srcURL: http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa390425(VS.85).aspx
下面的示例代码展示了 COM 初始化,连接到本机的 WMI ，接收事件,然后清理的过程. 当有新进程创建时,用户会得到通过.事件是异步接收。
步骤 1-5 是初始设置和连接到WMI , 步骤6 是接收事件.
过程:
1. 调用 CoInitializeEx 初始化 COM.
2. 调用 CoInitializeSecurity 初始化 COM 进程安全。
window 2000 需要在 CoInitializeSecurity 的 pAuthList 参数中指定 SOLE_AUTHENTICATION_LIST 设置默认的安全认证.
3. 通过调用 CoCreateInstance 来获得WMI定位器(locator) .
4. 通过调用 IWbemLocator::ConnectServer 并指定参数 strNetworkResource 为 "root\cimv2", 这样我们可以获得指向 "IWbemServices" 的指针.
5. 调用 CoSetProxyBlanket 设置 IWbemServices 的代理安全.这样 WMI 服务能够模拟客户端角色.
6. 使用 IWbemServices::ExecNotificationQueryAsync 方法 来接收异步事件. 要接收异步事件，我们必须实现 IWbemObjectSink. 下面的代码在 EventSink 类里提供了实现. 在任何时候接收到事件时, IWbemServices::ExecNotificationQueryAsync 都会调用 EventSink::Indicate . 在该代码示例中，当有进程被创建时 EventSink::Indicate 就会被调用.
运行下面的代码，打开 notepad.exe, 通知事件就会被触发.
#include "eventsink.h"
int main(int iArgCnt, char ** argv)
{
HRESULT hres;
// Step 1: --------------------------------------------------
// Initialize COM. ------------------------------------------
hres = CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Failed to initialize COM library. Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
// Step 2: --------------------------------------------------
// Set general COM security levels --------------------------
// Note: If you are using Windows 2000, you need to specify -
// the default authentication credentials for a user by using
// a SOLE_AUTHENTICATION_LIST structure in the pAuthList ----
// parameter of CoInitializeSecurity ------------------------
hres = CoInitializeSecurity(
NULL,
-1, // COM negotiates service
NULL, // Authentication services
NULL, // Reserved
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT, // Default authentication
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // Default Impersonation
NULL, // Authentication info
EOAC_NONE, // Additional capabilities
NULL // Reserved
);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Failed to initialize security. Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
// Step 3: ---------------------------------------------------
// Obtain the initial locator to WMI -------------------------
IWbemLocator *pLoc = NULL;
hres = CoCreateInstance(
CLSID_WbemLocator,
0,
CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID *) &pLoc);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Failed to create IWbemLocator object. "
<< "Err code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
// Step 4: ---------------------------------------------------
// Connect to WMI through the IWbemLocator::ConnectServer method
IWbemServices *pSvc = NULL;
// Connect to the local root\cimv2 namespace
// and obtain pointer pSvc to make IWbemServices calls.
hres = pLoc->ConnectServer(
_bstr_t(L"ROOT\\CIMV2"),
NULL,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
0,
0,
&pSvc
);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Could not connect. Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
pLoc->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
cout << "Connected to ROOT\\CIMV2 WMI namespace" << endl;
// Step 5: --------------------------------------------------
// Set security levels on the proxy -------------------------
hres = CoSetProxyBlanket(
pSvc, // Indicates the proxy to set
RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT, // RPC_C_AUTHN_xxx
RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE, // RPC_C_AUTHZ_xxx
NULL, // Server principal name
RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL, // RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_xxx
RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_xxx
NULL, // client identity
EOAC_NONE // proxy capabilities
);
if (FAILED(hres))
{
cout << "Could not set proxy blanket. Error code = 0x"
<< hex << hres << endl;
pSvc->Release();
pLoc->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1; // Program has failed.
}
// Step 6: -------------------------------------------------
// Receive event notifications -----------------------------
// Use an unsecured apartment for security
IUnsecuredApartment* pUnsecApp = NULL; // 这些指针的定义可以用 CComQIPtr或 CComPtr 自动管理对象的生存周期
hres = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_UnsecuredApartment, NULL,
CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnsecuredApartment,
(void**)&pUnsecApp);
EventSink* pSink = new EventSink;
pSink->AddRef();
IUnknown* pStubUnk = NULL;
pUnsecApp->CreateObjectStub(pSink, &pStubUnk);
IWbemObjectSink* pStubSink = NULL;
pStubUnk->QueryInterface(IID_IWbemObjectSink,
(void **) &pStubSink);
// The ExecNotificationQueryAsync method will call
// The EventQuery::Indicate method when an event occurs
hres = pSvc->ExecNotificationQueryAsync(
_bstr_t("WQL"),
_bstr_t("SELECT * "
"FROM __InstanceCreationEvent WITHIN 1 "
"WHERE TargetInstance ISA 'Win32_Process'"),
WBEM_FLAG_SEND_STATUS,
NULL,
pStubSink);
// Check for errors.
if (FAILED(hres))
{
printf("ExecNotificationQueryAsync failed "
"with = 0x%X\n", hres);
pSvc->Release();
pLoc->Release();
pUnsecApp->Release();
pStubUnk->Release();
pSink->Release();
pStubSink->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 1;
}
// Wait for the event
Sleep(10000);
hres = pSvc->CancelAsyncCall(pStubSink);
// Cleanup
// ========
pSvc->Release();
pLoc->Release();
pUnsecApp->Release();
pStubUnk->Release();
pSink->Release();
pStubSink->Release();
CoUninitialize();
return 0; // Program successfully completed.
}
//---------------------------------- EventSink.h --------------------------------------------------//
#ifndef EVENTSINK_H
#define EVENTSINK_H
#define _WIN32_DCOM
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <comdef.h>
#include <Wbemidl.h>
# pragma comment(lib, "wbemuuid.lib")
class EventSink : public IWbemObjectSink
{
LONG m_lRef;
bool bDone;
public:
EventSink() { m_lRef = 0; }
~EventSink() { bDone = true; }
virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef();
virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release();
virtual HRESULT
STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void** ppv);
virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Indicate(
LONG lObjectCount,
IWbemClassObject __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *apObjArray
);
virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetStatus(
/* [in] */ LONG lFlags,
/* [in] */ HRESULT hResult,
/* [in] */ BSTR strParam,
/* [in] */ IWbemClassObject __RPC_FAR *pObjParam
);
};
#endif
// ------------------------------------------ EventSink.cpp ------------------------------------------------ //
//
#include "eventsink.h"
ULONG EventSink::AddRef()
{
return InterlockedIncrement(&m_lRef);
}
ULONG EventSink::Release()
{
LONG lRef = InterlockedDecrement(&m_lRef);
if(lRef == 0)
delete this;
return lRef;
}
HRESULT EventSink::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void** ppv)
{
if (riid == IID_IUnknown || riid == IID_IWbemObjectSink)
{
*ppv = (IWbemObjectSink *) this;
AddRef();
return WBEM_S_NO_ERROR;
}
else return E_NOINTERFACE;
}
HRESULT EventSink::Indicate(long lObjectCount,
IWbemClassObject **apObjArray)
{
HRESULT hres = S_OK;
for (int i = 0; i < lObjectCount; i++)
{
printf("Event occurred\n");
}
return WBEM_S_NO_ERROR;
}
HRESULT EventSink::SetStatus(
/* [in] */ LONG lFlags,
/* [in] */ HRESULT hResult,
/* [in] */ BSTR strParam,
/* [in] */ IWbemClassObject __RPC_FAR *pObjParam
)
{
if(lFlags == WBEM_STATUS_COMPLETE)
{
printf("Call complete. hResult = 0x%X\n", hResult);
}
else if(lFlags == WBEM_STATUS_PROGRESS)
{
printf("Call in progress.\n");
}
return WBEM_S_NO_ERROR;
} // end of EventSink.cpp
}
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