List([1,2,3,4])
    print(l)
    l.append(5)
    print(l)
    #l.append('11212132') #报错,必须为int类型

    print(l.mid)

    #其余方法都继承list的
    l.insert(0,-1233)
    print(l)
    l.clear()
    print(l)


    实现授权的关键点就是覆盖__getattr__方法

    import time
    class FileHndle:
    def __init__(self,filename,mode='r',encoding='utf-8'):
    self.file = open(filename,mode,encoding=encoding)
    def write(self,line):
    t = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %T')
    self.file.write('%s %s' %(t,line))
    def __getattr__(self,item):
    return getattr(self.file,item)
    f1 = FileHandle('b.txt','w+')
    f1.write('hello')
    f1.seek(0)
    print(f1.read())
    f1.close()

    #我们来加上b模式支持

    import time
    class FileHandle:
    def __init__(self,filename,mode='r',encoding='utf-8'):
    if 'b' in mode:
    self.file = open(filename,mode)
    else:
    self.file = open(filename,mode,encoding = encoding)
    self.filename=filename
    self.mode = mode
    self.encoding = encoding
    def write(self,line):
    if 'b' in self.mode:
    if not isinstance(line,bytes):
    raise TypeError('must be bytes')
    self.file.write(line)
    def __getattr__(self,item):
    return getattr(self.file,item)
    def __str__(self):
    if 'b' in self.mode:
    res="<_io.BufferedReader name='%s'>" %self.filename
    else:
    res="<_io.TextIOWrapper name='%s' mode='%s' encoding='%s'>" %(self.filename,self.mode,self.encoding)
    return res

    f1=FileHandle('b.txt','wb')
    # f1.write('你好啊啊啊啊啊') #自定制的write,不用在进行encode转成二进制去写了,简单,大气
    f1.write('你好啊'.encode('utf-8'))
    print(f1)
    f1.close()

    作业:
    基于授权定制自己的列表类型,要求定制的自己的__init__方法,
    定制自己的append:只能向列表加入字符串类型的值
    定制显示列表中间那个值的属性(提示:property)
    其余方法都使用list默认的(提示:__getattr__加反射)

    class List:
    def __init__(self,seg):
    self.seq = seq
    def append(self,p_object):
    '派生加上类型检查'
    if not isinstance(p_object,str):
    raise TypeError('must be str')
    self.seq.append(p_object)

    @property
    def mid(self):
    '新增方法'
    index = len(self.seq)//2
    return self.seq[index]
    def __getattr__(self,item):
    return getattr(self.seq,item)
    def __str__(self):
    return str(self.seq)
    l = List(['1','2','3'])
    print(l)
    l.append(4)
    print(l)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lzq1987/p/6758575.html
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