k8s-基础入门

kubeadm-dind-cluster 工具来快速地部署一个 kubernetes 集群，并且在其上使用 kubectl 来熟练掌握集群的基本结构及概念。

知识点

相关链接

kubeadm-dind-cluster 提供了一种非常简单的运行 kubernetes 集群的方式。我们可以使用预先提供的脚本直接运行一个 kubernetes 集群。本次实验所使用的 kubernetes 环境为 1.15。

ERROR: Got permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket at unix:///var/run/

由于 coredns 和 kubernetes-dashboard 启动需要消耗较长时间并且在实验环境中会启动失败，所以脚本中已经禁用了这两项。而且它们在实验中用到的地方不多，具体可以等到用到的时候再处理

从输出的结果来看，kubernetes 集群也是一个典型的 master-slave 架构。这样的结构中 master 节点上会部署很多控制组件，slave 上只需运行一些 agent 即可。

小窍门

kubectl 是与 kubernetes 集群交互的一个命令行工具。我们可以用它来查看和管理 kubernetes 集群。kubernetes 对外通过 http 端口暴露服务，kubectl 正是通过与 kubernets api server 的 http 端口交互来操作集群。

tom@ubuntu:~/Desktop/k8s/Code$ sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf
[sudo] password for tom:
tom@ubuntu:~/Desktop/k8s/Code$ sudo sysctl -p
vm.max_map_count = 655360
vm.swappiness = 0
kernel.sysrq = 1
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time = 120
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

shiyanlou:~/ $ cat /etc/hosts                                        [16:57:08]
127.0.0.1	localhost

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1	localhost	ip6-localhost	ip6-loopback
ff02::1	ip6-allnodes
ff02::2	ip6-allrouters

172.20.102.125	iZrj92px5d0b9btkc0hzewZ	iZrj92px5d0b9btkc0hzewZ

10.111.123.198	iZbp181owrnv9r9uzp4pt1Z	iZbp181owrnv9r9uzp4pt1Z

10.111.126.135	iZbp18wjcayoy3u826rcpeZ	iZbp18wjcayoy3u826rcpeZ

10.111.114.26	iZbp1967kgohhiwr38iwirZ	iZbp1967kgohhiwr38iwirZ

tom@ubuntu:~/Desktop/3/docker2$ docker stop $(docker ps -aq)
a7ffdde23269
540b166bc8d9
9e61e4b80a96
tom@ubuntu:~/Desktop/3/docker2$ docker rm  $(docker ps -aq)
a7ffdde23269
540b166bc8d9
9e61e4b80a96
tom@ubuntu:~/Desktop/3/docker2$ docker rmi  $(docker images -q)

配置镜像加速器
针对Docker客户端版本大于 1.10.0 的用户

您可以通过修改daemon配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json来使用加速器

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://19b12x6i.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

minikube

https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/

 curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64
 sudo install minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER && newgrp docker


minikube start

Interact with your cluster
If you already have kubectl installed, you can now use it to access your shiny new cluster:

kubectl get po -A
Alternatively, minikube can download the appropriate version of kubectl, if you don’t mind the double-dashes in the command-line:

minikube kubectl -- get po -A
Initially, some services such as the storage-provisioner, may not yet be in a Running state. This is a normal condition during cluster bring-up, and will resolve itself momentarily. For additional insight into your cluster state, minikube bundles the Kubernetes Dashboard, allowing you to get easily acclimated to your new environment:

minikube dashboard
4Deploy applications
Create a sample deployment and expose it on port 8080:

kubectl create deployment hello-minikube --image=k8s.gcr.io/echoserver:1.4
kubectl expose deployment hello-minikube --type=NodePort --port=8080
It may take a moment, but your deployment will soon show up when you run:

kubectl get services hello-minikube
The easiest way to access this service is to let minikube launch a web browser for you:

minikube service hello-minikube
Alternatively, use kubectl to forward the port:

kubectl port-forward service/hello-minikube 7080:8080
Tada! Your application is now available at http://localhost:7080/

LoadBalancer deployments
To access a LoadBalancer deployment, use the “minikube tunnel” command. Here is an example deployment:

kubectl create deployment balanced --image=k8s.gcr.io/echoserver:1.4  
kubectl expose deployment balanced --type=LoadBalancer --port=8080
In another window, start the tunnel to create a routable IP for the ‘balanced’ deployment:

minikube tunnel
To find the routable IP, run this command and examine the EXTERNAL-IP column:

kubectl get services balanced
Your deployment is now available at <EXTERNAL-IP>:8080

5Manage your cluster
Pause Kubernetes without impacting deployed applications:

minikube pause
Halt the cluster:

minikube stop
Increase the default memory limit (requires a restart):

minikube config set memory 16384
Browse the catalog of easily installed Kubernetes services:

minikube addons list
Create a second cluster running an older Kubernetes release:

minikube start -p aged --kubernetes-version=v1.16.1
Delete all of the minikube clusters:

minikube delete --all

docker批量导入镜像

ll *.image|awk '{print $NF}'|sed -r 's#(.*)#docker load -i 1#' |bash

使用一段时间Docker之后，本地会有很多的没用了的镜像，逐条手动删除很费时，所以弄个脚本批量删除，如下，删除以192.168.33.10开头的镜像名称，只要这个镜像没有被使用，会被删除。

    List-1

docker images|awk '{print $1":"$2}'|grep 192.168.33.10|xargs -t docker rmi
    如下若是，除了mysql、postgresql、kibana、elastic、mongo除外的没有在运行的容器会被删除，xargs的-t参数会打印出执行的命令

    List-2

docker ps -a|egrep -v 'mysql|post|kiban|elas|mongo'|awk '{print $1}'|xargs -t docker rm
    有些时候会有些<none>的镜像，如下List-3，可能是临时产生的，删除这种镜像，直接用List-1中的是不行的

    List-3

mjduan@mjduan:/opt/tmp/images$ docker images
REPOSITORY                             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
<none>                                 <none>              fb522ae76d1c        3 days ago          993MB
<none>                                 <none>              4966b6e23631        3 days ago          662MB
<none>                                 <none>              3d30ff829e3d        3 days ago          738MB
<none>                                 <none>              82d66f605ccd        3 days ago          738MB
<none>                                 <none>              53df78f6d849        3 days ago          683MB
<none>                                 <none>              dd914a092541        3 days ago          738MB
    List-4

#这种，注意awk中要用	隔开，后面的awk才能得到我们想要的$2
docker images|awk '{print  $1"	"$3}'|grep "<none"|awk '{print $2}'| xargs -t docker rmi
#或者下面这种
docker images|grep "<none"|awk '{print $3}'|xargs -t docker rmi

　　docker批量导出镜像

docker将镜像上传到仓库

使用python

import os
import subprocess
import re 
if __name__ == "__main__":
	# sudo docker login --username=15088694571 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com  987654321qwe

    p = subprocess.Popen('docker images', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
    for line in p.stdout.readlines():
		#print(line)
		m = re.match(r'([^s]*s*)s([^s]*s)', line.decode("utf-8"))
#		print(m.group(1).strip('')+""+m.group(2).strip(''))
		iname = m.group(1).strip()
		itag = m.group(2).strip()
		tarname   = iname+":"+itag 
		
		filename = iname.split("/")[-1].strip()
		targetname = "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lzj123/"+filename+":"+itag 
	    
		cmd = "docker tag "+tarname+"  "+ targetname
		print("cmd-----------------------------")
		print(cmd)
		os.system(cmd)
	   #docker tag 37bb9c63c8b2 registry-vpc.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/acs/agent:0.7-dfb6816

		cmd2 = "docker push "+"  "+ targetname
		print(cmd2)
	   # sudo docker push registry-vpc.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/acs/agent:0.7-dfb6816
		os.system(cmd2)

		print("cmd-----------------------------")
    retval = p.wait()

k8s-基础入门

知识点

相关链接

小窍门

kubectl 的基本使用

minikube

docker将镜像上传到仓库